(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Zlieri nivTierebebi, rogoricaa<br />
stimulatorebi da narkotikebi, zrdida<br />
suiciduri da TviTdamangreveli azrebis<br />
sixSires da amcirebda socialur mxardaWeras,<br />
riTac xels uwyobda martoobas.<br />
nivTierebis efeqtebi icvleboda maTi<br />
tipisa da kombinirebuli gamoyenebis Sesatyvisad.<br />
ase, magaliTad, kokaini zrdida<br />
konfrontacias da asustebda axlo urTier-<br />
Tobebs, Tumca, fsiqologiuri da fizikuri<br />
janmrTelobisaTvis yvelaze damangrevel<br />
efeqts Zlieri nivTierebebisa da sigaretis<br />
kombinacia iZleoda.<br />
moulodneli iyo, rom mozardebTan,<br />
romlebic zomierad iRebdnen alkohols<br />
da sxvas arafers (aranair narkotiks), aRiniSneboda<br />
momatebuli socialuri integracia<br />
da TviTpativiscema. es mozardebi<br />
Tavis TanatolebTan SedarebiT ukeTesad<br />
adaptirebulni SeiZleba yofiliyvnen.<br />
fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebaTa saxeebi<br />
gavrcelebuli fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis<br />
nusxa mocemulia 6.1 cxrilSi (me-16 TavSi sxva<br />
tipis fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebze visaubrebT,<br />
romlebic fsiqikuri aSlilobebis dasaZlevad<br />
gamoiyeneba). Cven mokled mimovixilavT, Tu rogor<br />
aRwevs TiToeul klasSi Semavali nivTierebebi<br />
maTTvis damaxasiaTebel fiziologiur da<br />
fsiqologiur gavlenas; garda amisa, SevexebiT<br />
nivTierebebis borotad gamoyenebis pirovnul<br />
da socialur Sedegebs.<br />
cnobierebis yvelaze fundamentur cvlilebebs<br />
iwvevs nivTierebebi, romlebic halucinogenebis<br />
an fsiqodelikebis saxeliT aris<br />
cnobili. es nivTierebebi cvlis rogorc garegani<br />
samyaros, ise Sinagani cnobierebis aRqmas.<br />
rogorc dasaxelebidan Cans, es nivTierebebi<br />
xSirad iwveven halucinaciebs da `me~-sa da<br />
`ara me~-s Soris sazRvrebis gaqrobas. oTxi<br />
yvelaze cnobili halucinogenia meskalini<br />
(miiReba kaqtusisgan), fsilocibini (miiReba<br />
sokosgan) da LSD da PCP (sinTezirdeba<br />
laboratoriebSi). PCP, anu angelozis mtveri,<br />
iwvevs gansakuTrebulad ucnaur disociaciur<br />
reaqciebs, romlis drosac adamians ekargeba<br />
tkivilis SegrZneba, ibneva da garSemo arsebuli<br />
sinamdvilisgan gamocalkevebulad grZnobs Tavs.<br />
halucinogenuri nivTierebebi moqmedeben tvinSi<br />
specifikur receptorul ubnebze, qimiur neirotransmiterze<br />
_ serotoninze (Aghajanian & Marek,<br />
1993).<br />
kanafi fsiqoaqtiuri efeqtis mqone mcenarea.<br />
misi aqtiuri ingredientia THC, romelic<br />
napovnia rogorc haSiSsa (mcenaris dafxvnili<br />
fisi) da, aseve, marixuanaSi (mcenaris gamxmari<br />
foTlebi da yvavilebi). THC-s SesunTqviT<br />
gamowveuli gancdebis buneba damokidebulia<br />
dozirebaze: mcire dozebi iwvevs msubuq, sasiamovno<br />
gabruebas, didi dozebi ki _ xangrZliv<br />
halucinogenur reaqciebs. regularuli gamoyenebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi aRiniSneba eiforia, kargad<br />
yofnis gancda, sivrcisa da drois aRqmis rRveva<br />
da, ra Tqma unda, sxeulidan gasvlis gancdebi.<br />
Tumca, konteqstidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa<br />
negatiur efeqtsac hqondes adgili _ SiSi, SfoTva<br />
da dabneuloba. mkvlevrebma wlebis manZilze<br />
icodnen, rom kanafinoidebi, marixuanas aqtiuri<br />
qimiuri naerTebi, Semakaveblad moqmedebs tvinis<br />
specifikur receptorebze; es kanafinoiduri<br />
receptorebi hipokampSi, anu mexsierebaze pasuxismgebel<br />
Tavis tvinis ubnebSia ganlagebuli.<br />
mxolod bolo aTwleulSi iqna nakvlevi axlad<br />
aRmoCenili anandamidi _ neirotransmiteri,<br />
romelic, aseve, Semakavebel efeqts axdens igive<br />
receptorebze (Di Marzo et al., 1994; Staht, 1998). amitomac<br />
aRweven kanafinoidebi cnobierebis Semcvlel<br />
efeqts anandamidisadmi (tvinSi bunebrivad<br />
arsebuli nivTierebisadmi) mgrZnobiare tvinis<br />
ubnebze. garda amisa, mecnierebma aRmoaCines,<br />
rom Sokoladi Seicavs nivTierebas, romelic<br />
gavlenas axdens tvinis mier anandamidis moxmarebaze<br />
(di Tomaso et al., 1996) Sokoladis<br />
molekulebma SeiZleba Seakavos kanafinoiduri<br />
receptorebi an zemoqmedeba moaxdinos nervuli<br />
reaqciebis zomaze. es molekulebi ar aris aRmoCenili<br />
TeTr SokoladSi, riTac SeiZleba<br />
avxsnaT is faqti, rom adamianebs ufro xSirad<br />
undebaT rZisa da Savi Sokoladi.<br />
opiatebi, rogoricaa heroini da morfini,<br />
Trgunavs fizikur mgrZnobelobasa da gamRizianeblebze<br />
sapasuxo reaqciebs. heroinis intravenuri<br />
miRebis Tavdapirveli efeqtia siamovnebaSi<br />
gadaSveba _ yvela safiqralisa da sxeulebrivi<br />
moTxovnebis gacnobierebis adgils eiforiis<br />
grZnoba ikavebs. heroinis moxmareba<br />
cnobierebebis Semcvleli mdgomareobebi<br />
217
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