qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze qarTuli folklori - Reso Kiknadze
atom icvleba, Tu icvleba, vis SeuZlia misi Secvla, an roca qmnis adamiani, risi ZaliT da visi saxeliT qmnis imas, rasac qmnis. folkloruli Semoqmedebis specifika (arsebiTi niSnebi) es niSnebi erTmaneTisagan gamomdinarea, anu TiToeuli maTgani mizezic aris da Sedegic. magram isic unda iTqvas, da es mTavaria, rom yovel maTgans TviTkmari da damoukidebeli Rirebuleba aqvs folkloris gansazRvraSi, ramdenadac TiToeulSi Cans xalxuri Semoqmedebis bunebis mTeli sisavse. gavrcelebis zepiri forma es aris yvelaze TvalsaCino niSani folkloruli Semoqmedebisa, rac mis erT-erT saxelwodebaSic aris asaxuli: "zepirsityviereba". namdvilad, xalxuri Semoqmedeba zepirsityvieria, rogorc warmoSobiT, aseve gavrcelebis formiT: iqmneba zepirad da vrceldeba zepirad. es aris am zogadi niSnis ori aspeqti. zepirsityvieri teqsti SeiZleba Cawerili iqnas, magram es ar iqneba misi arsebobis bunebrivi forma (aris gamonaklisi: xalxuri epitafia, romelic mxolod da mxolod qvaze amokveTili saxiT arsebobs. es, ra Tqma unda, mxolod damwerlobis kulturaSia SesaZlebeli). mTeli damwerlobamdeli periodis sityvieri Semoqmedeba, romlis dasabami uxsovrobaSi ikargeba, zepiri saxiT gadaecema Taobidan Taobas uwyveti modenilobiT da ganagrZobs arsebobas wignuri civilizaciebis xanaSic da werilobiT saxesac iRebs, Tumca xalxuri sityvieri Semoqmedeba mxolod mosasmenad aris gamiznuli, rac garkveul daRs asvams mas. es qmnis mis Tavisebur poetikas, sakmaod gansxvavebuls wignuri Semoqmedebisgan, romelic sakiTxavad aris gamiznuli. gansxvaveba smenasa da kiTxvas Soris ar aris mxolod teqnikuri xasiaTisa. arsebobs smeniTi kultura am fenomenis (smenis) Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, da arsebobs kiTxviTi kultura, xedvis fenomenis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare. folklori ZiriTadad yuria, wigni (literatura) _ Tvali. grigol robaqiZe erTgan wers: "akakis leqsSi "yuria" meti, vidre "Tvali". amiT _ `yur~ sityviT mwerali akakis SemoqmedebaSi xalxur zepirsityvier stiqias aRniSnavs. "Tvali naklebia akakis leqsSi, ganagrZobs avtori, rogorc saerTod qarTul poeziaSi". amiT mas surs Tqvas, rom qarTuli wignuri poezia mniSvnelovanwilad nasazrdoebia xalxuri poeziiT. yurTasmenis prioriteti TvalTaxedvis mimarT udamwerlobo epoqaSi niSandobliv gamoxatulebas poulobs aedebisa Tu rafsodebis (mgosnebis) sibrmavis fenomenSi. maTi klasikuri magaliTi da warmomadgeneli homerosia, romlis poemaSi ("odiseaSi") aseve brma aedebi monawileoben _ demodoke da femiosi. brmebi iyvnen iaponeli moxetiale bivaboZuebi (biva-boZu), romlebic simebiani instrumentis (`biva”) akompanimentze asrulebdnen TavianT repertuars. maTi sibrmave qmediTi faqtoria rogorc zepiri SemoqmedebisTvis, aseve raime ambis zepir 10
gardaTqmisTvis. Tvalis Zala da unari mTlianad sasmenelSia gadasuli, yuris Zala da unari xedvis xarjzea gafaqizebuli. mas SeuZlia mTlianad moicvas xedva, Caenacvlos mas, rasac mowmobs Tavad smenis aRmniSvneli sityvis gamoyeneba xedvis gamosaxatavad: yureba. msmeneli uSualod aRiqvams teqsts. msmeneli eswreba Semoqmedebis process, rac mis Tvalwin sruldeba, TiTqos xelaxla iqmneba misTvis, radgan yoveli axali Sesruleba pirvelSemoqmedebis badalia. xalxuri nawarmoebi mxolod maSin arsebobs aqtualurad, roca is warmoiTqmis. warmoTqmamde misi arseboba, garkveuli azriT, potenciuria _ is mTqmelis mexsierebaSi arsebobs rogorc SesaZlebloba. amitomac zepiri nawarmoebi arc erTi ganmeorebisas arasodes ar aris Tavisi Tavis igiveobrivi. msmeneli yovelTvis xedavs avtors Tavis win, radgan mTqmelis xmaSi avtoris xma esmis, maT Soris ar arsebobs drouli xarvezi, maT Soris ar arsebobs sxva Suamavali, garda haerisa, romelic vibrirebs da msmenelamde daubrkolebliv miaqvs sityva. rafsodSi, romelsac dRevandlamde moaqvs es sityva, msmeneli im pirvelmTqmels xedavs, Tumca misi saxeli da saxe samudamod dafarulia. ase ar aris literaturuli nawarmoebis SemTxvevaSi: mkiTxveli Tavad kiTxulobs teqsts, is mowyvetilia avtors, ver xedavs mas, ar esmis misi xma, Tumca mas SeuZlia ixilos misi saxe da misi saxelic cnobilia misTvis. mkiTxveli Tavad "axmovanebs" teqsts da svams maxvilebs. aris SemTxvevebi, roca literaturuli nawarmoebis avtori Tavad kiTxulobs teqsts (scenaze, televizorSi Tu radioSi), magram es ar aris arsebiTi, es ar aris is wesi, romlis ZaliTac arsebobs literaturuli nawarmoebi. aris sapirispiro SemTxvevebi, roca adamiani kiTxulobs wignSi dabeWdil xalxur nawarmoebs. magram, rogorc iTqva, wigni ar aris xalxuri sityvis bunebrivi adgili. wigni, wera, kiTxva antifolkloruli movlenebia. wignSi asoebiT dabeWdili xalxuri leqsi Cven SeiZleba SevadaroT mgalobel Cits, romelic galiaSia damwyvdeuli. marTalia, wigni inaxavs sityvas, romelsac JamTasvla uTuod waSlis adamianis mexsierebaSi, magram isic marTalia, rom wigni ver inaxavs mas cocxlad, radgan zepiri sityva ar aris wignSi dasabeWdad Seqmnili, rogorc gareuli frinveli ar aris gaCenili galiis binadrad. zepiri sityva Seqmnilia mudmivi ganuwyveteli qmnadobisaTvis, droSi da sivrceSi cvalebadobisaTvis. anonimuroba folkloruli teqstis anonimur xasiaTs ramdenime mizezi ganapirobebs. pirvel rigSi, unda iTqvas, rom anonimuroba ar niSnavs imas, rom folklorul nawarmoebs saerTod ar hyolia avtori. cnobili folkloristi vl. propi wers: `literaturaTmcodneobis tradiciebis skolaSi aRzrdilT Cven xSirad verc ki warmogvidgenia, rom poeturi nawarmoebi SeiZleba sxvagvarad warmoiSvas, vidre literaturuli Txzuleba individualuri avtorobisas. Cven sulmudam gvgonia, rom is viRacam pirvelma unda SeTxzas. Tumca SesaZlebelia sruliad gansxvavebuli xerxebi poeturi nawarmoebebis warmoqmnisa, da maTi Seswavla folkloristikis erT-erTi ZiriTadi da uZnelesi problemaa... 11
- Page 1 and 2: ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilis
- Page 3 and 4: winasityva vidre adamiani Tavis naf
- Page 5 and 6: Tanamedrove folklori mxolod mxolod
- Page 7 and 8: misi pirvelSemqmneli am sityvaSi, r
- Page 9: mxolod imgvari erTianoba, romelic w
- Page 13 and 14: gamokveTilad, imgvari formiT, rogor
- Page 15 and 16: a aris tradicia? tradicia (gadmocem
- Page 17 and 18: mowesrigebisaken. folkloris Janruli
- Page 19 and 20: piruku _ mxolod variantebis saxiT a
- Page 21 and 22: ac Seexeba koleqtiurobas da tradici
- Page 23 and 24: kompetencias, magram misi dRevandla
- Page 25 and 26: iseve udevs safuZvlad xalxur ritual
- Page 27 and 28: mudmiv molodinSia, zepirsityviereba
- Page 29 and 30: dReebamde. ama Tu im xalxis damwerl
- Page 31 and 32: samyaros sityvieri suraTia, misi si
- Page 33 and 34: adamiansa da RmerTs Soris. msxverpl
- Page 35 and 36: miTosi miwier samoTxeze farTod aris
- Page 37 and 38: saistorio Txzulebas `istoriani da a
- Page 39 and 40: igiveobrivni arian ara mxolod iremi
- Page 41 and 42: kultis daarsebis miTosi am wris teq
- Page 43 and 44: oCiauri 1939: oCiauri aleqsi, xevsu
- Page 45 and 46: drois dinebisgan gariyvas `kalevala
- Page 47 and 48: kavSirSi ar arian stumrobis ZiriTad
- Page 49 and 50: erTi safexuriT amaRldes, saboloo ga
- Page 51 and 52: 2. gamstumrebeli. misi moqmedebis w
- Page 53 and 54: morCilebiT, udrtvinvelobiT, yvela a
- Page 55 and 56: qristianuli esqatologiis merve dRe,
- Page 57 and 58: cxovrebisTvis, Tavad ki ganudgnen a
- Page 59 and 60: mimarTac moraluri kategoriebis miye
atom icvleba, Tu icvleba, vis SeuZlia misi Secvla, an roca qmnis<br />
adamiani, risi ZaliT da visi saxeliT qmnis imas, rasac qmnis.<br />
folkloruli Semoqmedebis specifika<br />
(arsebiTi niSnebi)<br />
es niSnebi erTmaneTisagan gamomdinarea, anu TiToeuli maTgani<br />
mizezic aris da Sedegic. magram isic unda iTqvas, da es mTavaria, rom<br />
yovel maTgans TviTkmari da damoukidebeli Rirebuleba aqvs <strong>folklori</strong>s<br />
gansazRvraSi, ramdenadac TiToeulSi Cans xalxuri Semoqmedebis bunebis<br />
mTeli sisavse.<br />
gavrcelebis zepiri forma<br />
es aris yvelaze TvalsaCino niSani folkloruli Semoqmedebisa,<br />
rac mis erT-erT saxelwodebaSic aris asaxuli: "zepirsityviereba".<br />
namdvilad, xalxuri Semoqmedeba zepirsityvieria, rogorc warmoSobiT,<br />
aseve gavrcelebis formiT: iqmneba zepirad da vrceldeba zepirad. es<br />
aris am zogadi niSnis ori aspeqti. zepirsityvieri teqsti SeiZleba<br />
Cawerili iqnas, magram es ar iqneba misi arsebobis bunebrivi forma (aris<br />
gamonaklisi: xalxuri epitafia, romelic mxolod da mxolod qvaze<br />
amokveTili saxiT arsebobs. es, ra Tqma unda, mxolod damwerlobis<br />
kulturaSia SesaZlebeli). mTeli damwerlobamdeli periodis sityvieri<br />
Semoqmedeba, romlis dasabami uxsovrobaSi ikargeba, zepiri saxiT<br />
gadaecema Taobidan Taobas uwyveti modenilobiT da ganagrZobs<br />
arsebobas wignuri civilizaciebis xanaSic da werilobiT saxesac iRebs,<br />
Tumca xalxuri sityvieri Semoqmedeba mxolod mosasmenad aris<br />
gamiznuli, rac garkveul daRs asvams mas. es qmnis mis Tavisebur<br />
poetikas, sakmaod gansxvavebuls wignuri Semoqmedebisgan, romelic<br />
sakiTxavad aris gamiznuli. gansxvaveba smenasa da kiTxvas Soris ar aris<br />
mxolod teqnikuri xasiaTisa. arsebobs smeniTi kultura am fenomenis<br />
(smenis) Taviseburebidan gamomdinare, da arsebobs kiTxviTi kultura,<br />
xedvis fenomenis Taviseburebidan gamomdinare. <strong>folklori</strong> ZiriTadad<br />
yuria, wigni (literatura) _ Tvali. grigol robaqiZe erTgan wers:<br />
"akakis leqsSi "yuria" meti, vidre "Tvali". amiT _ `yur~ sityviT mwerali<br />
akakis SemoqmedebaSi xalxur zepirsityvier stiqias aRniSnavs. "Tvali<br />
naklebia akakis leqsSi, ganagrZobs avtori, rogorc saerTod qarTul<br />
poeziaSi". amiT mas surs Tqvas, rom <strong>qarTuli</strong> wignuri poezia<br />
mniSvnelovanwilad nasazrdoebia xalxuri poeziiT.<br />
yurTasmenis prioriteti TvalTaxedvis mimarT udamwerlobo epoqaSi<br />
niSandobliv gamoxatulebas poulobs aedebisa Tu rafsodebis<br />
(mgosnebis) sibrmavis fenomenSi. maTi klasikuri magaliTi da<br />
warmomadgeneli homerosia, romlis poemaSi ("odiseaSi") aseve brma aedebi<br />
monawileoben _ demodoke da femiosi. brmebi iyvnen iaponeli moxetiale<br />
bivaboZuebi (biva-boZu), romlebic simebiani instrumentis (`biva”)<br />
akompanimentze asrulebdnen TavianT repertuars. maTi sibrmave qmediTi<br />
faqtoria rogorc zepiri SemoqmedebisTvis, aseve raime ambis zepir<br />
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