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qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze

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mas urTierToba aqvs). igi Tavidanve moZaladea da RmerTsac eurCeba. wm. giorgi mas, rogorc araqristians(!), verafers aklebs, RmerTi ki sjis: Zafs Semoaqselavs tanze, jaWvad uqcevs da paloze daabams. aramxutusac Citi uSlis palos amoZrobas [Ciqovani 1947:385]. arsebobs gayofiTebuli variantebi, sadac aramxutus tyviiT(!) klavs cimintia, Tavs moaWris da jgeges miarTmevs sofel jvarSi [Ciqovani 1947:386]. aseve eTnizebulia, da ufro Zlieradac, abrskilis afxazuri Tqmuleba: is ebrZvis samSoblos (afxazeTis) mtrebs (eWvi ar aris, rom es motivi gviandeli warmoSobisaa). mis biografiaSi ZiriTadi gmiroba devis mokvlaa. gaampartavnebul-gabudayebuli abrskili RmerTs etoleba – arafris didebiT ar uxris mas qeds. Tavs arasodes xris, RmerTs ar egonos, Tayvans mcemso. Tqmuleba orTabrZolas ar icnobs. RmerTi sjis mas: jaWviT Seborkils Wlous gamoqvabulSi (oCamCiris maxloblad) rkinis boZze miabmevinebs. aqac vxvdebiT gaTavisuflebis amao mcdelobas or variantad: 1) Citis mizeziT misi palo kidev ufro Rrmad iWedeba kldeSi; 2) afxazebi – aCbebi Tu cacbebi – miagneben abrskilis gamoqvabuls, magram imedgacruebulni ukanve dabrundebian [zuxba:344-9; 9, 387-9]. adiReelTa narTebis meTaurma (Txamadam) nasiren-JaCem ganizraxa RmerTis (Txas) meufebis damxoba. adis oSxamaxoze (ialbuzze), RmerTebis mTaze, da ebrZvis RvTaeba pakos, rom daibrunos warTmeuli cecxli. pako miajaWvavs nasirens oSxamaxos wverze. SevniSnavT, rom adiReuri simReramoTqma mijaWvul nasirenze `wvrilmanebSic~ ki imeorebs amiranis dramas. mogvyavs es simRera: `o uiy-uiy, narTo nasiren! uiy, uiy nasiren-JaCe! muxanaTuria Seni qcevani, RvTis sityvas da saqmes Sen pativs ar scem. o, RvTisagan SeCvenebulo, o, vinc mTaze aiyvanes, o, vinc mTaze miajaWves! Sens zemoT arwivia, gverdiT Seni ZaRli giwevs! aryevs grialiT svets, Citi mofrindeba xolme, svetze jdeba. Sen brazdebi, ehei, yviri, qvas esvri, svets xvdeba, sveti ufro Rrmad erWoba. Sens gverdiT ZaRli wevs, jaWvs RrRnis, Zafis sisqes xdis. roca galokavs, mWedlebi samWedloSi sisxam diliT grdemlze uros scemen, jaWvi kvlav mTliandeba, rogorc iyo... vidre Cven ar agxsniT, RmerTi gakavebdes mand dasaRupavad~ [narTebi 1974: 273-4]. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs amiranis bedTan tipologiuri an, SesaZloa, geneturi msgavseba-siaxloviT somexTa mheri umrwemesi, sasunelTa modgmis ukanaskneli gmiri. misi bavSvoba iseTive boboqaria, rogorc amiranisa, xolo gabudayebis zRurblze dedamiwas aRar surs misi atana (siarulisas fexebi miwaSi efloba), anu is dawyevlilia miwisagan. misi bolo kldis gamoqvabulia, rasac mhers misi ded-mama uwinaswarmetyvelebs, roca igi maT saflavebs CasZaxebs SemweobisTvis da mheric miadgeba kldes, magram manamde is orTabrZolaSi iwvevs RmerTs (`an Semerkine, an waiRe Cemi suli~), romelic mas Svid angelozs SeabrZolebs. magram amaoa mheris cda: misi elva-xmali verafers aklebs uxorcoT. damarcxebulma mherma sakuTari maxviliT 100

gaapo klde, romlis wiaRSi `samudamod~ unda datyvevebuliyo. klde weliwadSi orjer ixsneba _ vardavarisa da amaRlebis dResaswaulebze. mheri gamodis gareT, magram kvlavindeburad miwas ar surs misi zidva, is cxenianad efloba miwaSi. kldis erT-erTi gaxsnisas Semodis mwyemsi da mis kiTxvaze, rodis gamoxval aqedano, mheri aZlevs sagulisxmo pasuxs: `Tu axla avdeqi da gamovedi, ver amitans me miwa. sanam es wuTisofeli borotebiT aris savse, sanam aseTi crua miwa, me ar mecxovreba qveyanaze. roca daemxoba es sofeli da kvlav aSendeba, roca xorblis marcvali kaklisodena gaxdeba, roca askilis nayofiviT gaxdeba xorblis marcvali, ai, maSin dadgeba Cemi dRe da im dRes gamoval aqedan~ [sasuneli:340-341]. rogorc vxedavT, mheris gaTavisufleba iseve, rogorc amiranisa, esqatologiur perspeqtivasTan, qveynis feriscvalebasTan aris dakavSirebuli. mheris RmerTmebrZoli neba motexilia, igi, SeiZleba iTqvas, kaTarzisis procesSi imyofeba da elis saboloo, esqatologiur Jams. ganwmedil-ganaxlebuli mheri da `axali ca da axali miwa~ Seegebeba erTmaneTs. yvela am TqmulebaSi gamoxatulia tragedia adamianisa, romelic ver egueba adamianur dasazRvrulobas da cdilobs gascdes kacobriv sazRvars, gautoldes RmerTs, risTvisac isjeba. erTaderTi marko ar isjeba. mas miemadleba sxvarigi Zala – igi, SeiZleba iTqvas, am marcxiani orTabrZolidan axal adamianad ibadeba. marko rwmundeba fizikuri Zalis umweobaSi, roca absolutur Zalas Seejaxeba. orTabrZola misi gakveTili iyo. amiranisTvisac gakveTilia es sabediswero Serkineba Tavis naTliasTan, isic unda darwmundes, rom adamianSi moqceuli Zala uflis winaSe araraobaa. is, rac markos pirovnebaSi moxda, aris gardaqmna – metanoia, TvalTaxedvis Secvla, anu sinanuli, rasac RmerTi elis mijaWvuli amiranisagan. promeTevsi ki arc adamiania da, amis gamo, arc sinanulis gancda aqvs, arc zevsi moelis misgan sinanuls. amiranis tragedia gacilebiT Rrmaa, vidre promeTevsisa, romlis bedi zevsis kaprizze Tu TviTnebobazea damokidebuli. amave dros promeTevsi ukve gamoxsnilia, magram is ixsna gareSe Zalam da ara Sinaganma mzadyofnam xsnisaTvis. Tumca Sinaganis problema arc dgas mis winaSe. es adamianis problemaa, promeTe ki adamiani ar aris. dasasrul, momyavs h.-g. gadameris lakoniuri daskvnebi, romlebiTac man daasrula Tavisi narkvevi promeTevsze: `ase iqceva promeTevsi simbolod kacobriobis TviTtanjvisa sakuTari sindisiT, cnobierebis tragediis simbolod~. da kidev: `masSi kacobrioba, visTvisac is itanjeba, Wvrets sakuTar Tavs~. da bolos: `me meCveneba, rom promeTevsis istoria iseve daumTavrebelia, rogorc Tavad adamianis istoria~ [gadameri:255]. me meCveneba, rom es sityvebi ufro amiranis egzistencialur mdgomareobas gamoxatavs, vidre promeTevsisas. istoriaSi promeTevsis drama dasrulebulia, is herakles gamomsyidvelma aqtma gaauqma, amiranisa 101

mas urTierToba aqvs). igi Tavidanve moZaladea da RmerTsac eurCeba. wm.<br />

giorgi mas, rogorc araqristians(!), verafers aklebs, RmerTi ki sjis:<br />

Zafs Semoaqselavs tanze, jaWvad uqcevs da paloze daabams. aramxutusac<br />

Citi uSlis palos amoZrobas [Ciqovani 1947:385]. arsebobs gayofiTebuli<br />

variantebi, sadac aramxutus tyviiT(!) klavs cimintia, Tavs moaWris da<br />

jgeges miarTmevs sofel jvarSi [Ciqovani 1947:386].<br />

aseve eTnizebulia, da ufro Zlieradac, abrskilis afxazuri<br />

Tqmuleba: is ebrZvis samSoblos (afxazeTis) mtrebs (eWvi ar aris, rom es<br />

motivi gviandeli warmoSobisaa). mis biografiaSi ZiriTadi gmiroba devis<br />

mokvlaa. gaampartavnebul-gabudayebuli abrskili RmerTs etoleba –<br />

arafris didebiT ar uxris mas qeds. Tavs arasodes xris, RmerTs ar<br />

egonos, Tayvans mcemso. Tqmuleba orTabrZolas ar icnobs. RmerTi sjis<br />

mas: jaWviT Seborkils Wlous gamoqvabulSi (oCamCiris maxloblad)<br />

rkinis boZze miabmevinebs. aqac vxvdebiT gaTavisuflebis amao mcdelobas<br />

or variantad: 1) Citis mizeziT misi palo kidev ufro Rrmad iWedeba<br />

kldeSi; 2) afxazebi – aCbebi Tu cacbebi – miagneben abrskilis<br />

gamoqvabuls, magram imedgacruebulni ukanve dabrundebian [zuxba:344-9; 9,<br />

387-9]. adiReelTa narTebis meTaurma (Txamadam) nasiren-JaCem ganizraxa<br />

RmerTis (Txas) meufebis damxoba. adis oSxamaxoze (ialbuzze), RmerTebis<br />

mTaze, da ebrZvis RvTaeba pakos, rom daibrunos warTmeuli cecxli. pako<br />

miajaWvavs nasirens oSxamaxos wverze. SevniSnavT, rom adiReuri simReramoTqma<br />

mijaWvul nasirenze `wvrilmanebSic~ ki imeorebs amiranis dramas.<br />

mogvyavs es simRera:<br />

`o uiy-uiy, narTo nasiren! uiy, uiy nasiren-JaCe! muxanaTuria Seni<br />

qcevani, RvTis sityvas da saqmes Sen pativs ar scem. o, RvTisagan<br />

SeCvenebulo, o, vinc mTaze aiyvanes, o, vinc mTaze miajaWves! Sens zemoT<br />

arwivia, gverdiT Seni ZaRli giwevs! aryevs grialiT svets, Citi<br />

mofrindeba xolme, svetze jdeba. Sen brazdebi, ehei, yviri, qvas esvri,<br />

svets xvdeba, sveti ufro Rrmad erWoba. Sens gverdiT ZaRli wevs, jaWvs<br />

RrRnis, Zafis sisqes xdis. roca galokavs, mWedlebi samWedloSi sisxam<br />

diliT grdemlze uros scemen, jaWvi kvlav mTliandeba, rogorc iyo...<br />

vidre Cven ar agxsniT, RmerTi gakavebdes mand dasaRupavad~ [narTebi 1974:<br />

273-4].<br />

gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs amiranis bedTan tipologiuri<br />

an, SesaZloa, geneturi msgavseba-siaxloviT somexTa mheri<br />

umrwemesi, sasunelTa modgmis ukanaskneli gmiri. misi bavSvoba iseTive<br />

boboqaria, rogorc amiranisa, xolo gabudayebis zRurblze dedamiwas<br />

aRar surs misi atana (siarulisas fexebi miwaSi efloba), anu is<br />

dawyevlilia miwisagan. misi bolo kldis gamoqvabulia, rasac mhers misi<br />

ded-mama uwinaswarmetyvelebs, roca igi maT saflavebs CasZaxebs<br />

SemweobisTvis da mheric miadgeba kldes, magram manamde is orTabrZolaSi<br />

iwvevs RmerTs (`an Semerkine, an waiRe Cemi suli~), romelic mas Svid<br />

angelozs SeabrZolebs. magram amaoa mheris cda: misi elva-xmali<br />

verafers aklebs uxorcoT. damarcxebulma mherma sakuTari maxviliT<br />

100

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