mogzauroba kosmosSi. planetebi da varskvlavebi - Ganatleba
mogzauroba kosmosSi. planetebi da varskvlavebi - Ganatleba
mogzauroba kosmosSi. planetebi da varskvlavebi - Ganatleba
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$ 1. <strong>mogzauroba</strong> <strong>kosmosSi</strong>.<br />
<strong>planetebi</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>varskvlavebi</strong><br />
warmoidgine, rom zRaprul <strong>mogzauroba</strong>Si xar, Soreul <strong>kosmosSi</strong><br />
aRmoCndi <strong>da</strong> axla mzis sistemisaken gaqvs gezi aRebuli _ saxlSi, de<strong>da</strong>miwaze<br />
migeCqareba.<br />
Soria de<strong>da</strong>miwamde? ra gzas un<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>adge? ra xifaTs ga<strong>da</strong>eyrebi<br />
mzis sistemaSi mimosvlisas? ramden xans moundebi de<strong>da</strong>miwamde Camosvlas?<br />
amis codna aucilebelia, raTa Sin mSvidobiT Camoxvide.<br />
iupiteri<br />
saturni<br />
marsi<br />
mTvare<br />
urani<br />
mzis sistema<br />
mze<br />
merkuri<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwa venera<br />
neptuni<br />
plutoni<br />
rodesac mzis sistemaSi Semoxval, Sexvdebi sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva kosmosur _<br />
ciur sxeuls.<br />
Semogxvdeba mzis sistemis <strong>planetebi</strong>: merkuri, venera, de<strong>da</strong>miwa,<br />
marsi, iupiteri, saturni, urani, neptuni, plutoni.<br />
isini mzis irgvliv brunaven.<br />
zogierT planetas erTi an ramdenime bunebrivi Tanamgzavri axlavs.<br />
Tanamgzavrebi planetisa <strong>da</strong> mzis garSemo brunaven.<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwis Tanamgzavria mTvare. is de<strong>da</strong>miwaze <strong>da</strong>axloebiT eqvsjer<br />
ufro mcirea.<br />
mze Zalian didia, misi diametri udris 1 400 000 km-s. <strong>planetebi</strong><br />
gansxvavebuli zomis arian. cxrilSi naCvenebia <strong>planetebi</strong>s zomebi.<br />
cxrili. <strong>planetebi</strong>s zomebi (kilometrebSi)<br />
planetis<br />
saxelwodeba<br />
merkuri venera de<strong>da</strong>miwa marsi iupiteri<br />
diametri 5000 12000 12750 7000 140000<br />
planetis<br />
saxelwodeba<br />
saturni urani neptuni plutoni<br />
diametri 120000 52000 50000 3000<br />
mzes Zalian didi energia aqvs. es energia gamosxivebis saxiT vrceldeba<br />
samyaroSi. mzis gamosxiveba Seicavs CvenTvis, de<strong>da</strong>miwis macxovreblebisaTvis<br />
xilul sinaTlesac. mze anaTebs de<strong>da</strong>miwas <strong>da</strong> sxva ciur<br />
sxe ulebs, magaliTad, planetebsa <strong>da</strong> maT Tanamgzavrebs. am ciur sxeulebs<br />
naTeba ar axasiaTebs. magaliTad, RamRamobiT mTvare xan<strong>da</strong>xan ise<br />
anaTebs, gegoneba TviTon iyos sinaTlis wyaro. sinamdvileSi mTvare ar<br />
anaTebs, aramed is aireklavs mzis Suqs.<br />
mzis gar<strong>da</strong> arsebobs sxva manaTobeli ciuri sxeulebic. mzesa <strong>da</strong><br />
am sxeulebs <strong>varskvlavebi</strong> ewodeba. rogor gavarCioT caze ciuri sxeulebi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
romelia varskvlavi, romelic gamoasxivebs sinaTles <strong>da</strong><br />
romelia planeta, romelsac varskvlavi anaTebs? <strong>varskvlavebi</strong> cimcimeben,<br />
<strong>planetebi</strong> ki ara!<br />
SeuiaraRebeli TvaliT RamiT mzis gar<strong>da</strong> sxva <strong>varskvlavebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>naxvac<br />
SeiZleba.<br />
<strong>varskvlavebi</strong>s caze ganlagebas mecnierebi uxsovari droi<strong>da</strong>n akvirdebian.<br />
<strong>varskvlavebi</strong> pirobiTad jgufebad anu Tanavarskvlavedebad arian<br />
gaerTianebuli.<br />
magaliTad, didi <strong>da</strong>Tvisa <strong>da</strong> patara <strong>da</strong>Tvis TanavarskvlavedebSi<br />
gaerTianebulia 7 varskvlavi, sasworSi – 8, xolo kasiopeas Tanavarskvlaveds<br />
qmnis 5 varskvlavi.<br />
didi <strong>da</strong>Tvis Tanavarskvlavedi<br />
6 7
kasiopeas Tanavarskvlavedi<br />
sasworis Tanavarskvlavedi<br />
polaruli varskvlavi:<br />
<strong>varskvlavebi</strong>T moWedil caze a<strong>da</strong>mianebma didi xnis win SeamCnies<br />
erTi gansakuTrebuli varskvlavi, romelsac polaruli varskvlavi,<br />
anu polarisi uwodes.<br />
misi povna sakmaod advilia: amisaTvis Ramis caze un<strong>da</strong> movnaxoT<br />
didi <strong>da</strong>Tvis Tanavarskvlavedi. misi kidura ori varskvlavis SemaerTebeli<br />
wrfis gagrZeleba migviyvans polarisTan. polarisi patara <strong>da</strong>Tvis<br />
`kudis~ boloSia.<br />
didi <strong>da</strong>Tvis Tanavarskvlavedi<br />
patara <strong>da</strong>Tvis<br />
Tanavarskvlavedi<br />
polaruli varskvlavis adgilmdebareoba caze<br />
8 9<br />
polarisi
$ 2. asteroidebi <strong>da</strong> kometebi<br />
mzis garSemo moZraoben agreTve mcire zomis ciuri sxeulebi _ asteroidebi.<br />
asteroidebi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d warmoadgenen did qvebs, romelTa zoma<br />
ramdenime aseuli metri<strong>da</strong>n ramdenime aTas kilometramde meryeobs.<br />
asteroidebi saSiSia kosmoSi mogzaurisaTvis. maTTan Sejaxeba Zlier<br />
azianebs kosmosur xomalds. mzis sistemaSi mogzauri did safrTxeSi<br />
aRmoCndeba, rodesac iupiteri<strong>da</strong>n marsisken <strong>da</strong>iwyebs svlas, radgan<br />
marss <strong>da</strong> iupiters Soris gansakuTrebiT bevri asteroidi moZraobs.<br />
kudi<br />
asteroidebi kometa<br />
asteroidebis gar<strong>da</strong> mzis irgvliv brunaven Se<strong>da</strong>rebiT mcire zomis<br />
(sul ramdenime kilometris) warmonaqmnebi _ kometebi. kometebi imiT<br />
gamoirCevian, rom maT Tan sdevT airisa <strong>da</strong> mtvris `kudi~.<br />
kometebi asteroidebis msgavsad moZraoben mzis garSemo, oRond<br />
ufro axlos midian de<strong>da</strong>miwasTan. zogjer kometebi de<strong>da</strong>miwis atmosferoSi<br />
SemoiWrebian, haerTan xaxunis gamo cxeldebian <strong>da</strong> iwvian. am<br />
SemTxvevaSi kometas meteors uwodeben. zafxulobiT, RamiT Senc Segi-<br />
Zlia <strong>da</strong>inaxo meteori.<br />
meteori meteoriti<br />
xan<strong>da</strong>xan meteori imdenad didi <strong>da</strong> mkvrivia, rom ver aswrebs atmosferoSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>wvas <strong>da</strong> miwaze ecema. aseT sxeulebs meteoritebs uwodeben.<br />
meteoriti zogjer iseTi didi zomisaa, rom miwaze Camovardnisas<br />
uzarmazar Rrmuls – kraters tovebs. erTi aseTi krateri aris amerikis<br />
kontinentze, sa<strong>da</strong>c didi zomis meteoriti mravali milioni wlis<br />
win Camovar<strong>da</strong>.<br />
axla Sen gaqvs cotaodeni codna ciuri sxeulebis Sesaxeb. es codna<br />
wignis kiTxviT SeiZine.<br />
ilia WavWavaZe Tavis nawarmoebSi `kacia-a<strong>da</strong>miani?!~ mogviTxrobs<br />
iseTi a<strong>da</strong>mianebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac wignis kiTxva ar uyvar<strong>da</strong>T. gadmogcemT<br />
am a<strong>da</strong>mianebis erT-erTi saubris Sinaarss. yuradRebiT waikiTxe<br />
Tu raze saubrobdnen nawarmoebis gmirebi – col-qmari luarsab<br />
<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rejan TaTqariZeebi <strong>da</strong> maTTan stumrad misuli elisabedi.<br />
elisabedma luarsabsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>rejans uTxra: amas winaT caze rom kudiani<br />
varskvlavi gamoCn<strong>da</strong>, xom gaigeTo? amboben, im dRes gveleSapi<br />
mzes gamoudgao.<br />
luarsabs Zalian SeeSin<strong>da</strong>: vaime, es ra miTxario!<br />
magram <strong>da</strong>rejanma <strong>da</strong>amSvi<strong>da</strong>: tyuili iqnebao. xom gaxsovs, SarSan win<br />
ambobdnen, de<strong>da</strong>miwa xaris rqebze rom dgas, im xars erTi rqa mostexia<br />
<strong>da</strong> de<strong>da</strong>miwa ga<strong>da</strong>brundebao. tyuili gamodga, im xars arc rqa mostexia<br />
<strong>da</strong> arc araferio.<br />
ai, ase saubrobdnen uwignuri a<strong>da</strong>mianebi.<br />
Sen xom giyvars wignis kiTxva, <strong>da</strong>fiqrdi <strong>da</strong> upasuxe:<br />
• romel ciur sxeuls uwo<strong>da</strong> elisabedma „kudiani varskvlavi~?<br />
• ra Secdoma <strong>da</strong>uSva elisabedma?<br />
• ra Secdoma <strong>da</strong>uSva <strong>da</strong>rejanma, rodesac de<strong>da</strong>miwis Sesaxeb saubrob<strong>da</strong>?<br />
10 11<br />
krateri
$ 3. traeqtoria<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwisaken samogzaurod aucileblad <strong>da</strong>gWirdeba moZraobis<br />
traeqtoriis SerCeva, manZilisa <strong>da</strong> siCqaris gaTvaliswineba.<br />
imis gasarkvevad Tu ra aris traeqtoria, ganvixiloT sagzao moZraobis<br />
wesebi. Sen albaT ocnebob, rom geyoleba sakuTari manqana,<br />
romelsac sa<strong>da</strong>c gin<strong>da</strong> iqiT gaaqroleb. magram amisaTvis aucilebelia<br />
manqanis marTvis specialuri nebarTva, romlis misaRebad <strong>da</strong>gWirdeba<br />
gamocdis Cabareba rogorc avtomobilis marTvaSi, aseve sagzao wesebis<br />
<strong>da</strong> niSnebis codnaSi.<br />
suraTze naCvenebia sagamocdo bileTis nimuSi:<br />
suraTze naCvenebi<strong>da</strong>n, romeli traeqtoriiT (a, b , g)<br />
SeuZlia moZraoba satvirTo avtomobils?<br />
a<br />
sagamocdo bileTis nimuSi<br />
rogorc xe<strong>da</strong>v, bileTSi asaxulia avtomobilis ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebis<br />
Sesa Zlo variantebi <strong>da</strong> gamoc<strong>da</strong>ze gasul a<strong>da</strong>mians ekiTxebian romeli<br />
traeqtoriiT moZraobis uflebas iZleva sagzao moZraobis niSani.<br />
rogor Tu romeli traeqtoriiT? – ikiTxavs gamoucdeli a<strong>da</strong>miani,<br />
imitom, rom man ar icis ras niSnavs sityva `traeqtoria~ <strong>da</strong> albaT arc<br />
is icis, rom arsebobs moZraobis wesebi, romelTa <strong>da</strong>cva aucilebelia.<br />
modi, ganvumartoT mas Tu ras niSnavs moZraobis traeqtoria.<br />
aiRe fanqari <strong>da</strong> furcelze gaavle nebismieri wiri – gavlebuli<br />
wiri iqneba swored Seni fanqris wveris moZraobis traeqtoria.<br />
erTi adgili<strong>da</strong>n meoreSi ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebisas sxeuli moZraobs wirze,<br />
romelsac sxeulis moZraobis traeqtorias vuwodebT.<br />
sxeulis moZraoba misi traeqtoriis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos wrfivi,<br />
an mrudwiruli. magaliTad: bileTSi asaxulma manqanam SeiZleba<br />
imo Zraos pir<strong>da</strong>pir, anu wrfivad a wirze, an mrudwirulad b <strong>da</strong> g wirze.<br />
sagzao niSani ki miuTiTebs, rom mas SeuZlia imoZraos mxolod pir<strong>da</strong>pir,<br />
anu wrfivi mimarTulebiT.<br />
amoarCie bileTi<strong>da</strong>n swori pasuxi.<br />
b<br />
1. mxolod a traeqtoriiT; 2. mxolod b traeqtoriiT; 3. mxolod<br />
g traeqtoriiT; 4. yvela naCvenebi traeqtoriiT.<br />
g<br />
melas nakvalevi<br />
suraTze naCvenebia melas nakvalevi<br />
Tovlze. mela mrudwiruli,<br />
kerZod, texili traeqtoriiT moZraob<strong>da</strong>.<br />
cxeni suraTze moZraobs<br />
mrudwirulad, kerZod, wriulad;<br />
TviTmfrinavi ki, afrenis dros,<br />
safren bilikze moZraobs wrfivad.<br />
Jokei avarjiSebs cxens<br />
TviTmfrinavi moZraobs safren bilikze<br />
12 13
$ 4. manZili<br />
axla, rodesac ici ra aris traeqtoria, SeZleb gaerkve fizikur<br />
sidideSi, romelsac manZils vuwodebT.<br />
am fotoze cnobili musikaluri ansamblis `biTlzis~ wevrebi quCaze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>dian. jer imas miaqcie yuradReba, rom isini quCaze uwesrigod ki<br />
ar ga<strong>da</strong>rbian, aramed quCas kveTen ga<strong>da</strong>sasvlelze, anu iq, sa<strong>da</strong>c quCaze<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>svla fexiT mosiaruleTaTvis <strong>da</strong>Svebulia.<br />
ansambl `biTlzis~ wevrebi<br />
kargad <strong>da</strong>akvirdi suraTs <strong>da</strong> upasuxe:<br />
• rogor moZraoben musikosebi, wrfivad Tu mrudwirulad?<br />
• quCis ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis dros ra SemTxvevaSi mouwev<strong>da</strong>T maT ufro meti<br />
manZilis gavla: mrudwiruli Tu wrfivi moZraobis dros?<br />
meore kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema rom ar gagiWirdes, gavarkvioT ras<br />
niSnavs manZili.<br />
gavlili manZili aris traeqtoriis<br />
sigrZe <strong>da</strong> is izomeba<br />
sigrZis erTeulebSi (santimetri,<br />
metri, kilometri <strong>da</strong> a.S.). manZili<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulia traeqtoriaze.<br />
magaliTad, melam, romlis nakvalevi<br />
Sen ukve naxe, texili traeqtoriiT<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>kveTa Tovliani<br />
veli. imave velze mela wrfivad<br />
rom ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebuliyo, velis<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis dros ufro nakleb<br />
manZils gaivli<strong>da</strong>, vidre mrudwiruli<br />
moZraobis SemTxvevaSi.<br />
polaruli mela<br />
melas moZraobis traeqtoria: texili (marcxniv) <strong>da</strong> wrfivi<br />
Seamowme es cdiT. <strong>da</strong>gWirdeba qaRaldi, sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva feris ori fanqari<br />
<strong>da</strong> saxazavi.<br />
qaRaldze moniSne ori wertili a <strong>da</strong> b. erT-erTi feris fanqriT<br />
gaavle maT Soris saxazaviT swori wiri, es iqneba am or wertils Soris<br />
moZraobis wrfivi traeqtoria. sxva feris fanqriT es ori wertili<br />
<strong>da</strong>akavSire texili wiriT. es iqneba moZraobis texili traeqtoria. saxazaviT<br />
gazome orive traeqtoriis sigrZe – manZili. Sea<strong>da</strong>re erTmaneTs<br />
<strong>da</strong> upasuxe or wertils Soris romeli traeqtoriaa ufro grZeli.<br />
axla SegiZlia zusti pasuxi gasce am paragrafSi wamoWril or<br />
sakiTxs:<br />
• ratom gaivli<strong>da</strong> mela nakleb manZils wrfivad ga<strong>da</strong>adgilebisas?<br />
• quCis ga<strong>da</strong>kveTis dros ra SemTxvevaSi mouwev<strong>da</strong>T `biTlzis~<br />
wevrebs ufro meti manZilis gavla: mrudwiruli Tu wrfivi moZraobis<br />
dros?<br />
rogorc xe<strong>da</strong>v, or wertils Soris umoklesi manZili aris wrfe.<br />
Sen kidev ufro meti codna SeiZine <strong>da</strong> ukve SeZleb imsjelo, Tu ra<br />
manZiliT arian <strong>da</strong>Sorebuli <strong>planetebi</strong> erTmaneTisagan <strong>da</strong> mzisagan <strong>da</strong><br />
ra traeqtoriiT jobs de<strong>da</strong>miwisken <strong>mogzauroba</strong>. am sakiTxze Semdeg<br />
paragrafSi visaubroT.<br />
14 15
$ 5. manZili planetebs Soris<br />
<strong>planetebi</strong> mzisagan sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva manZiliT arian <strong>da</strong>Sorebuli. cxril-<br />
Si naCvenebia <strong>planetebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>Soreba mzisgan. manZilis erTeulad aRebulia<br />
erTi milioni kilometri.<br />
cxrili. <strong>planetebi</strong>s <strong>da</strong>Soreba mzisgan<br />
merkuri venera<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwa<br />
marsi<br />
iupiteri<br />
saturni urani neptuni<br />
plutoni<br />
60 108 150 230 780 1400 2900 4500 5900<br />
gaiTvaliswine cxrili <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>xate mzis sistema ise, rom sworad asaxo<br />
merkuris, de<strong>da</strong>miwis, iupiterisa <strong>da</strong> neptunis <strong>da</strong>Soreba mzisgan. amisaTvis<br />
<strong>da</strong>gWirdeba didi formatis qaRaldi, feradi fanqrebi <strong>da</strong> saxazavi.<br />
cxadia, qaRaldze veranairad ver asaxav <strong>planetebi</strong>s mzisagan realur<br />
<strong>da</strong>Sorebas, radgan is milionobiT kilometrs iTvlis. amitom <strong>da</strong>gWirdeba<br />
manZilis pirobiTi erTeulis SemoReba. erTi santimetri pirobi-<br />
Tad miiCnie 60 milion kilometrad. aseT SemTxvevaSi merkurs <strong>da</strong>xatav<br />
mzisagan erTi santimetris manZilze, radgan merkuri mzisagan 60 milioni<br />
km-iT aris <strong>da</strong>Sorebuli. Sesabamisad iangariSe sxva <strong>planetebi</strong>s mzisagan<br />
<strong>da</strong>Soreba Sen mier SemoRebuli pirobiT manZilze ga<strong>da</strong>TvliT <strong>da</strong><br />
Seqmeni mzis sistemis naxati. naxati Sea<strong>da</strong>re qvemoT mocemul suraTs.<br />
merkuri<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwa<br />
mze <strong>da</strong> <strong>planetebi</strong><br />
gamoiyene miRebuli codna, Sen mier <strong>da</strong> upasuxe:<br />
• sworad aris Tu ara suraTze naCvenebi merkuris, de<strong>da</strong>miwis, iupiterisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> neptunis <strong>da</strong>Soreba mzisgan?<br />
• romeli <strong>planetebi</strong>a de<strong>da</strong>miwasTan ufro axlos? romelia misgan<br />
yvelaze Sors?<br />
• ra traeqtoriiT jobs de<strong>da</strong>miwaze Camosvla, mrudwiruli Tu<br />
wrfivi?<br />
• ra sxeulebi SeiZleba Segxvdes gzaze?<br />
iupiteri<br />
neptuni<br />
$ 6. siCqare<br />
rodesac sxeuli ga<strong>da</strong>adgildeba, is raRac manZils gadis garkveul<br />
droSi. erTi <strong>da</strong> imave manZilis gavla sxeuls sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva droSi Seu-<br />
Zlia.<br />
sxeulis moZraobis <strong>da</strong>xasiaTeba SeiZleba gavlili manZiliT <strong>da</strong><br />
drois im periodiT, romelic sxeulma am manZilis gavlas moandoma.<br />
moZraobis am maxasiaTebels saSualo siCqares uwodeben. saSualo siCqare<br />
rom iangariSo, gavlili manZili un<strong>da</strong> gayo am manZilis gavlaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>xarjul droze.<br />
saSualo siCqare = gavlili manZili : <strong>da</strong>xarjuli dro.<br />
siCqaris ZiriTadi erTeulia m/wm. gamoiyeneba siCqaris sxva er-<br />
Teulebic, mag., km/sT.<br />
magaliTad, Tu a<strong>da</strong>mians SeuZlia gairbinos 100 metri 10 wamSi, misi<br />
siCqare iqneba 100:10=10 m/wm. calke furcelze ga<strong>da</strong>ixaze 1-li cxrili.<br />
iangariSe <strong>da</strong> cxrilSi Seitane mzis sinaTlis <strong>da</strong> TviTmfrinavis siCqare<br />
ZiriTad erTeulSi. gamoangariSebisaTvis mogiwevs kilometrebis metrebSi,<br />
saaTebis ki wamebSi ga<strong>da</strong>yvana.<br />
cxrili 1. TviTmfrinavisa <strong>da</strong> sinaTlis siCqare<br />
samgzavro<br />
TviTmfrinavi<br />
ganvlili<br />
manZili<br />
am manZilis<br />
gavlaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>xarjuli dro<br />
900 km 1 sT<br />
sinaTle 300 000 km 1 wm<br />
`biTlzis~ wevrebmac quCa garkveul droSi ga<strong>da</strong>kveTes. Tumca maT<br />
SeeZloT es dro SeemcirebinaT, Tu ufro swrafad ivlidnen.<br />
skolaSi rom midixar, Tu saxli<strong>da</strong>n droulad gamoxvedi, gzas neli<br />
nabijiT gaivli <strong>da</strong> miaswreb gakveTilis <strong>da</strong>wyebas. magram, Tu gagviandeba,<br />
imave gzaze sirbiliT waxval.<br />
am SemTxvevebSi Sen ar icvli moZraobis traeqtorias, anu ganvlili<br />
manZili igive rCeba, magram icvleba moZraobis siCqare.<br />
16 17<br />
siCqaris<br />
erTeuli<br />
cxrilSi 2. naCvenebia ra manZilis gavla SeuZlia sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva cxovels<br />
garkveul droSi. calke furcelze gamoiyvane TiToeuli cxovelis<br />
siCqare km/sT-Si.
cxrili 2. cxovelebis moZraobis siCqare<br />
cxoveli<br />
Tagvi<br />
qaTami<br />
gepardi<br />
zvigeni<br />
koRo<br />
cxovelis<br />
mier<br />
ganvlili<br />
manZili (km)<br />
am manZilis<br />
gavlaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>xarjuli<br />
dro (sT)<br />
12 1<br />
15 1<br />
112 1<br />
40 1<br />
2 1<br />
cxoveli<br />
siraqlema<br />
cxovelis<br />
mier<br />
ganvlili<br />
manZili<br />
am manZilis<br />
gavlaze<br />
<strong>da</strong>xarjuli<br />
dro<br />
65 1<br />
32 1<br />
45 1<br />
Tanaklaselebma iangariSeT Tqveni siCqarec.<br />
skolis ezoSi moniSneT manZili or wertils Soris <strong>da</strong> gazomeT ramdeni<br />
metria. SeejibreT erTmaneTs swrafad gaqcevaSi erTi wertili<strong>da</strong>n<br />
meorisaken. Tanaklaselebma wamzomiT gazomeT dro, romelic <strong>da</strong>gWirdebaT<br />
moniSnul or wertils Soris manZilis <strong>da</strong>safarad. gamoiyvaneT<br />
Tqveni moZraobis siCqare. Sea<strong>da</strong>reT Tqven mier miRebuli monacemebi _<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianisa <strong>da</strong> sxva cocxali arsebebis siCqare. moawyveT `siCqaris Cempionati~:<br />
gamoavlineT gamarjvebuli <strong>da</strong> `maCanCala~.<br />
Sen ici, romel cxovels ra siCqare aqvs <strong>da</strong> TviTmfrinavis <strong>da</strong> sinaTlis<br />
siCqarezec gaqvs warmodgena. romel `transports~ airCevdi de<strong>da</strong>miwisaken<br />
samogzaurod: koRos, gepards Tu mzis sxivs ? pasuxi <strong>da</strong>asabuTe.<br />
18 19<br />
gveli<br />
tura
$ 7. zRva, okeane, srute<br />
gaagrZele <strong>mogzauroba</strong>.<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miweli xar <strong>da</strong> Sin – de<strong>da</strong>miwisaken<br />
geCqareba. de<strong>da</strong>miwa Cveni,<br />
a<strong>da</strong>mianebisa <strong>da</strong> sxva mravali cocxali<br />
arsebis didi saxlia. am saxlSi<br />
yvelas Tavisi kuTxe aqvs. Seni kuTxe<br />
saqarTveloa. gaudeqi gzas <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>aTvaliere<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwa kosmosi<strong>da</strong>n. warmoidgine,<br />
rom gaqvs Zalian Zlieri<br />
gamadidebeli xelsawyo <strong>da</strong> Sori<strong>da</strong>nve<br />
SegiZlia de<strong>da</strong>miwis, xolo de<strong>da</strong>miwaze<br />
ki saqarTvelos <strong>da</strong>naxva.<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwis xedi kosmosi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
Tavi<strong>da</strong>n Zneli gasarCevi iqneba calkeuli obieqtebi, magram imas<br />
aSkarad <strong>da</strong>inaxav, rom de<strong>da</strong>miwaze erTmaneTs enacvleba wyali <strong>da</strong><br />
xmeleTi. <strong>da</strong>inaxav agreTve de<strong>da</strong>miwis ukidures CrdiloeT wertils –<br />
CrdiloeT poluss <strong>da</strong> ukidures samxreT wertils – samxreT poluss.<br />
monaxe polusebi globusze.<br />
gansakuTrebiT STambeW<strong>da</strong>via kosmosi<strong>da</strong>n okeanis <strong>da</strong>naxva. okeane<br />
aris wylis uzarmazari sacavi, romelic gars akravs xmeleTs <strong>da</strong> masze<br />
meti adgilic ki uWiravs de<strong>da</strong>miwaze. okeaneSi pirobiTad gamovyofT<br />
calkeul adgilebs <strong>da</strong> maT sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva saxels varqmevT: wynari, atlantis,<br />
indoeTis, samxreTisa <strong>da</strong> yinulovani okeane.<br />
zRva okeaneze gacilebiT pataraa. is okeanisagan met-naklebad<br />
gamoyofilia xmeleTiT, Tumca masTan kavSirs inarCunebs. magaliTad,<br />
xmelTaSua zRva ukavSirdeba atlantis okeanes gibraltaris srutiT,<br />
xolo Savi zRva _ bosforis srutiT. srute wylis viwro zolia,<br />
romelic akavSirebs zRvebsa <strong>da</strong> okeaneebs. arabeTis zRvas ufro farTo<br />
(srutis gareSe) kavSiri aqvs indoeTis okeanesTan.<br />
zRvasa <strong>da</strong> okeaneSi wyali mlaSea.<br />
msoflio ruka<br />
3<br />
9<br />
10<br />
1_ Savi zRva; 2 _kaspiis zRva; 3 _wynari okeane; 4 _ indoeTis okeane; 5 _<br />
samxreTis okeane; 6 _ yinulovani okeane; 7 _ atlantis okeane; 8 _ xmelTaSua<br />
zRva; 9 _ gibraltaris srute; 10 _ bosforis srute; 11_ arabeTis zRva.<br />
8<br />
1<br />
2<br />
6<br />
11<br />
4<br />
5<br />
3<br />
$ 8. wylis siRrme<br />
albaT <strong>da</strong>hkvirvebixar: rac ufro Sors Securav zRvaSi, anu, rac<br />
ufro metad <strong>da</strong>scildebi zRvis napirs, miT ufro Rrma xdeba wyali. rac<br />
ufro cicaboa napiri, miT ufro swrafad Rrmavdeba wyali.<br />
zogierT rukaze wylis siRrme miTiTebulia feriT. rac ufro<br />
Rrmaa wyali, miT ufro muqdeba feri.<br />
magaliTad, am rukaze naCvenebia wylis siRrme Savi zRvis erT nawilSi<br />
(<strong>da</strong>narCeni TeTr ferSia mocemuli).<br />
yvelaze Rrma adgilebi TurqeTis mezoblad aris (a <strong>da</strong> b), xolo<br />
sana piroebisaken wylis siRrme Tan<strong>da</strong>Tan klebulobs.<br />
naxatze sqematurad naCvenebia zRva. sqemaze Semoxazulia wylis<br />
sxva <strong>da</strong>sxva siRrmis adgilebi. yvelaze Rrma adgilia a, saSualo siRrmisaa<br />
b, xolo yvelaze meCxeri adgilia g. ga<strong>da</strong>xate sqema calke furcelze<br />
<strong>da</strong> gaaferade lurji fanqriT ise, rom mnaxveli mixvdes, sad aris<br />
wyali yvelaze Rrma, saSualo siRrmis <strong>da</strong> meCxeri.<br />
20 21<br />
g<br />
b<br />
a<br />
TurqeTi<br />
wylis siRrme Sav zRvaSi<br />
a<br />
b<br />
saqarTvelo
ogor SeiZleba gaizomos wylis siRrme?<br />
Zvelad gemi<strong>da</strong>n zRvaSi CauSvebdnen Toks, romelsac tvirTi hqon<strong>da</strong><br />
mobmuli. Tokis meore, Tavisufali bolo mzomels eWira. tvirTi<br />
iZirebo<strong>da</strong> zRvaSi, mas Tan Tokic mihyvebo<strong>da</strong>. <strong>da</strong>Wimul Toks mzomeli<br />
nel-nela uSveb<strong>da</strong> wyalSi <strong>da</strong> yuradRebiT iyo, raTa ar gamohparvo<strong>da</strong> is<br />
momenti, rodesac Toki modundebo<strong>da</strong>.<br />
Toki<br />
tvirTi<br />
tvirTi<br />
Toki<br />
zRvis fskeri<br />
cdiT gaarkvie, rogor xdebo<strong>da</strong> am meTodiT wylis siRrmis gazomva.<br />
cdisTvis <strong>da</strong>gWirdeba, maRali gamWvirvale WurWeli, wyali, Zafi,<br />
tvirTi, saxazavi.<br />
WurWeli Seavse wyliT. tvirTs gamoabi Zafi <strong>da</strong> nel-nela CauSvi<br />
wyal Si. tvirTi imoZravebs WurWlis fskerisaken <strong>da</strong> mas Tan mihyveba<br />
Zafic. Zafi <strong>da</strong>Wimuli iqneba. rodesac tvirTi WurWlis fskers Seexeba,<br />
Zafi modundeba. Sen amas xeliTac SeigrZnob <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>inaxav kidevac.<br />
rogorc ki Zafi modundeba, TiTebi magrad mouWire, raTa aRar imoZraos.<br />
<strong>da</strong>imaxsovre miaxloebiT (an moniSne) Zafis is monakveTi, romelic<br />
wylis ze<strong>da</strong>pirs exeba, amoiRe Zafi wyli<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> gazome misi sigrZe am monakveTi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
im adgilamde, sa<strong>da</strong>c Zafi tvirTs gamoabi. miRebuli maCvenebeli<br />
miaxloebiT giCvenebs wylis siRrmes WurWelSi.<br />
<strong>da</strong>ufiqrdi c<strong>da</strong>s <strong>da</strong> upasuxe:<br />
• rodis modundebo<strong>da</strong> Toki, romelsac mzomeli zRvaSi uSveb<strong>da</strong>?<br />
• rogor gazomav<strong>da</strong> mzomeli zRvaSi wylis siRrmes?<br />
moifiqre, rogor gamoiyeneb am xerxs WaSi an tbaSi wylis siRrmis<br />
gasazomad? SeiZleba Tu ara am xerxiT Tavad Wis, an romelime Rrmulis,<br />
magaliTad, ormos siRrmis gazomva?<br />
Tanamedrove gemebs aqvT specialuri xelsawyo, romelic ufro<br />
zustad zomavs wylis siRrmes. mis Sesaxeb Semdeg paragrafSi visaubrebT.<br />
$ 9. eqo<br />
Sen ici, rom merxevi sxeuli<br />
warmoqmnis bgeras. bgera vrceldeba<br />
haersa <strong>da</strong> wyalSi.<br />
Tanamedrove gemebs aqvT xelsawyo<br />
_ eqolokatori, romliTac<br />
maT SeuZliaT wylis siRrmis gazomva.<br />
misi moqmedeba emyareba bgeris<br />
unars gavrceldes wyalSi.<br />
eqolokatori warmoqmnis bgeras.<br />
bgera vrceldeba wyalSi <strong>da</strong><br />
miaRwevs fskers. Semdeg bgera<br />
airekleba fskeri<strong>da</strong>n <strong>da</strong> ukan brundeba.<br />
eqolokatori SeigrZnobs<br />
fskeri<strong>da</strong>n areklil bgeras <strong>da</strong> zomavs<br />
im manZils, romelic gaiara<br />
bgeram fskeramde.<br />
rodesac wyalSi bgeras win<br />
raime ga<strong>da</strong>eRobeba, magaliTad,<br />
fske ri, moxdeba bgeris arekvla,<br />
anu bgera ukan gamobruneba. igive<br />
xdeba haerSi bgeris gavrcelebisas.<br />
am movlenas SegiZlia advilad <strong>da</strong>akvirde did <strong>da</strong>rbazebSi, magali-<br />
Tad, kalaTburTis <strong>da</strong>rbazSi. TamaSis dros gamocemul bgerebs <strong>da</strong>rbazis<br />
kedlebi aireklaven <strong>da</strong> Cven gvesmis eqo.<br />
eqo aris areklili bgera.<br />
<strong>kosmosSi</strong> vakuumia _ uhaero sivrce, amitom iq bgera ar vrceldeba<br />
<strong>da</strong> maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, verc eqos gaigeb.<br />
zogierT cxovels SeuZlia eqos gamoyeneba. magaliTad, Ramura ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
Rame <strong>da</strong>frinavs <strong>da</strong> cu<strong>da</strong>d xe<strong>da</strong>vs Tu ra xdeba mis garSemo. SemTxveviT<br />
rom arafers ga<strong>da</strong>eyaros <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>ejaxos, frenis dros Ramura warmoqmnis<br />
bgerebs. bgerebi haerSi vrceldeba <strong>da</strong> Tu raime winaaRmdegoba<br />
<strong>da</strong>xv<strong>da</strong>, airekleba <strong>da</strong> ubrundeba<br />
Ramuras. Ramura SeigrZnobs eqos<br />
Ramura<br />
<strong>da</strong> am gziT <strong>da</strong>adgens mis garSemo<br />
sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva sxeulis mdebareobas,<br />
anu moaxdens eqolokacias. eqos<br />
wyalobiT Ramura gverds auqcevs<br />
gzaze arsebul winaaRmdegobas.<br />
eqos <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT igi haer-<br />
Si mwerebis adgilmdebareobasac<br />
kargad xvdeba <strong>da</strong> warmatebiT nadirobs.<br />
22 23<br />
eqo<br />
fskeri<br />
bgera<br />
wylis siRrmis gazomva eqolokatoriT
gera<br />
eqo<br />
eqolokacia<br />
Ramura<br />
delfini<br />
wyalqveSa<br />
navi<br />
<strong>da</strong>akvirdi suraTs <strong>da</strong> upasuxe:<br />
• ra mniSvneloba aqvs eqos Tevzebze monadire delfinisaTvis?<br />
• ra mniSvneloba aqvs eqos wyalqveSa navisaTvis?<br />
axla vnaxoT, ramdenad gamosadegia am paragrafi<strong>da</strong>n miRebuli codna<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwisken samogzaurod.<br />
• <strong>kosmosSi</strong> sivrce uhaeroa. gamodgeba eqolokatori <strong>kosmosSi</strong> asteroidebis<br />
adgilmdebareobis <strong>da</strong>sadgenad? de<strong>da</strong>miwis adgilmdebareobis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sadgenad?<br />
$ 10. brizebi. zRvis miqceva <strong>da</strong> moqceva<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwas gars akravs haeris fena.<br />
haeri mudmivad moZraobs. rodesac is iwyebs de<strong>da</strong>miwis mimarT<br />
hori zontaluri mimarTulebiT moZraobas, Cndeba qari.<br />
ratom warmoiqmneba qari?<br />
haeri de<strong>da</strong>miwis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva adgilSi araTanabrad Tbeba. qari aris<br />
haeris moZraoba im adgili<strong>da</strong>n, sa<strong>da</strong>c is ufro civia im adgilisaken, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
is ufro Tbilia.<br />
qari xmeleTze moZraobs erTi adgili<strong>da</strong>n meorisaken. magram man<br />
SeiZleba imoZraos agreTve zRvi<strong>da</strong>n xmeleTisaken an piriqiT, xmeleTi<strong>da</strong>n<br />
zRvisaken. aseT qars brizs eZaxian.<br />
dRisiT brizi moZraobs zRvi<strong>da</strong>n xmeleTisaken (suraTze 1), radgan<br />
xmeleTze haeri dRisiT ufro gamTbaria, vidre zRvis Tavze. saRamoTi<br />
ki brizi moZraobs xmeleTi<strong>da</strong>n zRvisaken (2), radgan am dros is ufro<br />
Tbilia zRvis Tavze.<br />
brizi<br />
rogorc xe<strong>da</strong>v, brizi garkveul wrebrunvas _ cikls eqvemdebareba.<br />
is wriulad _ ciklurad moZraobs zRvasa <strong>da</strong> xmeleTs Soris dReRamuri<br />
monacvleobiT.<br />
rodesac gemze an navze ialqans gaSlian, qari ialqans ubiZgebs <strong>da</strong><br />
navi qaris mimarTulebiT ga<strong>da</strong>adgildeba.<br />
ialqniani navi<br />
upasuxe: rodis gauadvildeba navs zRvi<strong>da</strong>n xmeleTze gamosvla,<br />
saRamoTi Tu dRisiT? pasuxi <strong>da</strong>asabuTe.<br />
24 25<br />
2<br />
1
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