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By Sarthak gupta
X-B
25

English
Bio sketch of APJ Abdul Kalam
The complete name of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is Avul Pakir Jainulabudeen Abdul Kalam. He was born on 15 October 1931 t
o Jainulabudeen, a Tamil Muslim boat owner and Ashiamma, a housewife, at Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu. His family was
poor and he had to do assorted jobs to supplement family's income. He completed his schooling from the Schwartz
Matriculation School at Ramanathapuram. He then went on to attend the Saint Joseph's College at Tiruchirappalli. He
completed his graduation in Physics in 1954 and then moved on to Madras to study aerospace engineering. After graduating
from Madras Institute of Technology in 1960, Kalam joined Aeronautical Development Establishment of Defence Research
and Development Organisation as a scientist. In1969, Kalam was transferred to the ISRO where he was the project director
of India's first indigenous SLV-III which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near earth's orbit in July 1980. His
research and educational leadership brought him great laurels and prestige in the 1980s, which prompted the government
to initiate an advanced missile programme under his directorship. Kalam was the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime
Minister, and the Secretary of Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999. Kalam
played a major part in developing many missiles under the mission including Agni. Kalam served as the 11th President of
India from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007. Kalam was the third President of India to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna,
before becoming the President. During his term as President, he was affectionately known as the People's President.
He gave many motivational quotes :–
“Motivational sources should lie within yourself then no one can stop you from achieving your goal.”
“ the best work required more ability than I possessed and therefore I needed help that only God could give me. I
made true estimate of my own ability, then raised it 5o% and put myself in God’s hands.”
“Thinking should become your capital asset, no matter whatever ups and downs you come across in your life.

• Values
“I inherited honesty and self-discipline from my father and from my mother, I inherited faith in goodness and deep kindness”
• Practicing vegetarianism
• Teetotalism
• Patriotism
•Secularism
Ethics
In APJ Abdul Kalam Virtue Ethics Theory is more functional.
•Individual characters ethics- Gratitude, courage, self-discipline, reliability, kindness, caring, and sincerity.
•Work characters ethics- Honesty, creativity, trustworthy, coworker appreciation, task competition, empathy, cooperativeness,
supportiveness, and tolerance.
• Professional character ethics- Self-regulation, trust, independence of judgment, collegiality, and impartiality.
•Imbibe of learning
•Total commitment is not just hard work, it is total involvement.
•To succeed in your mission, you must have single-minded devotion to your goal. Individuals like myself are often called workaholics.
•To put the heart and soul into the mission.
•Your willingness to use your inner resources to invest your life, especially your imagination, will bring you success.

MATHS
Role of BMI in one’s life
Traditionally, a person’s fatness has been defined at a personal level as well as at a societal level. However, this is difficult
to quantify. That is, each individual has his/her own perception of how fat he/she should be. this often depends on a
general concept of societal norms or is due to peer pressure. For example, in Western societies, young women are often
concerned about their body image, and most consider themselves to be too fat, even though they are well . This is not
only due to societal concepts of an ideal degree of fatness, but also due to thinness being a goal promulgated by the
fashion industry and reinforced by commercial advertising.
Among the Big Five personality traits, only conscientiousness showed a robust association with body weight, including
body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk. These results were robust to adjustments for family-fixed effects, which indicates
that the association between conscientiousness and body weight is generally not confounded by unobserved family-level
characteristics shared by siblings. A one-standard-deviation increase in conscientiousness was associated with a decrease in
BMI by 0.89 and a 12% reduction in the probability of being obese. This study also found some suggestive evidence of
gender and racial/ethnic differences. The association between conscientiousness and obesity was larger and statistically
significant only for women, and conscientiousness was most strongly associated with obesity among Hispanic people.
If your BMI is:-
• under 18.5kg/m 2 – you are considered underweight and possibly malnourished.
• 18.5 to 24.9kg/m 2 – you are within a healthy weight range for young and middle-aged adults.
• 25.0 to 29.9kg/m 2 – you are considered overweight.
• over 30kg/m 2 – you are considered obese.

Differences in BMI between individual adults of the same age and sex are
usually due to body fat, however there are many exceptions to this rule, which
is why a BMI figure may not always be accurate.
BMI calculations will overestimate the amount of body fat for:
• body builders
• some high-performance athletes
• pregnant women.
BMI calculations will underestimate the amount of body fat for:
• the elderly
• people with a physical disability, who are unable to walk and may have
muscle wasting.
BMI is also not an accurate indicator for people with:
• eating disorders like anorexia nervosa
• extreme obesity.

Science
impact of food on our personality
• Primarily the way we think and behave and this would include our intelligence and emotional quotients. A good body and a good mind often go
together.
• The development of the brain in the human being begins during the third week of pregnancy and goes on to develop to 90 percent of its adult volume
by age 6. Apart from the environmental inputs which have lasting effects on a person’s personality, good nutrition, balanced in both macro and micro
nutrients is of vital importance.
• When we talk about the cognitive abilities of a person, we refer to the attention, memory, thinking, learning and perception of that person.
• All of these in the years to come, go on to shape the skills and the general abilities of a person and have a direct relationship with a person’s
achievements, including access to better literacy, lifestyle, self esteem and self control
• a protein rich diet helps build muscles and stamina and a diet rich in carbohydrates creates a calming effect. In addition and equally important are
the micro nutrients in our diet.
• it has been established we need 0.8 grams of protein per day per kilo of body weight if we have an average lifestyle.
• Carbohydrates in addition to having a calming effect, provide energy and the usual recommended for healthy eating, is 225 to 325 grams per day,
again for the average person.
• The intake of both should be higher if one is involved in intensive manual or mental work since we burn more calories or less depending upon our
style of living.
• Despite the bad name they have earned carbohydrates are an essential part of nutrition.
• During digestion, sugars and starches are broken down into simple sugars and they then find their way into the bloodstream and we know them as
blood sugars.
• From there the glucose enters our body’s cells with the help of insulin. So whether it’s exercise or something as simple as moving the hand or even
breathing , it provides the energy for all the activities we do. Too much of it and it is converted to fat. At the same time, not all carbohydrates are
equal. It’s always recommended that those having a sedentary lifestyle choose carbohydrates that are rich in dietary fiber.

SST
Role of socity in personality development
• Socialization implies an individual’s inducting that charts out a process of
training to a child in order to make adjustments with society.
• The concept of socialization implies a process that makes an individual
capable to grow to be a member of society

IT
( digital health and wellness )
• Spending too much time using digital technologies can negatively impact the psychological, developmental,
social and physical health of children.
• “Multitasking is a huge risk factor for injury and death, for example texting while driving. But more broadly,
because it’s so easy to acquire so much information quickly, kids may not learn to think critically and
creatively because of the constant passive consumption of fragments of information and communication,”
• Negative effect of excessive use of digital devices is
1. Bad Posture, Back Aches, Neck and Shoulder Strain. It's an instantly recognisable silhouette: the figure
hunched over a device.
2. Eye Strain
3. Headaches
4. Stress
5. Physical Fatigue
6. Poor Sleep Patterns
7. Obesity

• Take your child for regular eye checks
A child’s vision is critical to their learning and development. Making regular checkups with an optometrist is essential. In the UK, all
children under the age of 16 are entitled to free sight tests with the NHS. Whilst a child can be seen at any age, they are most
typically tested in an opticians’ practice from around the ages of 3-4. Make sure you let the optometrist know about any family
history of eye or vision problems.
• When using a computer, place a light source behind you.
When you or your child is using a laptop or tablet, avoid placing a light source behind the screen, as your eyes will struggle to adjust
to the two competing light sources. Instead, place your lamp to the side or behind you to avoid discomfort and eye strain.
• Always sit at an arms’ distance away from your screen.
Sitting too close to a screen can cause discomfort, stress and strain on your eyes and can be a sign that your child is developing
short-sightedness or Myopia. To prevent this, always sit at least an arm’s length away from your screen. If you notice your child sits
closer and is displaying signs of eye discomfort, they may require some form of vision correction, and we would advise that you
book an appointment with your local optician.
• Every 20 minutes spent staring at a screen; spend 20 seconds looking at something 20ft away.
The 20/20/20 rule (for every 20 minutes spent on a digital device, spend 20 seconds looking at something 20 feet away) can be
difficult to monitor in children. Designating a specific time period for digital use with intermittent activities arranged between these
times will give your child’s eyes a break.

SPORTS
(Usain bolt’s biography)
• Usain Bolt is one of the world’s most celebrated sportsman with a record-breaking tally of nine gold medals at three consecutive
Olympics of 2008, 2012, and 2016. Bolt was gifted ever since he took up sprinting as a junior, but burst onto the World scene with a
seemingly effortless dominance of the 100m and 200m final at the Beijing Olympics. Bolt’s appeal has transcended sport, due to his
charismatic and laid-back approach. In a sport riddled with allegations of drug use, Bolt has retained a clear record, although he lost
one relay gold when a team-mate was retrospectively banned.
• Usain was born on 21 August 1986 in Sherwood Content, a small town in Trelawny, Jamaica. As a youngster he was mostly interested
in sports, spending time playing football, cricket and basketball. At one time he considered a career as a cricketer but, his natural talent
for sprinting shone through, and so he was encouraged to take sprinting more seriously. At 15 years old, Usain already towered over his
fellow competitors. Growing to a height of 6 foot 5 inches, Bolt showed a sprinter need not be short and powerful like previous
sprinting greats.
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In 2002, he won Gold at the World Junior Championships in the 200 metres. At this stage in his career, Usain appeared to give the
impression of being quite laid back. He didn’t lead an austere disciplined life but enjoyed dancing and the night-life of Kingston,
Jamaica. However, he was still training hard and won Gold at the World Youth Championship in the next year at 2003.
• In 2004, Bolt turned professional, under the guidance of new coach Fitz Coleman. He began his career with the CARIFTA Games in
Bermuda. He became the first junior sprinter to break 20 seconds for the 200 metres. By 2005, Usain had a new coach Glen Mills who
encouraged Usain to take a more professional approach and not just rely on his natural talent. Over the next few years, injury setbacks
curtailed his career, but, he was still able to climb the rankings.
• His big breakthrough came in the 2007 World Championships where he gained silver in the 200m and 4*100 metre relay. Bolt
established a new 100m world record on 31 May 2008. Pushed on by a tailwind of 1.7 m/s, Bolt ran 9.72 s at the Reebok Grand Prix
held at the Icahn Stadium in New York City, breaking Powell’s record