(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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siereba – meti daimaxsovroT da naklebi<br />
daiviwyoT. qveTavi „fsiqologia Cvens cxovrebaSi~<br />
dagexmarebaT, Tu rogor gamoiyenoT es<br />
codna swavlasTan mimarTebaSi. Tqven ukve iciT,<br />
rom informaciis aRdgena yvelaze ukeT xdeba,<br />
Tu mas igive konteqstSi igonebT, an gadamuSavebis<br />
igive tips iyenebT, romelic masalis<br />
Tavdapirvelad aRbeWdvis dros gamoiyeneT, magram<br />
aq garkveulwilad gansxvavebul viTarebasTan<br />
gvaqvs saqme da amis gagebaSi Cven dagexmarebiT.<br />
saqme exeba arastruqturirebul an SemTxveviT<br />
informacias.<br />
warmoidgineT, rom maRaziaSi muSaobT gamyidvelad.<br />
Tqven unda daimaxsovroT uamravi ram,<br />
rasac myidveli Tqvengan moiTxovs: „mwvane<br />
maisurian qals baRSi samuSao Sarvali da<br />
fexsacmlebi unda; cisferSarvlian mamakacs _ 2<br />
cali brtyeltuCa, 6 cali 0,25 zomis xraxni da<br />
saRebavis safxeki.~ es situacia Zalian hgavs<br />
eqsperimentis situacias, sadac Tqven dawyvilebuli<br />
asociaciebi unda dagemaxsovrebinaT.<br />
rogor daixsomeT sityvaTa wyvilebi, romlebic<br />
wina TavSi iyo warmodgenili? amocana, albaT,<br />
cota geZnelaT, radgan wyvilebi TqvenTvis<br />
gansakuTrebul azrs moklebuli iyo. mniSvnelobas<br />
moklebuli informaciis daxsomeba Znelia.<br />
imisaTvis, rom ar SegeSaloT, romel myidvels<br />
ra misceT, saWiroa iseTi asociaciebis damyareba,<br />
rom SemTxveviToba maqsimalurad gamoiricxos.<br />
gadamamuSavebeli ganmeoreba<br />
aRbeWdvis gansamtkiceblad gamoyenebul<br />
ZiriTad strategias gadamamuSavebeli ganmeoreba<br />
ewodeba. am teqnikis ZiriTadi idea isaa, rom,<br />
rodesac informaciis aRbeWdvisas masalas<br />
imeorebT, amiT misi gadamuSavebis SesaZleblobac<br />
izrdeba. gadamuSavebis erT-erTi gzaa<br />
araSemTxveviTi, azriani asociaciebis damyareba<br />
sityvebs Soris. magaliTad, Tu gindaT, daimaxsovroT<br />
sityvaTa wyvili Tagvi – xe, unda<br />
warmoidginoT xeze amZvrali Tagvi, romelic<br />
eZebs yvels. mogoneba ukeTesi iqneba, Tu informaciis<br />
calkeul nawilebs patara moTxrobis<br />
saxes miscemT (Bower, 1972). SegiZliaT, maRaziis<br />
SemTxvevaSi swrafad moifiqroT moTxroba, sadac<br />
TiToeul myidvels Tavisi moTxovnebiT adgils<br />
miuCendiT (amas patara praqtika sWirdeba). Tqven,<br />
albaT, mixvdiT kidec, rom, aseve, Zalian kargi<br />
saSualebaa Tqveni moTxrobis mxedvelobiTi<br />
warmodgenebiT gamdidreba. mxedvelobiTi<br />
warmodgenebi Zalian efeqturia mogonebisTvis,<br />
radgan erTdroulad ormagi kodirebis _<br />
verbaluris da mxedvelobiTis _ SesaZleblobas<br />
iZleva (Paivio, 1972).<br />
gadamamuSavebeli ganmeoreba, aseve, SesaZleblobas<br />
iZleva, dagicvaT mwkrivis Semdgomi<br />
efeqtisagan. magaliTad, rodesac pasuxis gacemis<br />
rigi an dro dgeba, xSirad adamians ar axsovs,<br />
ra Tqva uSualod misma winamorbedma. Tu odesme<br />
gqoniaT situacia, sadac wreSi myofs erTdroulad<br />
ramdenime adamians gacnoben, advilad<br />
gasagebi iqneba ra igulisxmeba am efeqtSi. ra<br />
erqva Tqven pirdapir mdgom qals? am efeqtis<br />
mizezi sakuTari saxelis, an sakuTari SeniSvnis<br />
Tqmaze yuradRebis gadatanaa (Bond et al., 1991).<br />
amis Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa gadamamuSavebeli<br />
ganmeoreba. gadaitaneT yuradReba<br />
mopirdapire qalis saxelze da roca gaigonebT<br />
„liza~, TqviT _ „icinis, rogorc mona liza~.<br />
mnemonika<br />
mexsierebis gaumjobesebis Semdegi saSualebaa<br />
specialuri strategiebis Seqmna, romelTac<br />
mnemonikuri xerxi ewodeba (berZnuli sityvidan<br />
„moigone~). mnemonika moicavs rCevebs, romlebic<br />
xels uwyoben faqtebis grZeli mwkrivis aRbeWdvas<br />
nacnob da adre aRbeWdil informaciasTan<br />
dakavSirebis gziT. bevri mnemonikuri xerxi mza<br />
mimniSneblebs iZleva, romelTac wesrigSi mohyavT<br />
SemTxveviTi informacia.<br />
ganvixiloT lokusis meTodi, romelic pirvelad<br />
berZenma oratorma gamoiyena. lokusi<br />
niSnavs „adgils~. lokusis meTodi niSnavs<br />
sityvis Tu movlenis adgilis mixedviT daxsomebas<br />
da aRdgenas, xolo oratorisTvis _<br />
xangrZlivi moxsenebis calkeuli nawilebis<br />
nacnob adgilebTan dakavSirebas. imisaTvis, rom<br />
gadamamuSavebeli ganmeoreba (Elaborative rehearsal)<br />
_ mexsierebis gazrdis meTodi, romliTac xdeba<br />
dasamaxsovrebeli informaciis gamdidreba.<br />
mnemonikuri xerxebi (Mnemonics) _ strategiebi<br />
an saSualebebi, romlebic xels uwyoben<br />
faqtebis grZeli mwkrivis aRbeWdvas nacnob<br />
da adre aRbeWdil informaciasTan dakavSirebis<br />
gziT.<br />
xangrZlivi mexsiereba: kodireba da Senaxva<br />
293
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