sxvanairi wigni, gzavniliT: `daberde axalgazrdad - Litsakhelebi.ge
sxvanairi wigni, gzavniliT: `daberde axalgazrdad - Litsakhelebi.ge sxvanairi wigni, gzavniliT: `daberde axalgazrdad - Litsakhelebi.ge
76 SimSili da wyurvili da aseve survili, gyavdes megobrebi da iazrovno. survili bunebrivi, magram araaucilebeli - seqsualoba. da bolos, survili, arc bunebrivi da arc aucilebeli - anu miswrafeba didebisa da fufunebisadmi. survilTa Semcirebis meTodiT epikureizmi gvaTavisuflebs uamravi yalbi da fuWi moTxovnisagan. da mainc, yvelaze mniSvnelovani, epikures mixedviT, siamovneba- Si cxovrebaa, rasac Taviseburad dascinis sokrate da hedonists im frinvels adarebs, romelic uSualod Wamis dros skintlavs. markus avreliusis azriT, bednieri cxovreba ar aris sasiamovno cxovreba, siamovneba ar aris kriteriumi. sikeTe, anu survili keTil saqmeTa qmnisa, ai ra aris mTavari. “roca raime sevdas ggvris, - wers markus avreliusi, - gaixsene, rom amas Sen- Tvis ubedureba ki ar moaqvs, aramed bedniereba, Tuki SegiZlia amis Rirseulad atana. magram amisaTvis aucilebelia, miiRo sinamdvile iseTi, rogoric is aris mTeli Tavisi sisastikiT.” kanti aerTianebs am or mimdinareobas da “CveulebaTa metamorfozebSi” gvTavazobs, aRvasruloT keTili saqme stoicistebis energiiT da epikureseuli sicocxlis sixaruliT. montens, romelsac frangebi Tavis megobrad, axloblad, Tavisianad Tvlian, miaCnda, rom bedniereba ar aris iRbliani bedisa da warmatebebis jami, arc kargad cxovrebis xelovneba, aramed garkveuli ganwyoba bednierebisadmi da naTeli xedva, anu midrekileba sinaTlisadmi. mTeli sicocxle is eZebda ara bednierebas, aramed sinaTles, sicxades. bevri mkvlevaris azriT, Tanamedrove cxovrebas yvelaze metad esadageba spinozas filosofia. Sua, me-17 saukuneSi puritanuli kalvinizmisa da orTodoqsuli iudaizmis sapirispirod, am amsterdamelma filosofosma gamoigona cxovrebis sixarulis eTika, romelic dResac gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria. spinoza Tavidanve svams arsebiT ki- Txvas: Tu yvela sikeTe, romliskenac Cveulebriv miiswrfvis adamiani, efemeruli da myifea, ra aris maSin is “namdvili sikeTe”, anu namdvili Rirebuleba, romelsac SeuZlia gvaziaros gansakuTrebul, srulyofil da xangrZliv sixaruls? pasuxad is gvTavazobs: ukeT SevicnoT garemomcveli buneba da aseve adamianis buneba, anu misi Sinagani samyaro. am qveynad arsebobs erTaderTi samyaro, da es bunebaa. meore postulati adamianis mTlianobaa: goneba suli ki ar aris, aramed - sxeulis sindisi. da am erTiani individis arsi survilia. gansxvavebiT Sopenhauerisgan, romlisTvisac survili aris tanjvis sawyisi, froidisgan, romelic Tvlis, rom survilis dakmayofileba SeuZlebelia, spinoza aRwers survils, rogorc sicocxlis Zalas, yofierebaSi xangrZlivad darCenis mcdelobas. misTvis survili aris bunebrivi moZraoba sakuTari Tavis pativiscemisa da sicocxlis sixarulisken. imisTvis, rom miaRwio myar sixaruls, unda gaTavisuflde gamanadgurebeli vnebebisgan, (rogoric aris dRes fanatizmi), pasiuri survili aqcio aqtiurad, datvirTo is codniT da WeSmariti Tavisuflebis miRwevis wyurviliT. “sixarulis humanisturi eTika” gulisxmobs sakuTari sicocxlis flobas, gafurCqnul, megobrul da gonivrul arsebobas. demokratiuli da mSvidobiani sazogadoeba aris winapiroba pirovnebis bednieri arsebobisa. `adamiani, romelic mihyveba gonebas, ufro Tavisufalia sazogadoebaSi, sadac is cxovrobs, vidre martoobaSi, sadac is mxolod Tavis Tavs emorCileba.~ daskvna: survilebiT savse da bneli vnebebisgan ganTavisuflebuli adamiani aris Tavisufali adamiani, romelic mSvidad irgebs siamovnebebsa da sakuTar cxovrebas. es tkboba arsebobiT aris er- Tdroulad aqtiuri da metafizikuri, mgrZnobiare da gonivruli. zogierTisTvis amgvari arseboba utopiaa, - wers statiis avtori, - magram ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom istorias qmnian `utopiebi~, da ara progresis racionalurad SemuSavebuli meqanizmebi.” amave kvlevis konteqstSi Zalian momewona franguli Jurnalistikis Taviseburi da moulodneli svla: “nuvel observatori” beWdavs or, dRevandeli Jurnalistebis mier aRebul intervius - 1804 wels gardacvlil kantTan da 1900 wels gardacvlil nicSesTan! Tan yovelgvari komentarebis gareSe! saTauric Sesabamisia: “observatorma” CamoarTva interviu, erTi - kants, da meore nicSes. TiTqos es marTlac iseTi bunebrivia, esaubro dRes kants da nicSes imis Sesaxeb, ras fiqroben isini adamianis arsebobis da bednierebis Sesaxeb. cxadia, pasuxebi maTi Txzulebebidan aris aRebuli da amiT aris Rirebuli. magaliTad, SekiTxva kants: n.o. - “batono kant, Tqveni rkinis janmrTeloba, Tavdaviwyebuli Sroma, erTgulTa gundi Tqvens garSemo... es yvelaferi xom ar niSnavs, rom Tqven garkveuli tipis prusieli epikureli xarT? - da kantis pasuxi: - ra SemaZrwunebeli azria! icodeT, rom sawinaaRmdegod am Zveli gamotvinebuli seqtisa, romelmac siamovneba sikeTis qvakuTxedad aRiara, me mTeli sicocxle imis mtkicebaSi gavatare, rom “warmatebul” cxovrebas araferi aqvs saerTo bednier drostarebasTan. cxovreba ar aris mowodebuli, iyos grZeli wynari mdinare, da yvela adamiani, vinc Rirsia am wodebis, patar-patara komfortebze advilad ambobs uars”. da kidev erTi pasuxi: “pirad bednierebas ar aqvs istoria da is
istoriis programaSi ar aris”. kidev ufero saxalisoa `interviu~ nicSesTan. `nuvel observatoris~ kiTxva: `gaeqce tanjvas - es iyo mTeli antikuri filosofiis da Tqveni yofili metris - Sopenhaueris mTavari idea. iziarebT am azrs? nicSes pasuxi: ara. ratom unda aRmovfxvraT, Tan Zirfesvianad Cveni arsebobidan ubedureba, SiSebi, dakargvebi, sulis dabneleba? arsebobs “ubedurebis pirovnuli moTxovnileba~ da visac unda, rom is agvacilos, bednierebas ver gvaniWebs; radganac bedniereba da ubedureba tyupebi arian, romlebic erTad izrdebian. yoveli cxovreba Znelia da mZime. da Tu zogierTi maTgani mainc aris warmatebuli, es imazea damokidebuli, Tu rogor da ramdenad Tamamad vxvdebodiT tanjvas. n.o. - stoikosebic mogviwodeben, Tamamad SevxvdeT arsebobis mZlavr dartymebs. nicSe: - es sul sxvaa. stoikosebi gvTavazobdnen gaqvavebuli cxovrebis models. me vlaparakob imaze, rom gavamZafroT arsebobis SegrZneba, viswavloT SevicnoT misi yvela aspeqti, yvelaze SemaZrwunebelis CaTvliT. n.o. - ise Cans, rom 21-e saukunis adamiani kidev ufro metad miiswrafvis kargad yofnisken. nicSe: - o, es kargad yofnis religia! ai, jogis ideologia. Tanamedrove adamianma uaryo yvelanairi sidiade da fiqrobs mxolod imaze, rom icxovros komfortSi da rac SeiZleba didxans. is hgavs hedonist baRlinjos, romelsac ezizReba avadmyofoba da safrTxe. is dasdevs wvrilman da erTi bewo bednierebebs. momxmarebluri sazogadoeba akmayofilebs mis patar-patara moTxovnilebebs da swrafvas garTobisaken. magram roca ase usircxvilod ukmeven gundruks adamianis bunebriv sizarmaces, amiT asusteben da usargeblod xdian mis nebisyofas. ase xdeba sicocxlis anesTezireba (tkivilebis gayuCeba) da ara cxovreba. n.o. - rogoria bednierebis Tqveneuli gansazRvreba? - nicSe: - es aris SegrZneba, roca SenSi matulobs Zala, rom winaaRmdegoba daZleulia. adamiani, romelsac ar SeuZlia SeCerdes wamis zRurblze da daiviwyos yvela - warsuli Tu mosalodneli movlena; is, visac ar ZaluZs, Tavbrudaxvevisa da SiSis gareSe, idges erTi wami zezeulad, rogorc gamarjveba, verasdros ver gaigebs, ra aris bedniereba, da rac bevrad uaresia, verasdros gaakeTebs raimes iseTs, rac sxvas mianiWebs bednierebas. n.o. - ras urCevdiT maT, vinc mudmivad bednierebis ZiebaSia? - nicSe: - bednierebis namdvili saidumlo isaa, rom misi miRweva mxolod maSin SeiZleba, Tu Sewyvet mis Zebnas. is qaliviTaa. Tu misdev gagirbis, Tu ver amCnev, Sensken morbis. (is iRimeba, - ase weria interviuSi). arsebiTad, mniSvnelovani ar aris bedniereba, rac mxolod ideaa, aramed namdvili cxovreba, romelic unda gamovcadoT. giyvardes Seni be- diswera - es aris bednierebis Cemi formula. Cveni ganTavisuflebis erTaderTi gza imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Segviyvardes is, rac gvemarTeba. unda davdgeT sikeTisa da borotis cnebebze maRla. Cven unda viyoT Cveni arsebobis poetebi, gamovigonoT Cveni sicocxle da vicxovroT! namdvili sibrZne bednierebis Zieba ki ar aris, aramed sicocxlis siyvaruli, miuxedavad imisa, bednieria is, Tu ubeduri. n.o. - cxovrebas arasdros miuyvanixarT sasowarkveTamde? nicSe: - arasodes! maSinac, roca Zalian mZimed viyavi avad, sasowarkveTileba ar dameufla. cxovrebam imedebi ar gamicrua. rac dro gadis, me is ufro namdvili, ufro mimzidveli da ufro miuwvdomeli mgonia. CemTvis es aris safrTxisa da gamarjvebis samyaro, sadac gmirobis SegrZnebasac aqvs Tavisi adgili cekvisa da seqsualuri siaxlovis gverdiT. Tu am princips guliT atareb, SegiZlia ara marto vaJkacurad icxovro, aramed mxiarulad icxovro da mxiarulad icino.” me marTla Zalian gulze momxvda zaratustras avtoris es kvimaturi “interviu”. isic momeCvena, rom is CvenTvis, dRevandeli qarTvelebisTvis, gansakuTrebiT saintereso unda iyos. vin icis, egeb Cvenc SegviZlia, SeviyvaroT Cveni bediswera da cxovrebis dartymebs vaJkacurad aRvudgeT win? miT umetes, evropel filosofosTa gverdiT Cvens moazrovneebsac Tu gavixsenebT da maT gamonaTqvamebs, magaliTad rusTavelisas: `Wirsa Sigan gamagreba ise unda, viT qviTkirsa”, an vaJa-fSavelasi, Cems mier araerTxel citirebuls: “cxovrebam Sxami masmia, me kaxur Rvinod Sevirge”. da sul bolo werili: `pozitiuri fsiqologiis revolucia~. Cemi azriT, CvenTvis, am marad aforiaqebuli, daukmayofilebeli, eWvebiT savse, arsebiTad ubeduri adamianebisTvis, uaRresad mniSvnelovania es - “pozitiuri fsiqologiis” - Teoria. amitom Sevecdebi SeZlebisdagvarad dawvrilebiT Sevexo mis postulatebs. saukuneebis manZilze kacobrioba koncentrirebuli iyo adamianis tanjvaze da cdilobda, gaeanalizebina misi cudad yofnis mizezebi. perspeqtivis SebrunebiT, dRes fsiqologebi eZeben, rogor ganaviTaron adamianSi Camaluli “bednierebis kapitali”. dRes mecnierulad damtkicebulia, rom tvinis zogierTi nawili dakavSirebulia “kargad yofnasTan”, zogierTi “cudad yofnasTan”. kvlevebze dayrdnobiT, “pozitiuri fsiqologiis” mimdevrebma ara marto SeimuSaves Teoria, aramed atareben universitetebSi “bednierebis xelovnebis” dauflebis gakveTilebsac ki. bolo dros virTxebze Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegad gamoirkva: simsivne viTardeba bevrad ufro Cqara im cxovelebSi, romlebic mitovebulni da mowyenilebi arian da bevrad nela maSin, roca maT 77
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76<br />
SimSili da wyurvili da aseve survili, gyavdes megobrebi<br />
da iazrovno. survili bunebrivi, magram<br />
araaucilebeli - seqsualoba. da bolos, survili,<br />
arc bunebrivi da arc aucilebeli - anu miswrafeba<br />
didebisa da fufunebisadmi. survilTa Semcirebis<br />
meTodiT epikureizmi gvaTavisuflebs uamravi<br />
yalbi da fuWi moTxovnisagan. da mainc, yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovani, epikures mixedviT, siamovneba-<br />
Si cxovrebaa, rasac Taviseburad dascinis sokrate<br />
da hedonists im frinvels adarebs, romelic<br />
uSualod Wamis dros skintlavs.<br />
markus avreliusis azriT, bednieri cxovreba ar<br />
aris sasiamovno cxovreba, siamovneba ar aris kriteriumi.<br />
sikeTe, anu survili keTil saqmeTa qmnisa,<br />
ai ra aris mTavari. “roca raime sevdas ggvris,<br />
- wers markus avreliusi, - gaixsene, rom amas Sen-<br />
Tvis ubedureba ki ar moaqvs, aramed bedniereba,<br />
Tuki SegiZlia amis Rirseulad atana. magram amisaTvis<br />
aucilebelia, miiRo sinamdvile iseTi, rogoric<br />
is aris mTeli Tavisi sisastikiT.”<br />
kanti aerTianebs am or mimdinareobas da “CveulebaTa<br />
metamorfozebSi” gvTavazobs, aRvasruloT<br />
keTili saqme stoicistebis energiiT da epikureseuli<br />
sicocxlis sixaruliT.<br />
montens, romelsac fran<strong>ge</strong>bi Tavis megobrad, axloblad,<br />
Tavisianad Tvlian, miaCnda, rom bedniereba<br />
ar aris iRbliani bedisa da warmatebebis jami,<br />
arc kargad cxovrebis xelovneba, aramed garkveuli<br />
ganwyoba bednierebisadmi da naTeli xedva,<br />
anu midrekileba sinaTlisadmi. mTeli sicocxle<br />
is eZebda ara bednierebas, aramed sinaTles,<br />
sicxades.<br />
bevri mkvlevaris azriT, Tanamedrove cxovrebas<br />
yvelaze metad esada<strong>ge</strong>ba spinozas filosofia.<br />
Sua, me-17 saukuneSi puritanuli kalvinizmisa da<br />
orTodoqsuli iudaizmis sapirispirod, am amsterdamelma<br />
filosofosma gamoigona cxovrebis sixarulis<br />
eTika, romelic dResac gansakuTrebiT<br />
aqtualuria. spinoza Tavidanve svams arsebiT ki-<br />
Txvas: Tu yvela sikeTe, romliskenac Cveulebriv<br />
miiswrfvis adamiani, efemeruli da myifea, ra aris<br />
maSin is “namdvili sikeTe”, anu namdvili Rirebuleba,<br />
romelsac SeuZlia gvaziaros gansakuTrebul,<br />
srulyofil da xangrZliv sixaruls? pasuxad<br />
is gvTavazobs: ukeT SevicnoT garemomcveli<br />
buneba da aseve adamianis buneba, anu misi Sinagani<br />
samyaro. am qveynad arsebobs erTaderTi samyaro,<br />
da es bunebaa. meore postulati adamianis mTlianobaa:<br />
goneba suli ki ar aris, aramed - sxeulis sindisi.<br />
da am erTiani individis arsi survilia. gansxvavebiT<br />
Sopenhauerisgan, romlisTvisac survili<br />
aris tanjvis sawyisi, froidisgan, romelic<br />
Tvlis, rom survilis dakmayofileba SeuZlebelia,<br />
spinoza aRwers survils, rogorc sicocxlis<br />
Zalas, yofierebaSi xangrZlivad darCenis mcdelobas.<br />
misTvis survili aris bunebrivi moZraoba sakuTari<br />
Tavis pativiscemisa da sicocxlis sixarulisken.<br />
imisTvis, rom miaRwio myar sixaruls, unda<br />
gaTavisuflde gamanadgurebeli vnebebisgan,<br />
(rogoric aris dRes fanatizmi), pasiuri survili<br />
aqcio aqtiurad, datvirTo is codniT da WeSmariti<br />
Tavisuflebis miRwevis wyurviliT. “sixarulis<br />
humanisturi eTika” gulisxmobs sakuTari sicocxlis<br />
flobas, gafurCqnul, megobrul da gonivrul<br />
arsebobas. demokratiuli da mSvidobiani sazogadoeba<br />
aris winapiroba pirovnebis bednieri<br />
arsebobisa. `adamiani, romelic mihyveba gonebas,<br />
ufro Tavisufalia sazogadoebaSi, sadac is cxovrobs,<br />
vidre martoobaSi, sadac is mxolod Tavis<br />
Tavs emorCileba.~<br />
daskvna: survilebiT savse da bneli vnebebisgan<br />
ganTavisuflebuli adamiani aris Tavisufali adamiani,<br />
romelic mSvidad ir<strong>ge</strong>bs siamovnebebsa da<br />
sakuTar cxovrebas. es tkboba arsebobiT aris er-<br />
Tdroulad aqtiuri da metafizikuri, mgrZnobiare<br />
da gonivruli. zogierTisTvis amgvari arseboba<br />
utopiaa, - wers statiis avtori, - magram ar unda<br />
dagvaviwydes, rom istorias qmnian `utopiebi~,<br />
da ara progresis racionalurad SemuSavebuli meqanizmebi.”<br />
amave kvlevis konteqstSi Zalian momewona franguli<br />
Jurnalistikis Taviseburi da moulodneli<br />
svla: “nuvel observatori” beWdavs or, dRevandeli<br />
Jurnalistebis mier aRebul intervius -<br />
1804 wels gardacvlil kantTan da 1900 wels gardacvlil<br />
nicSesTan! Tan yovelgvari komentarebis<br />
gareSe! saTauric Sesabamisia: “observatorma”<br />
CamoarTva interviu, erTi - kants, da meore nicSes.<br />
TiTqos es marTlac iseTi bunebrivia, esaubro<br />
dRes kants da nicSes imis Sesaxeb, ras fiqroben isini<br />
adamianis arsebobis da bednierebis Sesaxeb. cxadia,<br />
pasuxebi maTi Txzulebebidan aris aRebuli<br />
da amiT aris Rirebuli.<br />
magaliTad, SekiTxva kants: n.o. - “batono kant,<br />
Tqveni rkinis janmrTeloba, Tavdaviwyebuli Sroma,<br />
erTgulTa gundi Tqvens garSemo... es yvelaferi<br />
xom ar niSnavs, rom Tqven garkveuli tipis<br />
prusieli epikureli xarT? - da kantis pasuxi: -<br />
ra SemaZrwunebeli azria! icodeT, rom sawinaaRmdegod<br />
am Zveli gamotvinebuli seqtisa, romelmac<br />
siamovneba sikeTis qvakuTxedad aRiara, me<br />
mTeli sicocxle imis mtkicebaSi gavatare, rom<br />
“warmatebul” cxovrebas araferi aqvs saerTo bednier<br />
drostarebasTan. cxovreba ar aris mowodebuli,<br />
iyos grZeli wynari mdinare, da yvela adamiani,<br />
vinc Rirsia am wodebis, patar-patara komfortebze<br />
advilad ambobs uars”. da kidev erTi<br />
pasuxi: “pirad bednierebas ar aqvs istoria da is
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