sxvanairi wigni, gzavniliT: `daberde axalgazrdad - Litsakhelebi.ge
sxvanairi wigni, gzavniliT: `daberde axalgazrdad - Litsakhelebi.ge sxvanairi wigni, gzavniliT: `daberde axalgazrdad - Litsakhelebi.ge
106 is iyo demokratizmis gavrceleba totalitarizmidan TavdaRweul sazogadoebaSi, da amisTvis yvela xerxs mimarTavda. magaliTisTvis aseTi detalis moyvana SeiZleba: kviris erTerT dRes, garkveuli intervalebiT, parlamentSi mohyavdaT romelime skolis bavSvebi. ma- TTvis gankuTvnili iyo adgili plenaruli sxdomebis darbazSi, meore sarTulze, da unda genaxaT, ra pativiscemiT da enTuziazmiT egebeboda maT parlamentis Tavmjdomare. mere bavSvebi xvdebodnen fraqciebisa da komitetebis Tavmjdomareebs, svamdnen kiTxvebs da iRebdnen pasuxebs. da me aSkarad vxedavdi, rogor iRviZebda maTSi moqalaqeobriobis gancda. im wlebSi saqarTvelos parlamenti TandaTan qveynis demokratiuli ganviTarebis simbolod iqca. es iyo mTavari mizezi, ris gamoc 1999 wels aseTi enTuziazmiT, daCqarebuli wesiT da erTxmad migviRes evropis sabWoSi. maSin warmoTqva zuram - jer qarTulad da mere inglisurad - is sayovelTaod cnobili fraza: `me var qarTveli da maSasadame, var evropeli~. es im tipis frazaa, rogoriTac msoflioSi mefeebi da saxelmwifo mo- Rvaweebi samudamod Sedian istoriaSi. radganac es ubralod moswrebulad naTqvami sityvebi ki ar aris, aramed saqarTvelos istoriuli gzis dadastureba. am gamonaTqvamSi Caqsovili iyo fiqri im kavSirebze, romlebic jer kidev argonavtebis droidan Caisaxa saqarTvelosa da saberZneTs (mogvianebiT bizantias) Soris; daviT aRmaSenebelze, romelmac jer kidev me-11 saukune- Si gaiazra saxelmwifo interesi, rogorc umaRlesi da uzenaesi Rirebuleba, anu `is, rac riSeliem gaakeTa me- 17 saukunis evropaSi” (zurab Jvania: Cveni Taobis privilegia”); fiqri Sua saukuneebis siRrmeSi dabadebul renesansul ideebze, romlebic ase aSkarad aris Camoyalibebuli `vefxis tyaosanSi”; da bolos, saqarTvelos mudmiv miswrafebaze evropisaken, vinaidan: `...demokratiuli da evropuli arCevani saqarTvelosTvis sinamdvileSi aris erTaderTi SesaZlebeli da erTaderTi misaRebi arCevani. evropis ojaxi aris is er- TaderTi ojaxi, sadac Cven Tavs vgrZnobT sakuTar navsayudelSi da ar vgrZnobT Tavs gaucxovebulad da mudmivad, ase vTqvaT, ubedurebis molodinSi” (zurab Jvania: Cveni Taobis privilegia). da iqve: `Tu aviRebT Cveni istoriis TiToeul furcels, TiToeul epizods, es iqneba imis sabuTi, imis demonstrireba, rom qarTuli mentaliteti yovelTvis axdenda sakuTari Tavis identifikacias saerTo evropul samyarosTan”. ra aqtualuria am wuTas, Cveni istoriis kidev erT tragikul momentSi, es sityvebi! da me dResac Tvalwin midgas es xati: evropis sabWos tribunaze, gasusuli da aRelvebuli darbazis win - Zalian axalgazrda saxelmwifo moRvawe, anTebuli Wkviani mzeriT, romelsac mxrebiT moaqvs Tavisi qveynis aTaswlovani gamocdileba da amayad ucxadebs tradiciul evropelebs: me var qarTveli da ese igi, var evropeli! dRes yvelam icis, rom zura iyo Wkviani, inteleqtualuri, gamWriaxi. me ki minaxavs zura - msubuqi, gulgaxsnili, udardeli, dainteresebuli cxovrebis sul um- niSvnelo wvrilmanebiT. Cemi dakvirvebiT, is gansakuTrebiT gulRia da udardeli gaxda maSin, roca opoziciaSi gadavida da saxelmwifo manqanis amoqmedebis Sedegad yovelgvari udieri ciliswamebis obieqtad iqca. Tumca, albaT, `udardeli~ zusti sityva ar aris. man, ubralod, ufro Rrmad Caixeda sakuTar TavSi, gansacdelma, albaT, bevri ram daanaxa da meti simagrec SesZina. Camovida strasburgSi, zura – opozicioneri, saxelmwifo ministrobidan gadamdgari, zura, romelic parlamentma (mis mier Seqmnilma parlamentma!) ar airCia evropis sabWoSi delegaciis Tavmjdomared. TviTmfrinavi agvianebda, visxediT Cveni saelCos daburul ezoSi, romelic mas CemsaviT uyvarda, vwvavdiT mwvadebs, Camobnelda, me gulisfancqaliT velodebodi, netavi rogoria axla, vfiqrobdi CemTvis, nuTu Seicvala, gaborotda, daiboRma... Semovida iseTi laRi, rogorc arasodes, nakerCxalic dagviwuna, mwvadebic, axali cecxli gaaCaRa, lamis TviTon SeekeTa…als... mere mTeli Rame visxediT da vlaparakobdiT... imwuTier politikaze, zogadad saqarTvelos bedze, kidev ufro zogadad - cxovrebaze da, ratomRac, sikvdilzec ki. me veubnebodi, ar dagaviwydes, rom bevri dro ar dagrCa CemTan saurTierTod meTqi, - cxadia, Cems asaks vgulisxmobdi, - zura Tavs iklavda, ras ambobT, ras ambobTo, ma- Sin rom warmomedgina, ra tragikulad Semogvitrialdeboda es sityvebi!… is namdvilad vizioneri iyo, hqonda Tavisi mkafio xedva – sad unda misuliyo saqarTvelo da ra gziT unda misuliyo. demokratia misTvis abstraqtuli cneba ar iyo. man icoda, rogor unda aeSenebina es `raRac”, rasac yoveli adamianisTvis unda moetana keTildReoba da bednierebac ki. ramdenad mkafio iyo demokratiis zuraseuli xedva, albaT, yvelaze metad mis wignSi gamoCnda, romelsac aseTi mravlismTqmeli saTauri aqvs : `Cveni Taobis privilegia~. ra bednierebaa, rom dagvrCa leqciebis es kursi, vinaidan es faqti rom ar Semdgariyo, veravin mixvdeboda, ramdenad mwyobri da dalagebuli iyo misi politikuri koncefcia; ramdenad Rrmad esmoda demokratiis filosofiuri, politikuri da istoriuli aspeqtebi; ramdenad zustad xedavda saqarTvelos adgils msoflioSi da misi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs. `oTaxSi aRar iyo msmenelTa teva. dro Zalian swrafad gadioda. es iyo grZnobebiT da emociebiT datvirTuli leqciebi. es iyo zura Jvania - politikosi uniRbod. yvelani vgrZnobdiT, Tu rogor ainteresebda mas Cveni azri. misi pirovnuli siZliere, Cemi azriT, zustad es iyo. piradad me zurab Jvanias leqciebze vigrZeni mTeli arsiT Tu raa xalxis samsaxurSi yofna”. es sityvebi `jipas” kursdamTavrebuls - Temur cagareiSvils ekuTvnis. meore studenti - irina gabaeva ambobs: `misTvis SeiZleboda Zalauflebis mindoba. saxelmwifos marTvis sadaveebTan dgomisas man SeZlo adamianad darCena, urTules viTarebaSi SeinarCuna jansaRi sulieri faseulobebi, romlebmac gauZles adamianisTv-
is SesaZloa yvelaze did gamocdas - Zalauflebas... mas hqonda globaluri xedva. igi TiTqos zevidan dascqeroda istoriul movlenebsa da politikur procesebs”. gasaxarelia, rom zurab Jvanias aseTi kargi msmenelebi hyavda. Tumca es leqciebi udidesi monapovaria ara marto misi studentebisTvis, aramed mTeli Cveni sazogadoebisTvis. swored am leqciebidan Cans, rom misi arcerTi politikuri nabiji ar iyo impulsuri da Sem- TxveviTi, rom yoveli qmedeba, rogorc parlamentis Tavmjdomaris, saxelmwifo ministris, opozicioneris, Tu premierministris, Rrmad gaazrebul da globalur xedvas eqvemdebareboda. gansakuTrebulia misi horizontis sifarTovec, ase- Ti uCveulo qarTveli politikosisTvis. rogor Tavisuflad apelirebs epoqebiT, moazrovneebiT, politikosebiT. antikuri samyaro, aristoteles politika, platonis respublika, romaelTa kanonmdebloba, monoTeizmi, luTeri, kromveli, monteskie, amerikuli konstitucia, jefersoni, linkolni, konstitucionalizmi, anu kanonis uzenaesoba da sxva da sxva... misi mizania daanaxos studentebs, rogor da ra dabrkolebebis gadalaxviT yalibdeboda saukuneTa manZilze Tanamedrove demokratia. is misTvis filosofiuri da politikuri cnebac aris da piradi mrwamsic. `demokratiis manqanis asamuSaveblad saWiroa Zalian specifikuri sawvavi. es aris samoqalaqo Rirsebis gancda. es ar aris politikuri kategoria, es, albaT, sazogadoebisa da misi calkeuli wevrebisgan TavianTi principebis erTgulebis unaria” (zurab Jvania: `Cemi Taobis privilegia~). zuraSi sakvirvelad iyo SeTavsebuli moqmedi politikosi da refleqsiisadmi midrekili adamiani. da raki dRisiT fiqrisa da CaRrmavebis dro ar hqonda, amisTvis Rames iyenebda. ase darCa Cems mexsierebaSi Cveni Ramis saubrebi - TbilisSi, da gansakuTrebiT, strasburgSi,1999-2005 wlebSi, rodesac me warmovadgendi saqarTvelos evropis sabWoSi, zura xSirad Camodioda strasburgSi, xan rogorc parlamentis Tavmjdomare - saxelmwifos meore piri, xan Tanamdebobidan gadamdgari opoziciis lideri, mere rogorc saxelmwofo ministri da premierministri; magram Tanamdebobebis cvla srulebiT ar etyoboda, is yovel- Tvis rCeboda zurad, anu adamianad, romelsac ase mwvaved ainteresebda sicocxle yvela Tavisi gamovlinebiT. da ai, Camodioda es ukiduresad cnobismoyvare biWi, da imisaTvis, rom urTierTobisa da baasebisTvis meti dro gvqonoda, xSirad uars ambobda sastumros komfortabelur apartamentebze da CemTan erT patara, stumrisTvis gankuTvnil oTax- Si Cerdeboda. isic da mec mTeli dReebi saqmeebSi viyaviT Cafluli, urTierTobisTvis ki Rameebi gvqonda gamoyofili. dRes ukan rom viyurebi, vxvdebi, rom es - Ramis strasburguli saubrebi - Cemi cxovrebis erTi mniSvnelovani furcelia. maxsovs erTi aseTi Rame: zura Cemi wignis `rac magondeba da rogorc magondeba~ - xelTnawers kiTxulobda, (sxvaTaSoris is erTaderTi iyo, visac es survili gauCn- da, kompiuterSi waekiTxa Cemi jer daumTavrebeli mogonebebi), da gadaawyda mamardaSvilis sityvebs: `ruseTi aris qva, romelic SeiZleba yovel wuTas dageceT Tavze. iyaviT mzad sikvdilisTvis. iyaviT mzad, gansakuTrebiT Tu Tqveni Tavi Zalian axlosaa qvas- Tan~, - kiTxulobda am sityvebs da Taviseburad xi- TxiTebda. aRfrTovanebuli iyo ase xatovnad da sxartad gamoTqmuli azriT, romelsac savsebiT iziarebda. me vuTxari, gagrZelebac waikiTxe-meTqi. da zuram waikiTxa: `magram ruseTi marto qva ar aris, aramed misi sapirispiroc: kultura, poezia, TviT idea, rom mSveniereba gadaarCens samyaros~. Cafiqrda. mere amaze mTeli Rame vlaparakobdiT. rogor unda moaxerxos iman, visi Tavic ase axlosaa qvasTan, gaixsenos es meore mxarec, anu is, rom es saocari idea - mSveniereba gadaarCens samyaros - am momakvdinebeli qvis SigniTaa dabadebuli. ara, es ar iyo or ruseTze ybadaRebuli saubari, aramed dafiqreba imaze, rom ruseTi Tavis TavSi moicavs putins da axmatovas, medvedevs da puSkins, rom is erTdroulad jalaTic aris da msxverplic. da rom masTan ur- TierTobaSi misma mezobelma es orive mxare unda gaiTvaliswinos. imisaTvis, rom droze gaaCeros mosaklavad gamzadebuli qva. Tavis Tavs politikur cxovelad ar Tvlida. I am not political animal, miTxra erTxel. da me mas sruliad daveTanxme. is ver iqneboda politikuri cxoveli im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom uyvarda adamiani. es ki didi fufunebaa politikosisTvis, gansakuTrebiT iseT auwyobel qveyanaSi, rogorc saqarTveloa, sadac erTmaneTisadmi undobloba da siZulvili lamis cxovrebis, da gansakuTrebiT, politikuri cxovrebis wesad iqca. da bolos: zura ubralod kargi adamiani iyo, Tbili, yuradRebiani da daCagrulisadmi TanagrZnobiT savse. metic, me vfiqrob, rom mTeli misi msoflmxedveloba am genetikurad gansazRvrul Tvisebebs emyareboda. (vinc mis mSoblebs - busa da rema Jvaniebs icnobda, mixvdeba, ratom mimaCnia Tandayolilad misi sikeTe da kargi adamianoba). zura namdvilad darCa am qveyanaSi, am cxovrebaSi. piradad CemSi ki man iseTi sicariele datova, romelsac verasodes veraferi ver amoavsebs. xandaxan Cems saxlSi, yazbegis quCaze, roca saaTis isari Ramis Tormets gadascdeba, meCveneba, rom ai, axla dairekeba zari da me maSinve mivxvdebi, rom es zuraa, radganac mxolod mas SeuZlia SuaRamisas Tavi daaRwios eskorts d ase, gaufrTxileblad, movides CemTan, movides mxolod imisa- Tvis, rom visxdeT mcenareebis garemocvaSi - am palmebiT, kaqtusebiT da sxva gaurkveveli mcenareebiT Semofarglul adgils zura, STagonebuli `mwvane”, baRs eZaxda, - diax, me namdvilad vici, rom is mova, mova mxolod imisaTvis, rom visxdeT am `baRSi”, vsvamdeT Cais da gauTaveblad raRac-raRaceebze vlaparakobdeT. anu, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, me is sul ubralod, adamianurad menatreba. 107
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106<br />
is iyo demokratizmis gavrceleba totalitarizmidan<br />
TavdaRweul sazogadoebaSi, da amisTvis yvela xerxs mimarTavda.<br />
magaliTisTvis aseTi detalis moyvana SeiZleba:<br />
kviris erTerT dRes, garkveuli intervalebiT,<br />
parlamentSi mohyavdaT romelime skolis bavSvebi. ma-<br />
TTvis gankuTvnili iyo adgili plenaruli sxdomebis<br />
darbazSi, meore sarTulze, da unda <strong>ge</strong>naxaT, ra pativiscemiT<br />
da enTuziazmiT e<strong>ge</strong>beboda maT parlamentis<br />
Tavmjdomare. mere bavSvebi xvdebodnen fraqciebisa da<br />
komitetebis Tavmjdomareebs, svamdnen kiTxvebs da iRebdnen<br />
pasuxebs. da me aSkarad vxedavdi, rogor iRviZebda<br />
maTSi moqalaqeobriobis gancda.<br />
im wlebSi saqarTvelos parlamenti TandaTan qveynis<br />
demokratiuli ganviTarebis simbolod iqca. es iyo mTavari<br />
mizezi, ris gamoc 1999 wels aseTi enTuziazmiT,<br />
daCqarebuli wesiT da erTxmad migviRes evropis sabWoSi.<br />
maSin warmoTqva zuram - jer qarTulad da mere inglisurad<br />
- is sayovelTaod cnobili fraza: `me var qarTveli<br />
da maSasadame, var evropeli~. es im tipis frazaa,<br />
rogoriTac msoflioSi mefeebi da saxelmwifo mo-<br />
Rvaweebi samudamod Sedian istoriaSi. radganac es ubralod<br />
moswrebulad naTqvami sityvebi ki ar aris, aramed<br />
saqarTvelos istoriuli gzis dadastureba. am gamonaTqvamSi<br />
Caqsovili iyo fiqri im kavSirebze, romlebic<br />
jer kidev argonavtebis droidan Caisaxa saqarTvelosa<br />
da saberZneTs (mogvianebiT bizantias) Soris; daviT<br />
aRmaSenebelze, romelmac jer kidev me-11 saukune-<br />
Si gaiazra saxelmwifo interesi, rogorc umaRlesi da<br />
uzenaesi Rirebuleba, anu `is, rac riSeliem gaakeTa me-<br />
17 saukunis evropaSi” (zurab Jvania: Cveni Taobis privilegia”);<br />
fiqri Sua saukuneebis siRrmeSi dabadebul<br />
renesansul ideebze, romlebic ase aSkarad aris Camoyalibebuli<br />
`vefxis tyaosanSi”; da bolos, saqarTvelos<br />
mudmiv miswrafebaze evropisaken, vinaidan:<br />
`...demokratiuli da evropuli arCevani saqarTvelosTvis<br />
sinamdvileSi aris erTaderTi SesaZlebeli da<br />
erTaderTi misaRebi arCevani. evropis ojaxi aris is er-<br />
TaderTi ojaxi, sadac Cven Tavs vgrZnobT sakuTar navsayudelSi<br />
da ar vgrZnobT Tavs gaucxovebulad da mudmivad,<br />
ase vTqvaT, ubedurebis molodinSi” (zurab Jvania:<br />
Cveni Taobis privilegia). da iqve: `Tu aviRebT Cveni<br />
istoriis TiToeul furcels, TiToeul epizods, es<br />
iqneba imis sabuTi, imis demonstrireba, rom qarTuli<br />
mentaliteti yovelTvis axdenda sakuTari Tavis identifikacias<br />
saerTo evropul samyarosTan”. ra aqtualuria<br />
am wuTas, Cveni istoriis kidev erT tragikul momentSi,<br />
es sityvebi!<br />
da me dResac Tvalwin midgas es xati: evropis sabWos<br />
tribunaze, gasusuli da aRelvebuli darbazis win - Zalian<br />
axalgazrda saxelmwifo moRvawe, anTebuli Wkviani<br />
mzeriT, romelsac mxrebiT moaqvs Tavisi qveynis aTaswlovani<br />
gamocdileba da amayad ucxadebs tradiciul<br />
evropelebs: me var qarTveli da ese igi, var evropeli!<br />
dRes yvelam icis, rom zura iyo Wkviani, inteleqtualuri,<br />
gamWriaxi. me ki minaxavs zura - msubuqi, gulgaxsnili,<br />
udardeli, dainteresebuli cxovrebis sul um-<br />
niSvnelo wvrilmanebiT. Cemi dakvirvebiT, is gansakuTrebiT<br />
gulRia da udardeli gaxda maSin, roca opoziciaSi<br />
gadavida da saxelmwifo manqanis amoqmedebis Sedegad<br />
yovelgvari udieri ciliswamebis obieqtad iqca.<br />
Tumca, albaT, `udardeli~ zusti sityva ar aris. man,<br />
ubralod, ufro Rrmad Caixeda sakuTar TavSi, gansacdelma,<br />
albaT, bevri ram daanaxa da meti simagrec SesZina.<br />
Camovida strasburgSi, zura – opozicioneri, saxelmwifo<br />
ministrobidan gadamdgari, zura, romelic parlamentma<br />
(mis mier Seqmnilma parlamentma!) ar airCia<br />
evropis sabWoSi delegaciis Tavmjdomared. TviTmfrinavi<br />
agvianebda, visxediT Cveni saelCos daburul ezoSi,<br />
romelic mas CemsaviT uyvarda, vwvavdiT mwvadebs,<br />
Camobnelda, me gulisfancqaliT velodebodi, netavi<br />
rogoria axla, vfiqrobdi CemTvis, nuTu Seicvala, gaborotda,<br />
daiboRma... Semovida iseTi laRi, rogorc arasodes,<br />
nakerCxalic dagviwuna, mwvadebic, axali cecxli<br />
gaaCaRa, lamis TviTon SeekeTa…als... mere mTeli<br />
Rame visxediT da vlaparakobdiT... imwuTier politikaze,<br />
zogadad saqarTvelos bedze, kidev ufro zogadad<br />
- cxovrebaze da, ratomRac, sikvdilzec ki. me veubnebodi,<br />
ar dagaviwydes, rom bevri dro ar dagrCa CemTan<br />
saurTierTod meTqi, - cxadia, Cems asaks vgulisxmobdi,<br />
- zura Tavs iklavda, ras ambobT, ras ambobTo, ma-<br />
Sin rom warmomedgina, ra tragikulad Semogvitrialdeboda<br />
es sityvebi!…<br />
is namdvilad vizioneri iyo, hqonda Tavisi mkafio xedva<br />
– sad unda misuliyo saqarTvelo da ra gziT unda<br />
misuliyo.<br />
demokratia misTvis abstraqtuli cneba ar iyo. man icoda,<br />
rogor unda aeSenebina es `raRac”, rasac yoveli adamianisTvis<br />
unda moetana keTildReoba da bednierebac ki.<br />
ramdenad mkafio iyo demokratiis zuraseuli xedva,<br />
albaT, yvelaze metad mis wignSi gamoCnda, romelsac aseTi<br />
mravlismTqmeli saTauri aqvs : `Cveni Taobis privilegia~.<br />
ra bednierebaa, rom dagvrCa leqciebis es kursi, vinaidan<br />
es faqti rom ar Semdgariyo, veravin mixvdeboda,<br />
ramdenad mwyobri da dala<strong>ge</strong>buli iyo misi politikuri<br />
koncefcia; ramdenad Rrmad esmoda demokratiis filosofiuri,<br />
politikuri da istoriuli aspeqtebi; ramdenad<br />
zustad xedavda saqarTvelos adgils msoflioSi<br />
da misi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs.<br />
`oTaxSi aRar iyo msmenelTa teva. dro Zalian swrafad<br />
gadioda. es iyo grZnobebiT da emociebiT datvirTuli<br />
leqciebi. es iyo zura Jvania - politikosi uniRbod.<br />
yvelani vgrZnobdiT, Tu rogor ainteresebda mas<br />
Cveni azri. misi pirovnuli siZliere, Cemi azriT, zustad<br />
es iyo. piradad me zurab Jvanias leqciebze vigrZeni<br />
mTeli arsiT Tu raa xalxis samsaxurSi yofna”.<br />
es sityvebi `jipas” kursdamTavrebuls - Temur cagareiSvils<br />
ekuTvnis. meore studenti - irina gabaeva ambobs:<br />
`misTvis SeiZleboda Zalauflebis mindoba. saxelmwifos<br />
marTvis sadaveebTan dgomisas man SeZlo adamianad<br />
darCena, urTules viTarebaSi SeinarCuna jansaRi sulieri<br />
faseulobebi, romlebmac gauZles adamianisTv-
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