saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo ...
saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo ...
saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo ...
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`makbeti~, luiji pirandelos `henri IV~, anton Cexovis<br />
`alublis baRi~, `platonovi~.<br />
maestros ar ucdia msaxioboba. is swavlob<strong>da</strong> iuridiul<br />
fakultetze milanis universitetSi <strong>da</strong><br />
apireb<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mnaSaveTa advokatobas. is ambob<strong>da</strong>, rom<br />
es profesia Zalian axlos iyo TeatrTan.<br />
j. streleri gar<strong>da</strong>icvala luganoSi, Sveicaria-<br />
Si. mis <strong>da</strong>krZalvas milanSi mosaxleobisa <strong>da</strong> politikosebis<br />
didi nawili <strong>da</strong>eswro. misi ferfli aris triestes<br />
sasaflaoze.<br />
misi saopero <strong>da</strong> Teatraluri <strong>da</strong>dgmebia: mocartis<br />
`figaros qorwineba~ 1973 <strong>da</strong> 1980 wels, `jadosnuri<br />
fleita~ (1974 w.), `don Juani~ (1987 w.), verdis<br />
`falstafi~ (1980 w.), `makbeti~ (1975 w.), beThovenis `fidelio~<br />
(1969 w.), u. Seqspiris `riCard II~ (1948 w.), `koriolanosi~<br />
(1957 w.), `mefe liri~ (1972 w.), `iulius keisari~<br />
(1953 w.), `qariSxali~ (1978 w.), garsia lorkas<br />
`bernar<strong>da</strong> albas saxli~ (1955 w.), strindbergis<br />
`Stormi~ (1980 w.), diurenmantis `moxuci qalbatonis<br />
viziti~ (1960 w.), brextis `samgroSiani opera~ (1956 w.),<br />
`seCuaneli keTili a<strong>da</strong>miani~ (ganaxorciela sami<br />
<strong>da</strong>dgma 1958 w., 1981 w., 1996 w.) `galileo galilei~ (1963<br />
w) <strong>da</strong> sxva.<br />
speqtakli `arlekini, ori batonis msaxuri~<br />
rogorc ukve aRvniSne, aris komedia del artes cocxali<br />
nimuSi. niRbebis komedia karlo goldonma literaturulad<br />
<strong>da</strong>amuSava <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xvewa. jorjo strelerma<br />
ki is aRadgina, xorci Seasxa <strong>da</strong> mayurebels<br />
warudgina. warmodgena TamaSdeba sagangebod mowyobil<br />
ficarnagze, rogorc es xdebo<strong>da</strong> aRorZinebis<br />
epoqaSi. msaxiobebi, romlebic ama Tu im epizodSi ar<br />
iyvnen <strong>da</strong>kavebulni, iqve, ficarnagis gverdiT isxdnen<br />
<strong>da</strong> uyurebdnen sanaxaobas. speqtakls hyav<strong>da</strong> aseve<br />
reJisori. komedia del artes yvela <strong>da</strong>ss hyav<strong>da</strong> xelmZRvaneli,<br />
romelic, rogorc wesi, yvelaze<br />
gamocdili msaxiobi iyo. is artistebs miTiTebebs<br />
aZlev<strong>da</strong>. maTgan xmis paTetikur <strong>da</strong> Zlier tons moiTxov<strong>da</strong>.<br />
niRbebis komediis saxalxo warmodgenebs uamravi<br />
mayurebeli eswrebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> maT yvelaferi un<strong>da</strong><br />
gaegonaT. moxuci reJisori yoveli moqmedebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sawyisSi scenis win ganlagebul sanTlebs anTeb<strong>da</strong>.<br />
es iyo imdroindeli rampis gansaxiereba. sanaxaobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sawyisisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>sasrulis scena italiuri niRbebis<br />
komedii<strong>da</strong>naa aRebuli. rogorc renesansis epoqaSi,<br />
axlac <strong>da</strong>si JriamuliTa <strong>da</strong> wreze sirbiliT acnobs<br />
mayurbels Tavs. wris SuaSi dgas mowiTalo feriT<br />
mosili pantalone, rogorc warCinebuli. pantalones<br />
niRabi komedia del arteSi maRal socialur fenas<br />
miekuTvneba.<br />
dekoracias warmoadgens tiloze <strong>da</strong>xatuli moqmedebis<br />
adgili. aris sami far<strong>da</strong>. fardebze pantalones<br />
saxlis, sastumrosa <strong>da</strong> samzareulos suraTebia<br />
gamosaxuli. scenebis mixedviT msaxiobebi Tavad cvlian<br />
moqmedebis adgils. italiuri niRbebis komediis<br />
moxetiale artistebs ar SeeZloT bevri ramis Tan<br />
tareba.<br />
speqtaklSi aseve aris sasimRero nomrebi, romelTac<br />
msaxiobebi asruleben. es elementi <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli<br />
iyo aRorZinebis epoqis TeatrisTvis. am periodSi<br />
moqmedebebs Soris Casmuli iyo patara intermediebi<br />
an sacekvao <strong>da</strong> sasimRero nomrebi. es mayurebels <strong>da</strong>svenebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> modunebis saSualebas aZlev<strong>da</strong>.<br />
musikaluri gaformeba cocxlad sruldeba scenaze.<br />
komedia del artes <strong>da</strong>sSi aucileblad iyvnen musikosebi.<br />
calke aRniSvnis Rirsia msaxiobebis kostiumebi:<br />
pantalonebi, kamzolebi, samkuTxa qudebi, fuSfuSa<br />
kabebi, korsetebi _ renesansis epoqaze migvaniSneben.<br />
reJisors arc spqtaklSi mayureblis CarTvis Sesa-<br />
Zleboba ar gamouricxavs niRbebis komedii<strong>da</strong>n. <strong>da</strong>sis<br />
wevrebi qarTulad mogvmarTavdnen mayurebels,<br />
akeTebdnen Sefasebebs <strong>da</strong> es <strong>da</strong>mswre sazogadoebis<br />
ovaciebs iwvev<strong>da</strong>.<br />
calke saubris Temaa msaxiobTa ostatoba. saku-<br />
Tari TvaliT rom ar menaxa, albaT ar <strong>da</strong>vijerebdi,<br />
rom am xnis a<strong>da</strong>mians SeeZlo ase eTamaSa. arlekini mTeli<br />
speqtaklis ganmavlobaSi <strong>da</strong>qris, <strong>da</strong>xtis, miwaze<br />
goravs. misi amocanaa SimSilis <strong>da</strong>Zleva. STambeW<strong>da</strong>via<br />
gaxsnili werilis puris namceciT <strong>da</strong>beWdvis scena.<br />
did qaRaldSi gaxveuli namcecebi <strong>da</strong>mSeuls eylapeba.<br />
SimSilis miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad, is ar kargavs romantikul<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulebas smeraldinas mimarT <strong>da</strong> cdilobs<br />
misi gulis mogebas. arlekini mimarTavs lacis<br />
xerxs, roca is TamaSobs inglisuri pudingiT. msaxiobis<br />
araCveulebrivi plastikis nimuSia flamingos ileTebi,<br />
romelTac is erTdroulad orive batonis<br />
winaSe asrulebs. <strong>da</strong>Zabuli situaciis amgvari gamoxatva<br />
<strong>da</strong> ganmuxtva maxvilgonivrulia.<br />
arlekini <strong>da</strong>scinis Tavis sasowarkveTil baton<br />
florindos. is sasowarkveTil SeyvarebulTa niRabs<br />
warmoadgens. komikuria kidev erTi mijnuris, silvios<br />
saxe. viTom gmiri, sinamdvileSi mx<strong>da</strong>lia <strong>da</strong> qalis kal-<br />
Tas afarebs Tavs. mis xasiaTs xazs usvams qudze <strong>da</strong>m-<br />
agrebuli bumbuli, romelic winaa gaSverili <strong>da</strong> rqis<br />
iluzias qmnis. es frTa TamaSdeba koridis scenaSi.<br />
TiTo speqtaklis TamaSi did energias moiTxovs.<br />
feruCo soleri ginesis wignis rekordsmenia am rolis<br />
TamaSis raodenobis mixedviT. misi <strong>da</strong>uSreteli<br />
energiiT Tavad j. streleric moxibluli <strong>da</strong> gaocebuli<br />
iyo. maestro Tvli<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> marTalic iyo, rom rac<br />
ufro wlebi ematebo<strong>da</strong> feruCo soleris, miT ufro<br />
axalgazr<strong>da</strong>vdebo<strong>da</strong> arlekini. es, marTlac, Zalian<br />
saintereso fenomenia <strong>da</strong> amis axsna artistis profesionalizmSi<br />
<strong>da</strong> mis sulier axalgazrdobaSia. roca<br />
amdeni xnis manZilze aseT varjiSs gadixar, sibere mxolod<br />
garegnul xasiaTs iRebs.<br />
warmodgenam erTi amosunTqviT, laRad <strong>da</strong> sxartad<br />
Caiara. italiuri niRbebis warmogenebisTvis es<br />
erT-erTi mTavari principi iyo. es speqtakli italiis<br />
erT-erTi savizito baraTia. komedia del artes<br />
nimuSs warmoadgens. niRbebis komediaze saubrisas<br />
ukve es speqtakli moiazreba. isRa <strong>da</strong>gvrCenia SevZaxoT:<br />
BRAVO MAESTRO.<br />
mocekvave Rrublebi<br />
`Tbilisis saerTaSoriso festivalis~ fargleb-<br />
Si, erevnis mozard mayurebelTa <strong>saxelmwifo</strong> Teatrma<br />
warmoadgina antikuri periodis berZeni dramaturgis,<br />
aristofanes komedia `Rrublebi~. aristofane<br />
Zveli atikuri komediis warmomadgeneli iyo. es piesa<br />
pirvelad iTamaSes did dioniseebze Zv. w. 423 wels.<br />
sazogadoeba aRfrTovanebiT ar Sexv<strong>da</strong> am nawarmoebs<br />
<strong>da</strong> poeti did dioniseebze gamarTul agonebSi <strong>da</strong>marcx<strong>da</strong>.<br />
speqtakli ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d qoreografiazea agebuli <strong>da</strong><br />
es elementi yvelaze karga<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>muSavebuli mTel<br />
speqtaklSi. CemTvis gansakuTrebiT <strong>da</strong>samaxsovrebeli<br />
iyo roialze <strong>da</strong>kvris imitirebuli scena. skamebze<br />
msxdomi msaxiobebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva notis gaJRerebisas<br />
fexze dgebian. isini faqtobrivad roialis mJRer<br />
nawilebs warmoadgenen.<br />
scenis didi nawili `safiqreTis~ Senobas ukavia.<br />
mas scenis <strong>da</strong>rCenili nawili<strong>da</strong>n moxatuli far<strong>da</strong><br />
gamoyofs. far<strong>da</strong>ze berZeni filosofosebi arian gamosaxulni.<br />
TiToeulis Tavis adgili amoWrilia <strong>da</strong><br />
es niSnavs, rom nebismiers SeuZlia <strong>da</strong>ikavos maTi adgili<br />
<strong>da</strong> sibrZnes eziaros. zogierTi maTgani Tav<strong>da</strong>yiraa<br />
<strong>da</strong>xatuli. es miniSnebaa, rom sibrZni<strong>da</strong>n<br />
sigiJemde erTi nabijia.<br />
saintereso iyo sokrates saxe. is ufro politikuri<br />
partiis liders TamaSobs, vidre sibrZnis moyvaruls.<br />
mas aqvs Tavisi tribuna, romelic sinamdvileSi<br />
did yulabas warmoadgens. is yidis Tavis codnas.<br />
musikaluri gaformeba erTferovania. mTel moqmedebas<br />
erTi musikaluri nawarmoebi gasdevs. Tumca<br />
msurs aRvniSno, rom am melodias didi zemoqmedebi-<br />
Ti Zala aqvs.<br />
speqtaklSi ar iyo piesiseuli fabula. warmodgenaSi<br />
mTavar gmirebad sokrate <strong>da</strong> stepsiade arian<br />
gamoyvanili. reJisorma ubralod, erTi brZeni<br />
gviCvena, xolo stepsiades, filipidesa <strong>da</strong> maTi mevaleebis<br />
ambavi mTlianad ugulebelyo. ambavi<br />
speqtaklSi ar TamaSdeba. amitomac is ar Sedga. scenebi<br />
ar qmnian erT mTlianobas. cota gaugebaria, rogor<br />
moxv<strong>da</strong> aseTi speqtakli festivlis programaSi, ori<br />
hamletisa <strong>da</strong> streleris gverdiT.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad amisa, <strong>da</strong>mswre sazogadoeba kargad<br />
gaerTo. somxurma aqcentma <strong>da</strong> sityvebma miizi<strong>da</strong> mayureblis<br />
yuradReba <strong>da</strong> mTeli speqtaklis ganmavlobaSi,<br />
<strong>da</strong>rbazSi fxukun-sicili ismo<strong>da</strong>. sicil-kiskisi<br />
kargia, magram uazro araferi ar varga. somxur intonaciebze<br />
gamokideba <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>cinva Cveni problemaa<br />
<strong>da</strong> ara im Teatris an msaxiobebis.<br />
speqtakli ar Sedga. mas ar hqon<strong>da</strong> mTliani Zafi,<br />
romelzec yvela komponenti aisxmebo<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> mSvenier<br />
mZivs Seqmni<strong>da</strong> speqtaklis saxiT. imedia, erevnis<br />
mozard mayurebelTa <strong>saxelmwifo</strong> Teatri momaval<br />
wels festivlis Sesaferisi donis speqtakliT wardgeba<br />
mayureblis winaSe.<br />
БДТ TbilisSi<br />
`Tbilisis saerTaSoriso festivals~ peterburgi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
giorgi tovstonogovis saxelobis didi dramatul<br />
Teatri ewvia. Temur CxeiZem qarTvel mayurebels<br />
gansaxilvelad <strong>da</strong> Casafiqreblad maikl<br />
freinis piesa `kopenhageni~ warudgina.<br />
cota ram Teatris Sesaxeb: peterburgis didi dramatuli<br />
Teatri gaixsna 1919 wlis 15 Tebervals f. Sileris<br />
tragediiT `don karlosi~. Tavi<strong>da</strong>n es Teatri<br />
speqtaklebs konservatoriis saopero studiis<br />
scenaze marTav<strong>da</strong>. 1920 wels Teatri ga<strong>da</strong>vi<strong>da</strong> yofili<br />
saimperatoro mcire dramatuli Teatris SenobaSi.<br />
1964 wels mas akademiuri Teatris statusi mieniWa. 1970<br />
wels gaixsna mcire scena. 1918 wlis Semodgomaze Te-<br />
#2 (57) 26 oqtomberi 2010 weli<br />
atrebis saqmeTa komisarma, maria andreevam gamosca<br />
brZaneba `gansakuTrebuli dramatuli <strong>da</strong>sis~ _<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n ase erqva Teatrs _ Seqmnisa. es <strong>da</strong>si aqcents<br />
klasikur, romantikul repertuarze akeTeb<strong>da</strong>. idgmebo<strong>da</strong>:<br />
`otelo~, `mefe liri~, `meTormete Rame~, `rui<br />
blazi~, `yaCaRebi~... mogvianebiT maT germaneli<br />
eqspresionistebis dramebsac <strong>da</strong>uTmes dro. es Teatri<br />
aerTianeb<strong>da</strong> or <strong>da</strong>ss, tragediis Teatrs _ iuri<br />
iurievis xelmZRvanelobiT <strong>da</strong> mxatvruli dramis Teatrs<br />
_ andrei lavrentievis xelmZRvanelobiT. Teatris<br />
samxatvro xelmZRvaneli iyo andrei lavrentievi,<br />
Tavmjdomare aleqsandre bloki. maria andreeva<br />
Tavis meuRle maqsim gorkisTan erTad <strong>da</strong> anatoli<br />
lunaCarski _ ganaTlebis komisari _ aqtiurad<br />
iyvnen CarTulni Teatris marTvaSi. 1932 wels Teatrs<br />
maqsim gorkis saxeli mieniWa <strong>da</strong> gax<strong>da</strong> `gorkis didi<br />
dramatuli Teatri~. 1992 wels misi saxeli Seicvala<br />
<strong>da</strong> gax<strong>da</strong> giorgi tovstonogovis saxelobisa. didi<br />
qarTveli reJisori am TeatrSi 1956-1989 wlamde, gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebamde,<br />
muSaob<strong>da</strong>. g. tovstonogovis Semdeg<br />
<strong>da</strong>ss kiril lavrovi Caudga saTaveSi, 2007 wli<strong>da</strong>n ki<br />
Teatris saWeTmpyrobeli Temur CxeiZea.<br />
Temur CxeiZis reJisura gamoirCeva a<strong>da</strong>mianis sulis<br />
siRrmiseuli wvdomiT. is minimalisturi xerxebiT<br />
giforiaqebs suls <strong>da</strong> bevr kiTxvas giCens. es<br />
speqtakli saTamaSod kamerul sivrces moiTxovs <strong>da</strong><br />
rogorc Tavad reJisormac gangvimarta, _ bdt-Si<br />
mxolod parteris bileTebs yidian am speqtaklze.<br />
TviTon maikl freinis piesa meore msoflio omis Temas<br />
exmianeba <strong>da</strong> realur faqtebs eyrdnoba. mTavari<br />
gmirebi, fizikosebi: nilz bori, misi meuRle margarita<br />
bori <strong>da</strong> verner heizenbergi arian. verner heizenbergi<br />
atomur iaraRze muSaob<strong>da</strong> nacisti germanelebisTvis.<br />
is adre TanamSromlob<strong>da</strong> n. borTan atomur<br />
kvlevebze <strong>da</strong> iyo misi mowafe.<br />
speqtaklis dekoracia ekuTvnis gogi aleqsi-mesxiSvils.<br />
scenografiaSi gamoyenebulia formula<br />
E=mc 2 . mas iyenebdnen atomis kvlevebSi. E aris energia,<br />
m _ masa, xolo c _ sinaTlis siswrafe vakuumSi.<br />
pirveli moqmedebis <strong>da</strong>wyebamde kedelze es formula<br />
yvelas interess iwvevs. meore moqmedebis win ki Cndeba<br />
warwera, romelic aRwers atomuri afeTqebiT<br />
gamowveul saSinelebebs. TviTon es tixari, romelic<br />
fardis rols asrulebs, magonebs konstantine<br />
stanislavskiseul meoTxe kedels. misi Semoqmedebi-<br />
Ti kredo xom cxovrebiseuli simarTlis Cveneba iyo.<br />
mayurebeli un<strong>da</strong> gamx<strong>da</strong>riyo moqmedi pirebis cxovrebis<br />
mowme. es kedeli finalSi wreze moZraobs <strong>da</strong> masze<br />
Cans atomuri afeTqebis Sedegad gaCenili kvamlisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> mtvris soko. scenaze aseve dgas cilindris magvari<br />
sveti. mas raRac meore oTaxis <strong>da</strong>niSnuleba aqvs.<br />
msaxiobTa kostumebi muq tonalobebSia ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetili.<br />
Talxi ferebi 1941 wlis ganwyobasa <strong>da</strong> atmosferos<br />
gadmoscemen.<br />
speqtakli moralur <strong>da</strong> pirovnul Widilzea.<br />
maTematika <strong>da</strong> fizika ubralo <strong>da</strong>matebiTi elementebia.<br />
mxatvruli ga<strong>da</strong>wyveta ukve <strong>da</strong>sawyisSi aCens intrigas.<br />
moqmedi gmirebi ukve gar<strong>da</strong>cvalebis Semdeg<br />
TamaSoben am ambavs. dro yvelas <strong>da</strong> yvelafers Tavis<br />
adgils uCens. gar<strong>da</strong>cvlilebs aRar asamarTleben.<br />
Tumca rogorc, <strong>da</strong>niel defo ityo<strong>da</strong>, sikvdili cocxal<br />
aramza<strong>da</strong>s mkv<strong>da</strong>r aramza<strong>da</strong>d aqcevso.<br />
speqtakli Sinagani dinamikiT aris ganmsWvaluli.<br />
erTi SexedviT statikuri speqtakli did Sinagan muxts<br />
atarebs. mTeli <strong>da</strong>tvirTva msaxiobebze modis. es momentic<br />
<strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia Temur CxeiZisTvis. misi amosavali<br />
wertili aris msaxiobi.<br />
samsaxiobo ostatoba maRal profesiul doneze<br />
dgas. ismis maTi naTqvami TiToeuli sityva. ostatoba<br />
rusuli Teatraluri skolisa <strong>da</strong> tradiciebis <strong>da</strong>msaxurebaa.<br />
nilz bors warmoSobiT qarTveli, oleg basilaSvili<br />
TamaSaobs. Seikra qarTuli sameuli reJisoris,<br />
mxatvrisa <strong>da</strong> msaxiobis saxiT.<br />
Temur CxeiZis Teatri Rrmad fsiqologiuri <strong>da</strong><br />
SeiZleba filosofiuric kia. is mayurebels Tavisi<br />
sisa<strong>da</strong>viTa <strong>da</strong> uSualobiT xiblavs.<br />
<strong>da</strong>niis princi<br />
oskaras korSunovasis `hamletis~ Semdeg, yvela<br />
mouTmenlad elo<strong>da</strong> uiliam Seqspiris am tragediis<br />
eimuntas nekroSiusiseul originalur, ucxo <strong>da</strong> STambeW<strong>da</strong>v<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>wyvetas. mayurebelSi raRac sportuli<br />
Jinic ki SeimCneo<strong>da</strong>. romeli ajobeb<strong>da</strong>, korSunovasi<br />
Tu nekroSiusi. arCevani maTTvis <strong>da</strong> mkiTxvelisTvis<br />
mimindia.<br />
speqtakli originaluria Tavisi koncefciiT. mosazreba<br />
koncefciaze ekuTvnis axalgazr<strong>da</strong> reJisors<br />
rezo SatakiSvils <strong>da</strong> me absoluturad veTanxmebi mas.<br />
es gaazreba mdgomareobs SemdegSi: hamletis aCrdili<br />
glovobs Svilis <strong>da</strong>Rupvas. is acnobierebs Tavis <strong>da</strong>naSauls.<br />
swored man ubiZga Svils sabediswero<br />
nabijisken. <strong>da</strong>niis princis tragediis amgvari inter-<br />
5
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