dumadze IV tomi.indd - Dumbadze

66
Cemi rusTaveli
araferi ise ar amaxsovrdeba adamians, rogorc bavSvobisas
Zilispirs dedis mier Tqmuli zRapari, iavnana, wakiTxuli
leqsi, an ambavi rame.
albaT amaze fiqrma daawerina gogebaSvils ukvdavi `iavnanam
ra hqmna!?~ da albaT amis gamo vbedav me imis Tqmas, rasac
am werilSi Tu aRsarebaSi mogaxsenebT. me ar maxsovs, ramdeni
wlisas mikiTxavda deda `vefxistyaosans~, an odesme eTqvas
CemTvis, es adgili zepirad iswavleo. me maxsovs mxolod is,
rom maSin kiTxva ar vicodi da es uzarmazari wigni, `vefxistyaosani~
rom erqva, mxolod lamazi, ferad-feradi suraTebiT
gawyobili yuTi iyo CemTvis, romlidanac dedaCemi cisartyelasaviT
Wrel, lamaz sizmrebsa da Zilismomgvrel simRerebs
alagebda, miwyobda sasTumals da albaT isev dedis gamoa, rom
es lamazi ukvdavi wigni dRemde midevs sasTumals, rogorc:
avadmyofs _ wamali,
xeibars _ yavarjeni,
meomars _ iaraRi da mwerals qarTuli sityvis Tval-margalitiT
savse, auwoneli saunje da salaro.
me axlac mikvirs, wera-kiTxvis ucodinarma bavSvma rogor
viswavle yovelgvari Zaldatanebis gareSe zepirad:
aw sayvarelsa miuwers gul-amoskvnili, mtirali,
mismanve cremlman dauvsis, vis edebodis, vis, ali.
dawera wigni, msmenelTa gulisa gasagmirali,
vardi gaapis, gamoCndis mun broli gamomWvirali.
he, Cemo, ese ustari ars Cemgan monaRvawebi,
tani kalmad maqvs, kalami _ naRvelsa amonawebi,
me guli Seni qaRaldad gulsave Cemsa vawebi;
gulo, Sav-gulo, dabmulxar, nu aexsnebi, aw ebi!
aRarafers vambob `avTandilis anderZze~, romelic saerTod
Cem mier qveynad romelime leqsis Seqebis unaris miRma dgas.
cnobilia, rabindranat Tagoris leqsebs bengalieli werakiTxvis
ucodinari meTevzeebic ki mRerian, miuxedavad imisa,
67

om umravlesobas maTi Sinaarsi ar esmis, magram imdeni RvTiuri,
zeciuri musikaa Sig Caqsovili, imdeni siTbo da iseTi
sulSiCamwvdomi idumaleba, da yovelive amasTan erTad iseTi
gasaocari ubraloeba, rom leqsi TavisTavad mReris da visac
usaubria am bengaliel meTevzeebTan, amboben, rom meTevzeebi
irwmunebian, yvelaferi gvesmis, yvelafers vgrZnobT, ganvicdiT,
oRond ver vambobTo, da me mjera maTi...
aba, naxeT, gana SeiZleba qveynad iyos rame amaze gasagebi,
amaze ubralo, amaze sada, lamazi da genialuri?!
iyo arabeTs rostevan, mefe RmrTisagan sviani,
maRali, uxvi, mdabali, laSqar-mravali, ymiani,
mosamarTle da mowyale, morWmuli, gangebiani,
TviT meomari uebro, kvla moubari wyliani.
ase umartivesi, ubralo da gansacvifreblad sada akordebiT
iwyeba beThovenis `mTvaris sonatac~ da `apasionatac~, rasac
Semdeg mosdevs aboboqrebuli, yovlis uzenaesi, sulisa da gulis
damduRebeli da wamlekavi okeanis movardna da moqceva...
erTi ram aris friad sagulisxmo: Zveli qarTulis araspecialistTaTvis,
iseve ubralo mokvdavTaTvis, rogoric me var
da mravali qarTvelia, araTu meTormete-mecamete saukunis
qar Tuli ena, aramed gacilebiT ufro gviandelic ki TiTqmis
gaugebaria leqsikonis gareSe. maS, raRaSia saqme, ratom aris
`vefxistyaosani~ ase gasagebi (ra Tqma unda, me aq ar vgulisxmob
calkeul detalebs, gamoTqmebsa da Rrmad filosofiur
azrebs. vgulisxmob mxolod enas da nawarmoebis struqturas)
yvela qarTvelisaTvis, dawyebuli guTnisdedidan, an TuSi
mwyem sidan, vidre atomuri reaqtoris maRalkvalificiuri in-
JinrisaTvis?
saqme isaa, rom albaT rusTaveli iyo pirveli qarTveli
mwe rali, romelic mixvda, rom mxolod xalxs SeuZlia misces
ukvdaveba literaturul qmnilebas, rom xelovneba mxolod
xalxis sakuTrebaa, rom mxolod xalxia ganmsjeli literaturuli
qmnilebis avkargianobisa da mxolod xalxs Seu-
Zlia Seunaxos STamomavlobas sityva winaprisa. da man pirvelma
mweralTa, poetTa, moSaireTa Soris saqarTveloSi dawera
Tavisi genialuri qmnileba xalxis enaze, saero enaze, da sas-
worze dado sakuTari literaturuli karierac, keTildReobaca
da Semoqmedebac.
da Tu Tvals gadavavlebT saukuneebis manZilze `vefxistyaosnis~
garSemo Seqmnil polemikas da brZolas mis winaaRmdeg,
erT-erTi mTavari braldeba rusTavelis mimarT swored
is gaxlavT, rom misi nawarmoebi saeroa da ara sasuliero,
ara mxolod samefo sasaxlis, etiketis, tradiciis enaze dawerili.
amitom sulac ar aris gasakviri, Tu ratom iqna uaryofili
Tavis droze `vefxistyaosani~. gana amis gamo ar uaryo
Tavis droze konservatulma inglisma kacobriobis siamaye Seqspiri,
romelmac literaturaSi xalxis, demosis `bazruli~
salaparako ena Semoitana?! da sayovelTao sakuTrebad, xalxis
sakuTrebad aqcia Tavisi genialuri qmnilebani?!
aq ormxriv urTierTgamdidrebasa, gadarCenasa da gaukvdavebasTan
gvaqvs saqme. ise, rogorc rusTavelma da Seqspirma
ukvdavyves TavianTi ena da xalxi, ise ukvdavyo xalxma da enam
maTi saxelebi. gana ase ar moiqca qarTvel ganmanaTlebelTa
jgufi ilias, akakis, gogebaSvilis, vaJas da sxvaTa saxiT,
romlebmac, arc meti, arc naklebi, gadagvarebas gadaarCines
qarTveli eri da ena misi ixsnes im konservatizmisagan, romelic
elis yvela eris enas, romelic cdilobs xelovnurad
Seaferxos is bunebrivi procesebi, romlebic Tan sdevs kacobriobis
ganviTarebas, sxvadasxva civilizaciisa da eris Tanam-
Sromlobasa da urTierTobas.
erT-erT Sexvedraze, romelic amas winaT moskovSi Catarda,
aseTi SekiTxva momces:
_ rogoria roli `vefxistyaosnisa~ Tanamedrove qarTuli
literaturis ganviTarebasa da, saerTod, saqarTvelos sulier
cxovrebaSi?
_ nawarmoebis Sefasebas, romelic ager rva saukunis man-
Zilze aZlevs sulier sazrdos saqarTvelos, da vin icis,
kvlav ramden saukunes iqneba igi Cemi eris sulieri saunje,
amis axsnas, ara mgonia, Cveni dRevandeli Sexvedris dro eyos,
da marto es dro ki ara, mTeli Cemi sicocxlec ki. da Tu Tqven
me giyvarvarT, Tu gjeraT Cemi, da Tu mTvliT mwerlad, romlis
sityvas raime fasi aqvs TqvenTvis, Tqven patiosan sityvaze
unda mendoT, da unda damijeroT, rom msgavsi ram kacobriobas
jer ar Seuqmnia. es aris mze, romelic jerjerobiT, saube-
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durod, saqarTvelos caze brunavs mxolod. da me gulwrfelad
mecodeba da ubedurad mimaCnia is kaci, romelsac qarTulad
ar waukiTxavs `vefxistyaosani~, iseve, rogorc Tqven, da
mec, ra Tqma unda, gvecodeba da ubedurad migvaCnia is kaci,
romelsac puSkini ar waukiTxavs rusulad. _ ase vupasuxe da
momeCvena, rom maT damijeres.
kidev erTi Tvisebis gamo uyvars xalxs `vefxistyaosani~.
Tu `vefxistyaosani~ ar ici, Znelad dagijerebs vinme, rom qar-
Tveli xar da am mxriv igi saocrad `amarTlebs~ sakuTar sentencias
imis Sesaxeb, rom `SiSi Seiqms siyvarulsa~. es, ra Tqma
unda, xumrobaa.
CemSi yovelTvis gancvifrebas iwvevda `vefxistyaosnis~
`prologi~. Tavisi genialobiT, yovlismomcvelobiT, gancvifrebas
iwvevda misi sasaubro toniT, paTetikiT, sibrZniT, ganwyobilebiT,
paradoqsuli, erTi SexedviT, araTanmimdevruli
idumali striqonebiT, gansacvifreblad uSualo msjelobebiT,
albaT sayovelTaod cnobili, gansakuTrebiT dReisaTvis,
faqtebis da WeSmaritebis konstataciiT, an mxolod
rusTavelisa da kidev viRac erTisTvis Tu ramdenime kacisaTvis
cnobili faqtebis da detalebis axsna-ganmartebiT, da kidev
imiT, rom rogor SeiZleboda aseTi prologi hqonoda nawarmoebs,
romelic jer ar iyo Seqmnili?! d a m e mivxvdi, rom
prologi aris Taviseburi `kodi~, romelic maSin
mxolod prologis adresatsa da zogierT mis wamkiTxvels
unda gaego. amitom mas yovelmxriv unda
kvleva da ganWvreta.
da, ha, mivadeqi saTqmels. arasodes eWvi ar Semparvia
imaSi, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ `prologi~ misive avtoris dawerilia,
magram imis amocnoba mudam mawvalebda da mainteresebda,
rodis da ratom daiwera `vefxistyaosnis~ `prologi~ da
aris Tu ara igi saerTod `prologi~ `vefxistyaosnisa~, Tu
aris sul sxva ram?!
am werilma SeiZleba undo, skeptikuri da ironiuli Rimili
gamoiwvios specialistTa Soris, magram ar vCivi, me am werils
polemikis wesiT ar vaqveyneb, arc raime mecnieruli kvlevisa
da naSromis pretenziiT, igi mxolod da mxolod Cemi intuiciiT
nakarnaxebi mosazrebaa da Tu aqvs amqveynad arsebobis
ufleba, mxolod da mxolod rogorc hipoTezas. dro iyo, ada-
mianebs swvavdnen imis gamo, rom maT dedamiwa mrgvali egonaT,
magram, madloba RmerTs, axla sxva droa da adamianebs amis-
Tvis ar wvaven. miT umetes, ratom unda davaxrCoT dRes kaci,
romelsac dedamiwa mTlad mrgvali ar hgonia?!
maS, ase!
rodis da ratom daiwera `vefxistyaosnis~ `prologi~.
aq gamoTqmuli Cemi mosazrebebi mxolod `vefxistyaosnis~
`prologs~ exeba, amitom maT dasasabuTeblad mxolod da
mxolod imiT vixelmZRvaneleb, rac TviT `vefxistyaosnis~
`prologSi~ weria.
dRes aRar aris sadavo, rom `vefxistyaosani~ Tamaris epoqaSia
dawerili. `vefxistyaosnis~ calkeulma fragmentebma
Tu xelnawerebma (isic dazianebuli saxiT), rogorc es dRes
garkveulia, Cvenamde mxolod XV-XVI saukunidan moaRwies.
gamodis rom, sami Tu oTxi saukunis manZilze igi ugzo-uk vlod
iyo dakarguli. zemoT TqmulTan erTad momdevno saukuneebSi
`vefxistyaosnis~ garSemo amtydari egzom didi kamaTi da davidaraba
mafiqrebinebs, rom `vefxistyaosani~ SoTas sicocxleSive
iqna dagmobili da uaryofili, rogorc mavne, saero,
amoraluri, arasaRvTo da mefis karisaTvis Seuferebeli
nawarmoebi _ sasaxlis aristokratiis da, SesaZlebelia, TviT
Tamarisa da mefe daviTis mierac ki, ra Tqma unda, klerikaluri
eklesiis gavleniTa da dabezRebiT, romelTac bolomde
ver gaSifres poemis Rrma filosofiuri azrebi.
unda vivaraudoT, rom, yvela sikeTesTan erTad, TviT avtoric
gankicxul da gaZevebul iqna sasaxlis karidan.
Tu im sakiTxebis, debulebebisa da cnebebis mixedviT vimsjelebT,
romlebsac aSuqebs, icavs da amtkicebs rusTaveli
`prologSi~, advili misaxvedria, rom mas bralad edeboda:
1. mruSobisa da siZvis apologia;
2. leqsisa da Sairis dogmebis darRveva;
3. uRmerToba.
da kidev erTi yvelaze didi braldeba: nacvlad imisa, rom
nawarmoebi unda yofiliyo qebaTa qeba Tamarisa da daviTisa
_ aris ucxo ambavi, romelSic Tamari da daviTi araTu xotbaSesxmuli
(vgulisxmob TviT poemas), aramed naxsenebic ki ar
arian.
swored am samma Tu oTxma braldebam, ra Tqma unda, imasTan
70 71

erTad, rom `vefxistyaosani~ saero eniT iyo dawerili, ganapiroba
misi uaryofa. xolo is faqti, rom `vefxistyaosani~
ase zepirad Semoinaxa qarTvelma xalxma da Tavad rusTvelis
Tqmisa ar iyos, xelixelsagogmanebi gaxda, garda imisa, rom
saero eniT iyo dawerili, albaT im faqtmac ganapiroba, rom
igi akrZaluli iyo da kacobriobisaTvis ar aris ucxo ltolva
adamianisa akrZaluli xilisaken.
Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, `prologi~ daiwera mas Semdeg, rac
`vefxistyaosani~ uaryofil, dagmobil, dawunebul iqna da
daiwera ara rogorc `prologi~ da mxolod `moZRvreba Sairobasa
da mijnurobaze~, aramed rogorc, Tu Tanamedrove terminologias
gamoviyenebT, ganmarteba, saCivari, braldebulis
saboloo sityva da vedreba. misi adresatia, RmerTis garda,
an TviT Tamari, an mefe daviTi, an orive erTad, an kidev viRac
mesame uzenaes xelisufalTa uaxloesi da maT Semdeg ganusazRvrel
uflebaTa mqone adamiani, romelsac SeuZlia uaryofili
nawarmoebisa da avtoris bedis gadawyveta.
`prologi~ dawerilia, Tu aqac Tanamedrove termins vixmarT,
im `Jiuris~, im xalxTa wris, `fraqciis~ Tu dajgufebis
winaaRmdeg, romelTac `daasmines~ rusTaveli sasaxlis karze,
gaaSaves, gawires da gaanadgures.
rusTaveli winaswar grZnobs, Tu ra did ZalasTan mouwevs
SeWideba da, rogorc wesi, `brZolis~ win RmerTs axsenebs,
meore strofSi ki pirdapir evedreba mas:
he, RmerTo erTo, Sen Sehqmen saxe yovlisa tanisa,
Sen damifare, Zleva mec daTrgunvad me satanisa!
momec mijnurTa survili, sikvdimde gasatanisa,
codvaTa Semsubuqeba, mun Tana wasatanisa.
es strofic hgavs erTi wakiTxviT RmerTisadmi mimarTul
tradiciul Txovnas, rom satanisgan damifareo, im satanisagan,
romelmac Tavis droze adami da eva Seacdina, magram aq
rusTaveli mxolod mfarvelobas ki ara, satanis daTrgunvis
Zalas Txovs RmerTs da es `satana~ swored is Zalaa, romelic,
iseve rogorc yovel adamians, niadag ebrZvis mas.
mesame strofis saerTo azri aseTia: loms, romelsac Tamaris
Subisa da faris xmareba Svenis, mas arc ki vici, rogori
xotba Sevkadro.
mis mWvretels, misdami tkbileulis (anu yandis) mirTmeva
mmarTebso.
SoTas Subi da far-SimSeri xatovnad aqvs naTqvami, igi gadataniTi
mniSvnelobiT samefo xmals, mefis statuss niSnavs.
raRa Tqma unda, rodesac Tamari Tavis qmars, daviTs
salaSqrod uSvebda, sakuTar, uzenaes, SeuzRudav uflebebs
aniWebda. ase magaliTad: `laSqrobda daviT brZanebiTa da
gamorCeviTa Tamar suealeqsandrianisaÁTa~... an: basianis brZolis
win `mivida Tamar varZias, varZiisa RmrTismSoblisa winaSe
da cremliT Sevedria daviT da spa misi; da droSa misi sviani
da bednierad myofi gagzavna varZiiT~.
amrigad strofi:
`vis Svenis? _ lomsa, _ xmareba Subisa far-SimSerisa mefisa
mzis Tamarisa~... _ imas ki ar niSnavs, rom daviTi mefe
Tamaris lomia, aramed imas, rom loms, anu daviTs Svenis Tamaris
far-SimSeris, anu samefo saWurvlis, Zalauflebis (vimeoreb,
mxolod brZolis dros) xmareba, tareba. SoTasac xom ase
uweria: yovelgvari CarTuli winadadebebis gareSe, martivad
da gasagebad.
vis hSvenis, _ lomsa, _ xmareba Subisa, far-SimSerisa,
mefisa mzis Tamarisa, Rawv-balaxS, Tma giSerisa.
mas, ara vici, Sevhkadro Sesxma xotbisa Serisa?
misTa mWvretelTa yandisa mirTma xams, marT miSerisa.
mesame strofis meoTxe taepi cotaTi moulodnelia, aseTi
epiTetebis Semdeg loms, mefes, farisa da xmlis matarebels,
da mefis gvirgviniT TavdamSvenebul vaJkacs uceb raRac yandi
unda mierTvas. magram Tu am strofs da, saerTod, `prologs~
im TvaliTa da ganwyobilebiT wavikiTxavT, rogoriTac
me vkiTxulob, yvelaferi mzesaviT naTeli gaxdeba, kerZod _
Tamaris loms, romelsac Tamaris xmlisa da faris xmareba Svenis,
romelic arc ki vici, rogori xotbis Rirsia, mis mWvretels
aseTi mwuxare, sasmenad mware ambis, Semawuxebeli ambis,
saCivris mitana ki ara, tkbilis, yandis mirTmeva (aRmosavluri
`Tavazas~ mixedviT), anu tkbili ambis moyola mmarTebso.
xolo meoTxe strofSi rusTaveli dabejiTebiT amtkicebs,
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om mTeli `vefxistyaosani~ man mxolod da mxolod Tamaris
mSvenierebis STagonebiT Seqmna:
Tamars vaqebdeT mefesa, sisxlisa creml-daTxeuli,
vTqveni qebani visni me ar-avad gamorCeuli,
melnad vixmare giSris tba da kalmad me na rxeuli,
vinca isminos, daesvas laxvari gulsa xeuli.
cxadia, es strofi Tavis marTlebaa im braldebisagan,
TiTqos `vefxistyaosanSi~ ar iyos Tamaris qeba.
mexuTe strofSi rusTaveli yovelgvari mikibul-mokibuli
laparakis gareSe wers:
mibrZanes maTad saqebrad Tqma leqsebisa tkbilisa,
qeba warbTa da wamwamTa, TmaTa da bage-kbilisa,
brol-balaxSisa Tlilisa, mis mijriT miwyobilisa,
gastexs qvasaca magarsa grdemli tyviisa lbilisa.
ese igi, mibrZanes, anu mTxoves, damavales Tamaris qeba
leqsad meTqvao.
rogorc mexuTe strofis meoTxe taepidan irkveva, rusTavels
didxans sTxovdnen daewera qebaTa qeba Tamarisa l eqsad.
me xazs vusvam sityvas _ leqsad. da igi didxans yofila uarzed,
Semdeg ki, rogorc iqna, daTanxmebula da aki wers kidevac
`gastexs qvasaca magarsa, grdemli tyviisa lbilisa~.
rogorc Cans, sul bolos rusTavelisaTvis TviT Tamars
uTxovia, an daviTs. amitom dasWirda rusTavels es genialuri
metafora, romelic, sxvaTa Soris, identuria taepisa:
gvelsa xvreliT amoiyvans ena tkbilad moubari.
mogexsenebaT, yvelaze magar qvas dedamiwaze, almass, yvelaze
rbili liToniT, tyviis uroebiT amuSaveben, raTa waxnagebi
ar dauzianon. rusTavels swored amis Tqma unda am metaforiT.
uari ar gamovida, gamtexa bolos brZanebam, Txovnam
da davTanxmdio.
mxolod ase unda wavikiTxoT mexuTe strofi, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi igi Cveulebriv xalxur leqss daemsgavseboda, sa-
dac wina or taeps araviTari logikuri kavSiri ara aqvs momdevno
orTan. amiT rusTaveli Zalian moridebiT ambobs, rom
me Cemi nebiT ar damiweria es nawarmoebi, Tqveni surviliTa da
nebiT davwereo.
meeqvse da meSvide strofebi kvlav RmerTisadmia mimarTuli
da rusTaveli kvlav Sewevnas sTxovs ufals, `vefxistyaosnis~
dacvis saqmeSi.
mecxre strofi, romelic faqtiurad meSvide strofis
meore naxevridan iwyeba, `davje, rusTvelman gavleqse~... gadasagdebad
da `vefxistyaosnidan~ amosaRebad ki ara, me mTeli
`vefxistyaosnis~ gasaRebad mimaCnia da amitom masze ufro
vrclad SevCerdebi.
`ese ambavi sparsuli~ rom ara sparsul ambavs, aramed sparsul
siuJetur qargas niSnavs, yvelasaTvis cnobili da gasagebia,
radgan im droisaTvis mTel aRmosavleTSi da, kerZod, wina
aziaSi ambis Txrobis ramdenime modeli arsebobda, erT-erTi
maTgani aseTi iyo, _ nadirobis dros monadireni naxavdnen
ucxo moymes, an ucxo ram warweras, an waawydebodnen viRacis
kvals, gamoekidebodnen mas da Semdgom amisa iwyeboda gmirTa
Tavgadasavali. da ase iyo ara mxolod literaturaSi, aramed
musikaSic, aRmosavleTSi arsebobda da axlac arsebobs ramdenime
musikaluri muRami da TiTqmis yvela danarCeni melodiebi
am muRamebis variaciebia, am muRamebSi trialeben. amitom
gvanan aRmosavluri simRerebi ase erTmaneTs, magram aravis azradac
ar mosvlia esa Tu is simRera sxva romelime simReridan
gadmoweril, moparul an nasesxeb simRerad CaeTvala, ase rom
`sparsuli ambavi~ swored erT-erTi aseTi literaturuli mu-
Rami, anu modelia.
dRemde gaugebrobas iwvevs momdevno taepi:
vpove da leqsad gardavTqvi, saqme vqmen saWoWmanebi...
me mudam mancvifrebda es taepi da kidev erTi ram: raSia
saqme? vin aukrZala rusTavels leqsis wera? aki TviTon ambobs:
`mibrZanes maTad saqebrad Tqma leqsebisa tkbilisa~? an ratom
Caidina man, rusTavelma, saWoWmanebi saqme Tundac imiT, rom
galeqsa manamde prozad naTqvami ambavi. gana Targmnili ar iyo
im dros qarTulad `visramiani~? an Tundac Targmna maSin gana
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akrZaluli iyo? an risTvis, an visTvis sWirdeboda rusTavels
mokle da grZeli Sairis dapirispireba? erTi mxriv, qeba da
dideba mokle Sairisa, meore mxriv ki, erTi SexedviT, yovelive
amis gverdiT, yovelgvar logikas moklebulia meTormete
strofidan vidre meTvrametemde gauTavebeli mtkiceba grZeli
Sairis upiratesobisa?
saqme isaa, rom imdroindel saqarTveloSi grZeli leqsi,
grZeli Sairi, ambavi, istoria da romani leqsad araTu ar
iwereboda, saerTod ar arsebobda da ucxo iyo qarTuli literaturisaTvis.
da es imdenad bunebrivi iyo, rom TviT `visramianic~
ki, romelic dedanSi leqsadaa warmodgenili, prozad
gaxldaT `naTargmanebi~. is faqti, rom qarTul literaturaSi
rusTavelamde poema ar arsebobs, ar aris SemTxveviTi.
saqarTvelosaTvisac da rusTvelisTvisac `vefxistyaosani~
pirveli qarTuli poemaa. ai, ratom Caidina Turme rusTavelma
saWoWmanebi saqme. ai, risi SiSi aqvs mas, SiSi, romelic,
Cvenda saubedurod, gamarTlda. rusTaveli `vefxistyaosniT~
saqarTveloSi axal literaturul Janrs amkvidrebda, igi novatoria,
axali literaturuli Janris Semomtani, damnergavi,
Semqmneli da ar aris gasakviri, rom mas, iseve rogorc yvela
novators, yvela epoqasa da yvela droSi ebrZodnen da ukan
eweodnen. am strofis da taepis mxolod ase wakiTxvis Semdeg
gaxda CemTvis naTeli da gasagebi, adre aseve gaugebari da bundovani
taepi:
Cemman xel-mqmnelman dammarTos laRman da lamazma nebi.
es strofi im opoziciis winaaRmdeg aris mimarTuli,
romelmac rusTavels es saqme danaSaulad CauTvala, magram
rusTaveli ar Rebulobs maTgan braldebas maTi arakompetenturobisa
gamo, igi mxolod Tamarisagan, anu misi xelmqmnelisagan,
moiTxovs sasjels, igi mxolod mis nebas daemorCileba
da moiqceva ise, rogorc Tamaris neba iqneba, anu
rogorc Tamars eneboso.
ai, es strofic Tavidan bolomde:
ese ambavi sparsuli, qarTulad naTargmanebi,
viT margaliti oboli, xeli-xel sagogmanebi,
vpove da leqsad gardavTqvi, saqme vqmen saWoWmanebi,
Cemman xel-mqmnelman dammarTos laRman da lamazma nebi.
rac Seexeba merve strofs, aranakleb sainteresoa, vidre
mecxre. rusTaveli am strofSi aSkarad Civis uzenaesTan, rom
igi, rusTaveli, xelobiT, anu siSmagiT amitom sCadis am saqmes
da imitom xelobs imisaTvis, visac jari spaTa hmorCilebs, anu
imitom awuxebs mas, rom dauZlurda amden brZolaSi, misTvis,
gamijnurebulisTvis wamali arsiT ari, da man, anu Tamarma, an
misces gankurneba, ese igi, an uSvelos, an moklas, daamiwos da
daasamaros misive xeliT.
me, rusTveli xelobiTa viqm saqmesa ama dari;
vis morCilobs jari spaTa, misTvis vxelob, misTvis mkvdari,
davuZlurdi, mijnurTaTvis kvla wamali arsiT ari,
anu momces gankurneba, anu miwa me samari.
sxvaTa Soris, pirveli taepis bolo fraza, Cemi azriT,
ama dari araviTar licencias ar warmoadgens sityvisas
ama darsa. es gadamweris ubralo Secdomaa da igi ase unda
ikiTxebodes _ amad ari, anu _ (amitom) da Tu am taeps ase
wavikiTxavT, yvelaferi gasagebi gaxdeba.
me, rusTveli, xelobiTa viqm saqmesa amad ari, anu: me rusTveli
xelobiTa, siSmagiTa amitom viqm saqmeso.
meaTe strofi `prologSi~ aris vedrebis apoTeozi, es gaxlavT
mze Camqrali, ganwiruli, gaubedurebuli, gaZevebuli,
upatronod darCenili da mefe liriviT yvelasagan mitovebuli
kacis godeba.
TvalTa misgan unaTloTa enatramca axlad Cena;
aha, guli gamijnurda, mixvdomia velTa rbena!
miajeT vin, xorcTa dawva kmaris, misces sulTa lxena.
samTa ferTa saqebelTa lamis leqsTa unda vlena.
ese igi, Cems Tvalebs misgan, Tamarisagan, anu misi uyuradRebobisagan
sinaTledakargulebs, moenatraT (enatramca) da ara
inatron, axlad Cena, anu kvlav axela, sinaTlis dabruneba.
aha, gamijnurebul, anu gaSmagebul guls velad gaWra xvdomia
76 77

wilad. meajeT vinme, vinmem Semiwyalos, gamomeqomagos! makmaros
xorcTa dawva da misces suls Cemsas lxena! droa Cems
samxmovan simReras (aq an samebaa nagulisxmebi, an tarieli,
fridoni da avTandili), himns, sagalobels Tavisi adgili miuCinos,
anu gamoavlinos misi Rirsebao. aq v lena mowodebas
ki ara, gamovlenas, gamoCenas gulisxmobs.
da yovelive es Tu ase araa, rogorc me vkiTxulob, maSin
gaugebaria, ram aiZula rusTaveli mijnurobisa da Sairobis
moZRvrebis, traqtatis werisas aseT dReSi Cavardniliyo, an
aseTi tanjva-vaeba da mwuxareba vin miayena mas SemoqmedebiTs
procesSi? raSia saqme? marto am werilis kiTxvisas ki
ara, `prologis~ da saerTod `vefxistyaosnis~ kiTxvisas kidev
erTi ram aris gasaTvaliswinebeli _ sityva mijnurs rusTaveli
ase ganmartavs:
_ mijnuri _ Smagsa gviqvian arabuliTa eniTao, _ amitom
zogan, sadac mijnuri weria, Smagi unda vigulisxmoT, xolo
zogan piriqiT, Smagis magier _ mijnuri. aseT SemTxvevaSic
bevri ram ufro martivi da ioli gasagebi gaxdeba.
prologis meTerTmete strofi savsea sarkazmiT im `arakompetenturi
Jiuris~ mimarT, romelmac uaryo misi nawarmoebi.
rogorc Cans, maSinac SehyavdaT `JiuriSi~ araspecialistebi,
magram Tanamdebobis pirebi. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom
igi swored im arakompetentur pirebs gulisxmobs muSakebsa
da meomrebSi.
swored amis gamo wers rusTaveli:
raca vis ra bedman misces, dasjerdes da mas ubnobdes:
muSa miwyiv muSakobdes, meomari gulovnobdes;
kvla mijnursa mijnuroba uyvardes da gamoscnobdes,
arca visgan daiwunos, arca sxvasa uwunobdes.
ese igi, RmerTma yvelas Tavisi saqme miuCina da rac bedma
misca, imiT dakmayofildes, muSa mudam muSakobdes, meomari
gulovnobdes, mijnuri mijnurobas atyobdes sxva gamijnurebuls,
anu mijnuri sxva mijnurs scnobdes, pativs scemdeso,
arc sxvisagan iqnes dawunebuli da sxvasac nu dauwunebs, anu
sxva, saqmis aramcodnes ar misces ufleba misi profesia dauwunos
da sxvasac nu dauwunebs imas, rac Tavad ar icis da ar
esmiso. Tavs sasacilo mdgomareobaSi nu Caigdebso. sxvanairad
rom vTqvaT, strofis azria: leqsis wera Cemi saqmea da Tqven,
sxvebi, iseT saqmeSi, rac ar iciT, nu ereviTo.
`vefxistyaosnis~ `prologSi~ rusTaveli aSkarad dascinis
imaT, visac monawileoba miuRia `vefxistyaosnis~ ganqiqebaSi,
an rame ukeTuri dascdeniaT mis winaaRmdeg. igi daundoblad
dascinis imaTac, visac ucdia Tavisi nacodvilari Seedarebina
an daepirispirebina `vefxistyaosnisaTvis~.
moSaire ara hqvian, Tu sadme Tqvas erTi, ori;
Tavi yola nu hgonia meleqseTa kargTa swori;
ganaRa Tqvas erTi, ori, umsgavso da Sori-Sori,
magra ityvis: `Cemi sjobso~, uciloblobs viTa jori.
da sxva uamravi.
ukve mogaxseneT da kvlav SegaxsenebT, meTormete strofidan
iwyeba apologia grZeli Sairisa da igi grZeldeba vidre me-
Tvramete strofamde, da es sWirdeba rusTavels ara imisTvis,
rom damwyeb poetebs Tu ymawvil moleqseebs aswavlos grZeli
da mokle Sairis raoba, weris teqnika, ritmi, riTmi da dinamika
(moZRvreba Tu gnebavT, ase unda iyos, Torem Sairis sigrZeze
da simokleze laparaki ra moZRvrebaa). ara, igi amkvidrebs qar-
TulSi axal Janrs, poemas da amiT amarTlebs im s aWoWmano
saqmes, romelic erT-erT mZime braldebad wauyenes mas.
mecxramete strofi sul calke dgas `prologSi~. igi erTgvari
ganmeoreba da gamoZaxilia meoTxe strofisa `Tamars
vaqebdeT mefesa sisxlisa creml-daTxeuli, vTqveni qebani
visni me ar-avad gamorCeuli...~ da mas gasakuTrebuli azri
da mniSvneloba eniWeba, Tu erT friad sayuradRebo detals
gavixsenebT `vefxistyaosnis~ xelnawerebis istoriidan:
`anton kaTalikoss Tavis gramatikaSi moyvanili yavs citati,
rogorc nimuSi amaRlebuli maRalfardovani stilisa.
antoni iqve miuTiTebs, rom mas es citati auRia `werilTagan
SoTasTa, romel aRwera cxovrebaÁ mefis Tamarisa~.
Tu es marTlac marTalia, maSin ar aris gamoricxuli, rom
SoTa meoTxe strofSic, da gansakuTrebiT ki mecxrameteSi,
swored im naSroms, mis mier daweril Tamaris qebaTa qebas, istorias
gulisxmobs, romelic adre dauweria mas prozad da
78 79

ara leqsad, romelic xelT hqonia odesRac anton kaTalikoss
da romelic amJamad dakargulia Cvenda saubedurod.
Cemi aw caniT yovelman, mas vaqeb, vinca miqia;
ese miCs didad saxelad, ar Tavi gamiqiqia!
igia Cemi sicocxle, uwyalo viTa jiqia;
misi saxeli SefarviT qvemore miTqvams, miqia.
anu _ SeityveT yvelam, rom am poemaSi kvlav vaqeb imas, vinc
adre miqia, da miqia ise, rom Tavi ar Semircxvenia, rac did
saxelad mimaCnia. da rac Seexeba im braldebas, TiTqos Tamars
ar vaqebde, tyuilia, radgan, vinc guldasmiT waikiTxavs Cems
nawarmoebs, mixvdeba, rom misi saxeli qvemore, anu poemaSi SefarviT
maqvs naTqvami da vaqebo.
da marTlac, nestan-darejani viRa aris, Tu ara Tamari? an
TinaTini viRa aris, Tu ara Tamari?
me mgoni, yvelaferi kvlav mzesaviT naTeli xdeba.
meoce strofidan rusTaveli iwyebs da bolo strofamde
cdilobs misadmi wayenebul yvelaze mZime danaSaulis gaba-
Tilebas, kerZod, im braldebisas, rom `vefxistyaosani~ aris
Txzuleba mruSobasa da siZvaze. rogorc Cans, rusTavelis
epoqaSi da cotaTi mogvianebiTac saqarTveloSi sityva ` mijnuri~
gaigivebuli iyo s iZvasTan, meZaveobasTan, iseve,
rogorc sityva bozi (lamazi) dRemde meZavis sinonimia CvenSi.
albaT amitom dasWirda rusTavels, umecarTaTvis araTu aexsna,
raa mijnuroba, aramed leqsikonuri ganmartebac ki mieca
am sityvisa:
`mijnuri Smagsa gviqvian arabulisa eniTa~-o.
albaT amiTve aixsneba is faqti, rom meoce strofidan vidre
bolomde, rusTaveli ase TavgamodebiT icavs, ganmartavs da
amtkicebs, rom:
mijnuroba aris turfa, sacodnelad Zneli gvari;
mijnuroba sxva ramea, ar siZvisa dasadari;
igi sxvaa, siZva sxvaa, Sua uzis didi zRvari.
nuvin garevT erTmanerTsa! gesmis Cemi naubari?
gulubryviloba iqneboda Cvengan imis fiqri, rom rusTaveli
qarTvel xalxs da mkiTxvels umizezod ganumartavda mijnurobis
arss. Tu arada, maSin unda vifiqroT (RmerTma daifaros),
rom mTeli saqarTvelo SoTas dros siZvisa da mruSobis Waob-
Si iyo Cafluli da igi muxlze dacemuli da xelapyrobili
evedreba maT:
igi sxvaa, siZva sxvaa, Sua uzis didi zRvari,
nuvin garevT erTmanerTsa! gesmas Cemi naubari?
eWvs gareSea, rom SoTa amas swored imaT eubneba, vinc `vefxistyaosani~
mruSobisa da garyvnilebis apologiad monaTla.
zemoTac vTqvi da vimeoreb, mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos
`vefxistyaosnis~ prologi moZRvrebaa mxolod Sairobasa da
mijnurobaze _ swori ar gaxlavT. es funqcia da Sinaarsi mas
mxolod madlieri STamomavlobis mier daekisra da `dabralda~
misi, anu prologisa da TviT poemis aRmoCenisa da aRiarebis
Semdeg, da `dabralda~ sruliad damsaxurebulad, radgan mar-
Tlac Znelia warmoidginos adamianma ufro genialuri, ufro
amaRlebuli moZRvreba leqsisa da mijnurobis Sesaxeb.
amrigad:
Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, `vefxistyaosnis~ `prologi~ anu `dasawyisi~,
sul bolos, anu mas Semdeg daiwera, rac `vefxistyaosani~
uaryofil, dagmobil da gankicxul iqna da daiwera
ara rogorc dasawyisi, Sesavali, winasityvaoba, prologi an
moZRvreba Sairobasa da mijnurobaze, aramed daiwera rogorc
camde marTali, magram mainc braldebuli kacis saboloo sityva,
klerikaluri eklesiisa da samefo karis gonebadaxSul
moxeleTa, karieristTa da farisevelTa mier Seucnobeli, an
gangeb Seucnobeli geniosis, udidesi xelovanis, novatoris
RaRadisi uzenaesis winaSe. aseve Rrmad var darwmunebuli, rom
swored es gaxldaT mizezi rusTavelis palestinaSi gadaxvewisa.
swored amitom aris igi muxlmodrekili da cisken xelapyrobilad
gamosaxuli jvris monastris kedelze, viTarca
udides codvaTa monaniebis mTxovneli.
da Tu marTla codva ram hqonda Cadenili did rusTavels,
dae, Seundos RmerTma!
Tumca ra aqvs Sesandobari, rodesac kacobriobis gaCenis
80 6. n. dumbaZe, t. IV
81

dRidan arc RmerTisTvis, arc siyvarulisTvis, arc megobrobisTvis,
arc vaJkacobisTvis, arc qalisTvis, arc kacisTvis,
arc mzisTvis, arc cisTvis, arc dedamiwisTvis aseTi didebuli
himni jer aravis ar umReria!
P. S. minda Cemma daRlilma mkiTxvelma isic icodes, rom
vidre am werilis daweras gavbedavdi, uamravi literatura
gadavikiTxe `vefxistyaosnis~ garSemo dawerili, uamravi Rame
gavaTene uZilod da bolos gadavwyvite, es Cemi nafiqrali
mainc meTqva misTvis. aseve bevri fiqris Semdeg gadavwyvite,
arc erTi wyaro da sxvisi azri ar damemowmebina Cemi azris
gansamtkiceblad, miuxedavad imisa, rom bevri maTgani cotaTi
mainc uaxlovdeba Cems mosazrebas da amagrebs Cems poziciebs.
jer erTi imitom, rom es azri damebada ufro adre, vidre specialur
literaturas gavecnobodi, xolo meore, amiT kidev
erTxel mindoda xazi gamesva im garemoebisaTvis, rom, Tu vinmes
rame ainteresebs `vefxistyaosnisa~ da misi avtoris garSemo,
yvelaze ukeT TviT `vefxistyaosansa~ da mis `prologSi~ weria.
Cveni saunje
roca rusTavelis, ilias, akakis, vaJas, nikoloz baraTaSvilis,
galaktionisa da goglas RvTaebriv leqsebs vkiTxulob,
gasakviria, magram sul mudam lado asaTianis erTi ubralo
leqsis striqonebi magondeba:
kavkasiis mTebSi gagaCina zenam,
xmaTa xaverdebis da RmerTebis enav.
xolo rodesac saqarTvelos istorias vkiTxulob, qar-
Tlis cxovrebas vkiTxulob da qarTul taZarTa nangrevebze
saWreTliT amoqargul CuqurTmasa da asoebs veWidebi wasakiTxad,
irakli abaSiZis didebuli leqsi magondeba:
qvesknelSi mZromo,
caSi mWvretelo,
xan _ funjo Cemo, xan _ saWreTelo,
Sen, akvnis himno,
cremlo samaris...
iberis enav,
enav Tamaris...
Sen, niWo Cemo,
srbolav da frenav,
dedao enav, dedao enav!
dedaenas ki, raki deda hqvia, maxsovroba aRar sWirdeba,
Tu kaci xar da ara pirutyvi _ ena dedaa Seni da mudam unda
gaxsovdes, unda ukvdavyo igi, rogorc SegiZlia da riTac SegiZlia.
es ambavi moyolili maqvs, magram erTxelac movyvebi, radgan
misi aq moyola ufro upriania.
Cems ojaxSi erTi uZvirfasesi wigni _ relikvia inaxeboda,
es wigni gogebaSvilis `dedaena~ gaxldaT, `dedaena~, romli-
Tac Cemi deda swavlobda da romelsac me mikiTxavda bavSvobaSi,
vidre skolaSi wavidodi. imitom ki ara, rom `dedaenis~
gaWirveba iyo Cvens ojaxSi, ara, igi Selocvili akvaniviT gadadioda
Taobidan TaobaSi da ise gacrecili, furcel-fur-
82 83