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TEORI SEDIAAN APOTEKER ITB - OKTOBER 2007/2008<br />

LIKUIDA<br />

Contoh<br />

- Surfaktan Non Ionik<br />

Gugus lipofilik<br />

Contoh<br />

- Surfaktan Amfoterik<br />

Contoh<br />

: Zehiran klorida, Setil trimetil amonium bromida.<br />

: non ionik (tidak bermuatan)<br />

: Tween-80, Span-80<br />

: Amonium Kwaterner<br />

‣ Berdasarkan HLB (Hidrophyl-Lipophyl-Balance)<br />

Klasifikasi fungsi surfaktan menurut HLB-nya (Martin, Alfred, Farmasi Fisik, ed.3, vol2,<br />

Jakarta, UI-Press,1993, 941)<br />

HLB<br />

Penggunaan<br />

1-3 Anti busa<br />

3-8 Emulgator emulsi air dalam minyak<br />

7-9 Zat pembasah (wetting agent)<br />

8-16 Emulgator emulsi minyak dalam air<br />

13-16 Detergen<br />

16-19 “Solubilizing agent” (meningkatkan kelarutan zat)<br />

Klasifikasi fungsi surfaktan menurut HLB-nya (The Pharmaceutical Codex, 12 th ed,<br />

London, The Pharmaceutical Press, 1994, hal 86)<br />

HLB<br />

Penggunaan<br />

1-3 Anti busa<br />

4-6 Emulgator emulsi air dalam minyak<br />

7-9 Zat pembasah (wetting agent)<br />

8-18 Emulgator emulsi minyak dalam air<br />

13-15 Detergen<br />

10-18 “Solubilizing agent” (meningkatkan kelarutan zat)<br />

Nilai HLB butuh beberapa minyak (Lachman hlm 516 tahun 1986)<br />

Minyak O/W Emulsion (Fluid) W/O Emulsion (Fluid)<br />

Cetyl alcohol 15 -<br />

Stearyl alcohol 14 -<br />

Stearic acid 15 -<br />

Lanolin anhydrous 10 8<br />

Mineral oil, light and heavy 12 -<br />

Cotton seed oil 10 5<br />

Pecidatum 12 5<br />

Beeswax 12 4<br />

Parafin wax 11 4<br />

Nb: Castrol oil (Codex,87) 14 -<br />

Nilai HLB butuh beberapa minyak (Martin, 1993, Physical Pharmacy, hal.372):<br />

Minyak o/w emulsion w/o emulsion<br />

Cottonseed oil<br />

Petrolatum<br />

Beeswax<br />

Paraffin wax<br />

Mineral oil<br />

Methyl silicone<br />

Lanolin, anhydrous<br />

Carnauba wax<br />

Lauryl alcohol<br />

Castor oil<br />

6-7<br />

8<br />

9-11<br />

10<br />

10-12<br />

11<br />

12-14<br />

12-14<br />

14<br />

14<br />

-<br />

-<br />

5<br />

4<br />

5-6<br />

-<br />

8<br />

-<br />

-<br />

-

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