(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO (natia) ZIMBARDO
Tavi 8 / mexsiereba 294 suraTi 4.2 lokusis meTodi lokusis meTodSi Tqven akavSirebT dasamaxsovrebel sityvas (magaliTad, sayidlebiis siidan) nacnob adgilebTan (magaliTad, institutidan saxlisken mimaval gzaze). daimaxsovroT, ra gaqvT wamosaRebi supermarketidan, gonebaSi isini saTiTaod unda ganalagoT im gzaze, romliTac institutSi midixarT. Semdeg, mogonebisas „CamouvliT~ maT da gaixsenebT (ix. sur. 8.10). mimniSnebeli sityvis meTodi hgavs lokusis meTods, Tumca gansxvaveba isaa, rom mwkrivis wevrebs mimniSneblebs ukavSirebT da ara adgilebs. am meTodisTvis tipuri mimniSneblebi gariTmuli strofebia, sadac sityvebi cifrebs eriTmeba. magaliTad: erTi-skveri; ori-lori, sami-skami da sxv. SemTxveviTi informaciis daxsomebis gasaRebi informaciis iseTi saxiT dalagebaa, rom mimniSneblebma gagiadvilon aRdgena. metamexsiereba (Metamemory) _ implicituri an eqsplicituri codna mexsierebis unarebis da mexsierebis efeqturi strategiebis Sesaxeb; mexsierebis Semecneba. metamexsiereba davuSvaT, iseT situaciaSi xarT, rom raRacis mogoneba gWirdebaT. Tqven akeTebT yvelafers, rom gamoiyenoT mimniSneblebi, romlebic kodirebis situacias asaxaven, magram mainc verafers igonebT. nawilobriv, imis mizezi, rom aseT Zalisxmevas axmarT mogonebas, Tqveni darwmunebulobaa, rom Tqven flobT am informacias, magram, gacnobierebuli Tu gaqvT, ras warmoadgens Tqveni mexsiereba? iciT, Tu rogor muSaobs Tqveni mexsiereba? an saidan iciT, rom am informacias flobT? es metamexsierebis kiTxvebia. metamexsierebis mTavari kiTxvaa: _ rodis da ratom inaxeba mexsierebaSi gancda imisa, rom vici. pirveli, vinc Seiswavla es gancda, iyo j.T. harti (J. T. Hart, 1965), romelmac kvleva daiwyo imiT, rom studentebs usvamda kiTxvebs zogadi
fsiqologia Cvens cxovrebaSi yvelaze xSirad studentebi mexsierebis Sesaxeb gamokvlevebis wakiTxvis Semdeg svamen kiTxvas: _ „rogor gamoviyeno miRebuli informacia swrafad?~ „rogor momexmareba es gamokvlevebi momavali gamocdebis- Tvis mzadebaSi?~ vnaxoT, ra tipis rCevebi SeiZleba gamoviyvanoT am gamokvlevebidan: kodirebis specifikuroba. rogorc gaxsovT, kodirebis specifikurobis principi gulisxmobs, rom mogonebis konteqsti, anu pirobebi, romelSic mogoneba xdeba, daem- Txves kodirebis konteqsts. swavlis procesSi konteqsti xSirad „informaciis gansxvavebul konteqstsac~ niSnavs. Tu Tqven yovelTvis erTsa da imave konteqstSi swavlobT, gagiWirdebaT sxva konteqstSi misi aRdgena. ase magaliTad, Tu profesori odnav sxvagvarad dagisvamT kiTxvas, SeiZleba daibneT da ver upasuxoT, amitom Tqven swavlis procesSi konteqstebi unda cvaloT. gadaawyveT masala, dausviT Tqvens Tavs sxvadasxva ki- Txvebi, scadeT masalaSi axali kombinaciebis Seqmna, magram Tu mainc SeferxdebiT gamocdaze, scadeT gamoiyenoT rac SeiZleba meti mimniSnebeli, raTa pirveladi konteqsti aRadginoT: _ „es xom igivea, rac xanmokle mexsierebis leqciaze movismine~; rogor SeiZleba mexsierebis gamokvlevebi dagexmaroT gamocdebisTvis mzadebaSi mwkrivSi adgilmdebareobis efeqti. adgilmdebareobis efeqtis mruds Tu gavixsenebT, vnaxavT, rom masalis SuaSi ganlagebuli informacia yvelaze cudad gvamaxsovrdeba. faqtobrivad, studentebs ufro kargad axsovT leqciis dasawyisi da bolo, vidre Sua nawili (Holen & Oaster, 1976; Jensen, 1962). rodesac leqciaze xarT, ecadeT, swored leqciis Sua nawils miaqcioT gansakuTrebuli yuradReba. swavlis dros Tqven ganskuTrebuli Zalisxmeva unda gamoiyenoT masalis daswavlisaTvis, magram ecadeT, rom masala yovelTvis erTi da imave TanmimdevrobiT ar iswavloT. imasac miaqcieT yuradReba, rom es Tavi mexsierebis Sesaxeb wignis SuaSia ganlagebuli. Tu Tqven mTeli wigni gaqvT Casabarebeli, maSin mis swavlas meti Zalisxmeva unda moaxmaroT, vidre dasawyis, an bolo Tavebs; gadamamuSavebeli ganmeoreba da mnemonikuri xerxebi. zogjer, gamocdisTvis mzadebis procesSi iseTi gancda giCndebaT, TiTqos daulagebel, arastruqturirebul masalas swavlobT. vTqvaT, Tqven swavlobT tvinis gansxvavebuli nawilebis funqciebs. am Sem- TxvevaSi Tqven TviTon unda ipovoT masalis gadamuSavebis efeqturi gza _ an mxedvelobiTi warmodgenebi daixmareT, an winadadebebSi Car- TeT, an TiToeul cnebas patara istoria daukavSireT. am wignis erT-erT avtors dRemde axsovs Tavisi mnemonikuri xerxi, romelic gamoiyena fsiqologiis SesavalSi ventramedialurihipoTalamusis, romlis abreviaturac laTinurad aris VMH, dasamaxsovreblad. es iyo Very Much Hungry, magram rogorc me-12 TavSi naxavT, es mnemonikuri xerxi mas Semdeg ukve aRar aris iseTi zusti. gadamamuSavebeli ganmeoreba ki xels SegiwyobT naswavli kidev ufro ganamtkicoT; metamexsiereba. am sferoSi warmoebulma gamokvlevebma gviCvena, rom adamianebi kargad grZnoben, Tu ra ician da ra _ ara. rodesac Tqven gamocdaze xarT, sadac dro SezRudulia, Tqven unda miuSvaT Tqveni intuicia da andoT mas drois ganawileba. magaliTad, SegiZliaT bileTis mTeli kiTxvebi uceb gadaikiTxoT da naxoT, rogor grZnobT, romeli sakiTxi iciT ukeT. aris iseTi gamocdebic, sadac yvela kiTxvaze pasuxi savaldebulo ki ara, SerCeviTia, magram pasuxi siswrafes moiTxovs. aqac Tqvens intuicias unda endoT da im kiTxvebs unda upasuxoT, romelTa pasuxis siswore- Sic darwmunebuli xarT. imedi gvaqvs, rom axla metnaklebad gasagebia, Tu rogor SeiZleba mexsierebaSi Catarebuli gamokvlevebi gamocdebisTvis warmatebiT momzadebaSi dagexmaroT. xangrZlivi mexsiereba: kodireba da Senaxva 295
- Page 35 and 36: suraTi 7.11 operantuli kabina sagan
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- Page 39 and 40: cxrili 7.1 sampirobiani albaToba: d
- Page 41 and 42: aris (Chess & Thomas; 1984). savara
- Page 43 and 44: mocemul situaciaSi premakis princip
- Page 45 and 46: saSualod yovel 10 reaqcias mohyveba
- Page 47 and 48: ganxilvaze, romlebic daswavlis zoga
- Page 49 and 50: saidan viciT stimulisa da Sedegebis
- Page 51 and 52: kogniciis gavlena daswavlaze rogorc
- Page 53 and 54: adekvaturad reagireba da maTi 80% s
- Page 55 and 56: cxovrebaSi Zaladobis gamovlenis ara
- Page 57 and 58: ZiriTadi sakiTxebi ganpirobebuloba
- Page 59 and 60: Tavis avtobiografias marlon brando
- Page 61 and 62: _ Seqmna mexsierebis kvlevis meTode
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- Page 65 and 66: suraTi 8.3 informaciis gadasvla xan
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- Page 69 and 70: omelic mxolod xanmokle droiT inform
- Page 71 and 72: noben adamians, manam, sanam saubar
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- Page 75 and 76: dabolos: muSa mexsierebis mier xdeb
- Page 77 and 78: saidan viciT mkveTri suni mimniSneb
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- Page 85: siereba - meti daimaxsovroT da nakl
- Page 89 and 90: daxsomebas iwvevs. implicitur mexsi
- Page 91 and 92: suraTi 8.11 A prototipuli saxe da c
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- Page 97 and 98: aRdgenis sizusteze, Tu ra moxda. ga
- Page 99 and 100: suraTi 4.16 tvinis struqtura ......
- Page 101 and 102: epizoduri informaciis kodirebis dro
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- Page 109 and 110: maTi mimdinareobis specifikas zusta
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- Page 113 and 114: cxrili 9.3 1. raodenoba: Setyobineb
- Page 115 and 116: daakvirdiT, Tu ramdenad detaluri in
- Page 117 and 118: undebiT igive kiTxvas, romelic leqs
- Page 119 and 120: winadadeba: `kata uyurebda Tagvs, r
- Page 121 and 122: ufro zusti monacemebi Simpanzeebis
- Page 123 and 124: nis zRvarTan axlomyofi elferis garC
- Page 125 and 126: pongis?~ Tu Tqven ar gaxsovT, SegiZ
- Page 127 and 128: suraTi 9.9 students sTxoves, daexat
- Page 129 and 130: Tumca, Cveni yoveldRiuri problemebi
- Page 131 and 132: da mizani, vidre cudad gansazRvruli
- Page 133 and 134: ki saWiroa yuradReba miaqcioT Tokis
- Page 135 and 136: suraTi 9.15 abstraqtuli da sagnobri
fsiqologia Cvens cxovrebaSi<br />
yvelaze xSirad studentebi<br />
mexsierebis Sesaxeb gamokvlevebis<br />
wakiTxvis Semdeg svamen<br />
kiTxvas: _ „rogor gamoviyeno<br />
miRebuli informacia swrafad?~<br />
„rogor momexmareba es gamokvlevebi<br />
momavali gamocdebis-<br />
Tvis mzadebaSi?~ vnaxoT, ra<br />
tipis rCevebi SeiZleba gamoviyvanoT<br />
am gamokvlevebidan:<br />
kodirebis specifikuroba.<br />
rogorc gaxsovT, kodirebis<br />
specifikurobis principi gulisxmobs,<br />
rom mogonebis<br />
konteqsti, anu pirobebi, romelSic<br />
mogoneba xdeba, daem-<br />
Txves kodirebis konteqsts.<br />
swavlis procesSi konteqsti<br />
xSirad „informaciis gansxvavebul<br />
konteqstsac~ niSnavs.<br />
Tu Tqven yovelTvis<br />
erTsa da imave konteqstSi<br />
swavlobT, gagiWirdebaT sxva<br />
konteqstSi misi aRdgena. ase<br />
magaliTad, Tu profesori<br />
odnav sxvagvarad dagisvamT<br />
kiTxvas, SeiZleba daibneT<br />
da ver upasuxoT, amitom<br />
Tqven swavlis procesSi<br />
konteqstebi unda cvaloT.<br />
gadaawyveT masala, dausviT<br />
Tqvens Tavs sxvadasxva ki-<br />
Txvebi, scadeT masalaSi axali<br />
kombinaciebis Seqmna, magram<br />
Tu mainc SeferxdebiT<br />
gamocdaze, scadeT gamoiyenoT<br />
rac SeiZleba meti<br />
mimniSnebeli, raTa pirveladi<br />
konteqsti aRadginoT:<br />
_ „es xom igivea, rac xanmokle<br />
mexsierebis leqciaze<br />
movismine~;<br />
rogor SeiZleba mexsierebis gamokvlevebi<br />
dagexmaroT gamocdebisTvis mzadebaSi<br />
mwkrivSi adgilmdebareobis<br />
efeqti. adgilmdebareobis<br />
efeqtis mruds Tu gavixsenebT,<br />
vnaxavT, rom masalis SuaSi<br />
ganlagebuli informacia yvelaze<br />
cudad gvamaxsovrdeba.<br />
faqtobrivad, studentebs ufro<br />
kargad axsovT leqciis dasawyisi<br />
da bolo, vidre Sua nawili<br />
(Holen & Oaster, 1976; Jensen, 1962).<br />
rodesac leqciaze xarT, ecadeT,<br />
swored leqciis Sua nawils<br />
miaqcioT gansakuTrebuli<br />
yuradReba. swavlis dros<br />
Tqven ganskuTrebuli Zalisxmeva<br />
unda gamoiyenoT masalis<br />
daswavlisaTvis, magram ecadeT,<br />
rom masala yovelTvis erTi<br />
da imave TanmimdevrobiT ar<br />
iswavloT. imasac miaqcieT yuradReba,<br />
rom es Tavi mexsierebis<br />
Sesaxeb wignis SuaSia<br />
ganlagebuli. Tu Tqven mTeli<br />
wigni gaqvT Casabarebeli, maSin<br />
mis swavlas meti Zalisxmeva<br />
unda moaxmaroT, vidre dasawyis,<br />
an bolo Tavebs;<br />
gadamamuSavebeli ganmeoreba<br />
da mnemonikuri xerxebi. zogjer,<br />
gamocdisTvis mzadebis<br />
procesSi iseTi gancda giCndebaT,<br />
TiTqos daulagebel,<br />
arastruqturirebul masalas<br />
swavlobT. vTqvaT, Tqven swavlobT<br />
tvinis gansxvavebuli<br />
nawilebis funqciebs. am Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi Tqven TviTon unda<br />
ipovoT masalis gadamuSavebis<br />
efeqturi gza _ an mxedvelobiTi<br />
warmodgenebi daixmareT,<br />
an winadadebebSi Car-<br />
TeT, an TiToeul cnebas patara<br />
istoria daukavSireT. am<br />
wignis erT-erT avtors dRemde<br />
axsovs Tavisi mnemonikuri<br />
xerxi, romelic gamoiyena<br />
fsiqologiis SesavalSi ventramedialurihipoTalamusis,<br />
romlis abreviaturac<br />
laTinurad aris VMH, dasamaxsovreblad.<br />
es iyo Very<br />
Much Hungry, magram rogorc<br />
me-12 TavSi naxavT, es mnemonikuri<br />
xerxi mas Semdeg ukve<br />
aRar aris iseTi zusti.<br />
gadamamuSavebeli ganmeoreba<br />
ki xels SegiwyobT naswavli<br />
kidev ufro ganamtkicoT;<br />
metamexsiereba. am sferoSi<br />
warmoebulma gamokvlevebma<br />
gviCvena, rom adamianebi kargad<br />
grZnoben, Tu ra ician<br />
da ra _ ara. rodesac Tqven<br />
gamocdaze xarT, sadac dro<br />
SezRudulia, Tqven unda<br />
miuSvaT Tqveni intuicia da<br />
andoT mas drois ganawileba.<br />
magaliTad, SegiZliaT<br />
bileTis mTeli kiTxvebi<br />
uceb gadaikiTxoT da naxoT,<br />
rogor grZnobT, romeli<br />
sakiTxi iciT ukeT. aris<br />
iseTi gamocdebic, sadac<br />
yvela kiTxvaze pasuxi savaldebulo<br />
ki ara, SerCeviTia,<br />
magram pasuxi siswrafes<br />
moiTxovs. aqac Tqvens intuicias<br />
unda endoT da im<br />
kiTxvebs unda upasuxoT,<br />
romelTa pasuxis siswore-<br />
Sic darwmunebuli xarT.<br />
imedi gvaqvs, rom axla metnaklebad<br />
gasagebia, Tu rogor<br />
SeiZleba mexsierebaSi<br />
Catarebuli gamokvlevebi<br />
gamocdebisTvis warmatebiT<br />
momzadebaSi dagexmaroT.<br />
xangrZlivi mexsiereba: kodireba da Senaxva<br />
295
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