(natia) ZIMBARDO

Tavi 6 / goneba, cnobiereba da Secvlili mdgomareobebi
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qcevaze. xvdebian ra tvinSi, ejaWvebian sinafsis
receptorebs da garkveuli reaqciebis blokirebas
an stimulirebas axdenen. amiT safuZvlianad
cvlian tvinis sakomunikacio sistemas,
zemoqmedeben aRqmaze, mexsierebaze, gunebaganwyobilebasa
da qcevaze. mocemuli nivTierebebis
gaxangrZlivebuli gamoyenebis Sedegad
viTardeba tolerantoba, anu imave efeqtis
misaRwevad ufro da ufro meti doza xdeba
saWiro (tolerantobis zogierT fsiqologiur
safuZvelze me-7 TavSi visaubrebT). tolerantobas
Tan sdevs fiziologiuri damokidebuleba,
procesi, romlis drosac organizmi eCveva da
damokidebuli xdeba mocemul nivTierebaze,
nawilobriv imitom, rom narkotikis xSiri arsebobiT,
SemcvelobiT gamoifiteba neirotransmiterebi.
tolerantobisa da damokidebulobis
tragikuli Sedegia miCveva. adamians, romelic
miCveulia mocemul nivTierebaze, organizmSi
esaWiroeba narkotiki da Tu nivTiereba ar aris
damangreveli, mtkivneuli simptomebiT (kankali,
oflianoba, gulisreva da alkoholis ararsebobis
zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki sikvdili) itanjeba.
Tu individi mocemuli nivTierebis gamoyenebas
imdenad sasurvelad da sasiamovnod miiCnevs,
rom viTardeba swrafva, Zlieri survili (miCvevis
an miCvevis gareSe), mdgomareobas fsiqologiur
damokidebulebas uwodeben. fsiqologiuri
damokidebuleba SeiZleba nebismieri nivTierebis
fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi (Psychoactive drugs) -
qimiuri naerTebi, romelic cnobieri aRqmis
droebiTi SecvliT zegavlenas axdens mentalur
procesebsa da qcevaze.
tolerantoba (Tolerance) - situacia, romelic
nivTierebis xangrZlivi gamoyenebis Sedegad
iqmneba, rodesac igive efeqtis misaRwevad individs
ufro da ufro meti doza sWirdeba.
fiziologiuri damokidebuleba (Psysiological dependence)
- procesi, rodesac organizmi eCveva
da damokidebuli xdeba mocemul nivTierebaze.
miCveva (Addiction) - mdgomareoba, rodesac organizmi
iTxovs narkotiks, raTa funqcionireba
SeZlos, mis arqonaze yovelgvari fizikuri da
fsiqologiuri reaqciebis gareSe; xSirad Tan
sdevs tolerantobasa da damokidebulobas.
fsiqologiuri damokidebuleba (Psychological dependence)
- narkotikis fsiqologiuri saWiroeba
an survili.
mimarT ganviTardes. nivTierebaze damokidebulebis
Sedegad adamianis cxovrebis stili
imdenad fokusirdeba narkotikis miRebis irgvliv,
rom izRudeba an mcirdeba misi funqcionirebis
SesaZlebloba. garda amisa, narkotikis
miRebis yoveldRiuri Cvevis Sesanar-
Cuneblad da danaxarjebis dasafarad xSirad
ubiZgebs nivTierebaze damokidebul individs
qurdobisken, yaCaRobisken, prostituciisken an
narkotikebiT vaWrobisken. dResdReobiT
narkotikebze miCvevis Tanmxlebi yvelaze momakvdinebeli
safrTxea hipodermuli nemsebis
Tanaziari moxmarebis Sedegad SidsiT daavadebis
saSiSroeba; intravenuri narkotikebis momxmareblebma
sruliad gauazreblad SeiZleba
`gauziaron~ organizmis siTxe imaTac, visac es
momakvdinebeli daavadeba aqvT.
mozardebi emociuri stresebisgan Tavis daRwevisa
da yoveldRiur stresorebTan gasamklaveblad
akrZaluli nivTierebebis gamoyenebis
Semdeg xangrZlivi uaryofiTi SedegebiT itanjebian.
saidan
viciT
nivTierebebis borotad gamoyenebis
Sedegebi
mozardebis mier narkotikebis moxmarebis
rvawliani kvleva 1976 wels daiwyo.
gamokvlevaSi monawileobda damamTavrebeli
klasis 1634 moswavle los anjelesidan.
sruli yovelwliuri monacemebi
Seikriba 739 monawileze. maT Soris 10%ze
naklebi regularulad an qronikulad
moixmarda narkotikebs, 10%-ze naklebs ki
saerTod ar hqonda narkotikebTan aranairi
Sexeba. miRebuli Sedegebis dayofa oTx
jgufad gaxda SesaZlebeli (Newcomb &
Bentler, 1988; Stacy et al., 1991):
narkotikis yoveldRiuri moxmareba
uaryofiTad moqmedebda pirovnul da socialur
adaptaciaze, arRvevda urTier-
Tobebs, amcirebda swavlis potencials,
zrdida kriminals Zaladobis gareSe da
xels uwyobda dezorganizebul azrovnebas.