(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 8 / mexsiereba<br />
288<br />
xom ar SeniSneT Tavdamsxmelis garegnobaSi?~<br />
xolo, rodesac dazaralebuls uCveneben eWvmitanilTa<br />
fotoebs da ramdenimes Soris unda<br />
amoicnos konkretuli Tavdamsxmeli, an TviTon<br />
borotmoqmeds uCveneben policiis ganyofilebaSi,<br />
maSin cnobasTan gvaqvs saqme.<br />
axla gamoviyenoT es ori procedura, raTa<br />
SevamowmoT, Tu rogor daimaxsovreT sityvaTa<br />
wyvilebi ramdenime wuTis win. daasruleT<br />
sityvaTa wyvili:<br />
qudi _ ? velosipedi _ ? yuri _ ?<br />
SegiZliaT SearCioT is wyvilebi, romlebic<br />
daiswavleT?<br />
vaSli _ bavSvi Tagvi _ xe burTi _ saxli<br />
vaSli _ navi Tagvi _ ena burTi _ mTa<br />
vaSli _ boTli Tagvi _ karavi burTi _ rqa<br />
cnobis testi ufro advilia Tu mogonebis?<br />
asec unda iyos. axla am Sedegis axsna mogonebis<br />
mimniSneblebis daxmarebiT vcadoT.<br />
mogonebis mimniSneblebs uwodeben im saSualebebs,<br />
romlebic mexsierebaSi garkveuli informaciis<br />
moZebnaSi gexmarebaT. es mimniSnebeli<br />
SeiZleba modiodes garemodan, rogorc, vTqvaT,<br />
provokaciuli kiTxvebi („mexsierebis romel<br />
principebs daukavSirebdiT sperlingis da<br />
Stenbergis kvlevebs?~), an, SeiZleba, Tqven<br />
TviTon SeqmnaT („sad minaxavs igi adre?~). Tqven<br />
yovelTvis cdilobT, eqspliciturad gaixsenoT.<br />
amas garkveuli mizniT akeTebT da am mizans<br />
xSirad mogonebis mimniSneblis saSualebiT<br />
aRwevT. ar unda gagikvirdeT, rom advili iqneba<br />
gaxseneba Tu Zneli, damokidebulia mimniSnebelze.<br />
Tu Tqveni megobari gkiTxavT, „vin<br />
aris is imperatori, ver vigoneb?~ Tqven unda<br />
gamoicnoT vis gulisxmobs (faqtobrivad, es<br />
mogonebis mimniSneblebi (Retrieval cues) _ Signidan<br />
an garedan momdinare stimulebi, romlebic gvexmarebian<br />
mexsierebaSi garkveuli informaciis<br />
moZebnaSi.<br />
epizoduri mexsiereba (Episodic memories) _ xangr-<br />
Zlivi mexsiereba avtobiografiuli xasiaTis<br />
movlenebisTvis da im konteqstisTvis, sadac<br />
es movlenebi xdeba.<br />
semantikuri mexsiereba (Semantic memories) _ genetikuri,<br />
kategoriuli mexsiereba, rogoricaa sityvebis<br />
mniSvnelobebi da cnebebi.<br />
gamocnobanas TamaSi iqneba, magram Tu ikiTxavs:<br />
„vin iyo klaudiusis Semdeg imperatori?~ am<br />
kiTxvaze Tqven maSinve upasuxebT – „neroni~.<br />
davubrundeT isev mogonebasa da cnobas.<br />
mexsierebis orive testi moiTxovs mimniSneblebs,<br />
magram cnobis mimniSneblebi gacilebiT Sedegiania.<br />
mogonebis SemTxvevaSi Tqven mxolod<br />
mimniSnebels unda miendoT, radgan is migiTi-<br />
TebT informaciaze. cnobis SemTxvevaSi ki naxevari<br />
saqme gakeTebulia. rodesac uyurebT sityvaTa<br />
wyvils Tagvi _ xe, Tqven mxolod „ki~<br />
an „ara~ unda upasuxoT kiTxvas: „es aris, adre<br />
rac vnaxe (Tu viswavle?)?~ vidre maSin, rodesac<br />
pasuxobT: Tagvi _ ?; „ra vnaxe (ra viswavle)?~<br />
rogorc xedavT, cnobis testi mniSvnelovnad<br />
gagiadvileT, magram axla warmoidgineT, rom<br />
amis nacvlad adre mocemul wyvilebs areulad<br />
gaZlevT. romelia amaTgan swori:<br />
qudi _ saaTi yuri _ navi<br />
qudi _ Zvali yuri _ sabani<br />
axla Tqven unda icnoT ara swored is sityva,<br />
romelic adre naxeT, aramed misi Sesabamisi<br />
konteqstic (Cven isev gavixsenebT konteqstis<br />
ideas). Tu Tqven xSirad gagikeTebiaT mravlobiTi<br />
arCevanis testi, gecodinebaT, rogori cbieri<br />
SeiZleba iyos cnobis situacia, magram umravles<br />
SemTxvevaSi Tqveni cnobis Sedegebi ukeTesi<br />
iqneba, vidre mogonebis, radgan mogonebis<br />
mimniSneblebi cnobis SemTxvevaSi ufro mizanmimarTulia.<br />
axla mogonebis mimniSneblebis<br />
zogierT sxva aspeqtsac gavecnoT.<br />
epizoduri da semantikuri mexsiereba<br />
Cven ukve aRvniSneT, rom mexsierebis gansxvavebuli<br />
formebi arsebobs. Tqven gaqvT rogorc<br />
implicituri da eqsplicituri, ise deklaraciuli<br />
da proceduruli mexsiereba. Cven SegviZlia<br />
sxva ganzomilebac SemovitanoT, romlis mixedviTac<br />
deklaraciuli mexsierebis formebi gamoiyofa<br />
im mimniSneblebis gansxvavebis safuZvelze,<br />
romlebic aucilebelia informaciis<br />
mexsierebidan amosatanad. kanadelma fsiqologma<br />
endel tulvingma (Endel Tulving) 1972 wels<br />
pirvelma miuTiTa deklaraciuli mexsierebis<br />
epizodur da semantikur formaze.<br />
epizoduri mexsiereba individualurad inaxavs<br />
pirovnebis mier gancdil movlenebs.