(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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aRdgenis sizusteze, Tu ra moxda. ganvixiloT<br />
mowmis mexsiereba.<br />
mowmis mexsiereba<br />
mowme sasamarTloze debs fics _ „Tqvas<br />
simarTle da mxolod simarTle~. am TavSi Cven<br />
vnaxavT, rom mexsiereba zusti iqneba Tu mcdari,<br />
damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogor aris informacia<br />
aRbeWdili da emTxveva Tu ara aRdgenis pirobebi<br />
aRbeWdvis pirobebs. vinaidan fsiqologebma<br />
ician, rom adamianebma SeiZleba ver Tqvan<br />
„simarTle~ maSinac ki, rodesac es Zalian surT,<br />
maT yuradReba mowmis mexsierebaze gaamaxviles<br />
da misi Seswavla daiwyes. maTi mizani gamoZiebisTvis<br />
xelSewyoba da iseTi meTodis moZebnaa,<br />
romelic mowmis Cvenebis sizustes uzrunvelyofs.<br />
am mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani gamokvlevebi<br />
iqna Catarebuli elizabet loftusis da misi<br />
kolegebis mier (Elizabeth Loftus et al., 1979, 1992).<br />
maTi gamokvlevis ZiriTadi daskvna is iyo, rom<br />
mowmis mexsiereba (Cveneba) Zalian advilad<br />
icvleboda Semdgomi informaciebis gavleniT.<br />
magaliTad, cdis pirebs uCvenebdnen films, sadac<br />
avtokatastrofa xdeboda - ori manqana erTmaneTs<br />
ejaxeboda da sTxovdnen, ganesazRvraT manqanebis<br />
siCqare (Loftus & Palmer, 1974). maT erT nawils<br />
kiTxvas Semdegnairad usvamdnen: „ramdenad<br />
swrafad moZraobdnen manqanebi Sejaxebisas?~<br />
xolo meore nawils ki ekiTxebodnen: „ra siCqariT<br />
moZraobdnen manqanebi, rodesac isini er-<br />
TmaneTs Seejaxnen?~ pirvel SekiTxvaze cdis<br />
pirebis pasuxi saSualod 100km/sT iyo, meore<br />
kiTxvaze ki _ 80km/sT. erTi kviris Semdeg maT<br />
ekiTxebodnen: „dainaxeT Camsxvreuli minebi?~<br />
sinamdvileSi Camsxvreuli minebi filmSi ar<br />
iyo. miuxedavad amisa, pirveli jgufis cdis<br />
pirTa mesamedma aRniSna, rom dainaxa SuSis<br />
namsxvrevebi, xolo meore jgufidan ki mxolod<br />
14%-ma daasastura es. amrigad, movlenis Semdgom<br />
informacias arsebiTi gavlena aqvs mowmis<br />
Cvenebaze.<br />
movlenis Semdgomma informaciam SeiZleba<br />
daamaxinjos mowmis mexsiereba maSinac ki, rodesac<br />
cdis pirs gacnobierebuli aqvs, rom<br />
eqsperimentatori SeiZleba ecados mis SecdomaSi<br />
Seyvanas. is ver axerxebs Tavisi mexsierebis<br />
namdvili wyaros garCevas; veRar xedavs gansxvavebas<br />
movlenasa da mis Semdgom informacias<br />
Soris (Johnson et al., 1993; Weingardt et al., 1995).<br />
rogorc mosalodneli iyo, rodesac adamians<br />
ramdenjerme warudgenen mcdar informacias, igi<br />
swored mas miiCnevs ufro namdvilad (Mitchell<br />
& Zaragoza, 1996), Tumca, garkveuli winaaRmdegoba<br />
arsebobs am movlenis axsniTi meqanizmebis<br />
dadgenaSi (Lindsay, 1993; Loftus, 1992; Schreiber &<br />
Sergent, 1998). Semdgomi informaciis gavleniT<br />
mowmis Cvenebis Secvlis tendencia dadgenilad<br />
iTvleba. es gamokvlevebi adastureben im azrs,<br />
rom Tqveni mexsiereba icvleba _ rekonstruqcias<br />
ganicdis warsuli gamocdilebis sxvadasxva<br />
elementebis gavleniT.<br />
Cven ganvixileT aRbeWdvis, Senaxvisa da<br />
aRdgenis bevri mniSvnelovani Tavisebureba.<br />
dasasrul, mexsierebis am funqciebis biologiur<br />
safuZvlebs ganvixilavT.<br />
Sejameba<br />
mexsierebis ZiriTadi funqciaa msgavsi gamocdilebis<br />
erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, raTa garemoSi<br />
ukeT gaverkveT. cnebebi mentalur kategoriebs<br />
warmoadgenen. prototipebi iqmneba mTel Cvens<br />
gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT kategoriis wevrebis<br />
CaTvliT da, amdenad, yoveli axali wevris<br />
aRqmasTan erTad TviTonac icvleba. iqmneba<br />
erTgvari bazisuri done, romlis daxmarebiTac<br />
adamianebi ukeT axdenen kategorizacias da ukeT<br />
gaiazreben movlenebs. sqemebsa da konceptualur<br />
CarCoebSi gamocdilebis mozrdili monakveTebis<br />
kanonzomierebebi ukeT Cans, vidre cnebebi.<br />
rodesac informaciis zusti aRdgena ver<br />
xerxdeba, misi rekonstruqcia xdeba. rekonstruq-<br />
xangrZlivi mexsierebis struqturebi<br />
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