(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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saidan<br />
viciT<br />
mwkrivis elementebis gamokveTa<br />
imisaTvis, rom matareblis liandagebi<br />
Tanabrad daSorebuli davinaxoT, saWiroa,<br />
liandagis Zelebi Tanabrad davaSoroT<br />
erTmaneTs. samagierod, nakls davinaxavT.<br />
mecnierebma es logika mexsierebis eqsperimentSi<br />
gamoiyenes, gaatares ra analogia<br />
sivrcesa da dros Soris. cdis pirebs<br />
sTxovdnen, daexsomebinaT asoTa mwkrivebi,<br />
magram gansxvavebuli droiTi intervalis<br />
pirobebSi. drois es cvlileba Semdegnairad<br />
xorcieldeboda: _ cdis pirebs unda<br />
waekiTxaT SemTxveviTi ricxvebis garkveuli<br />
raodenoba, romelic kompiuteris<br />
ekranze asoebs Soris Cndeboda. Cveulebriv<br />
pirobebSi, A nawilis msgavsad, 8.8 suraTze<br />
or wyvils Sua ori cifri Cndeboda. proporciul<br />
pirobebSi ki (B nawilis msgavsad)<br />
pirvel wyvils Soris 4 cifri iyo, xolo<br />
bolo wyvilebs Soris – arc erTi. amis<br />
Sedegad wina cifrebi ufro gamokveTili<br />
unda yofiliyo iseve, rogorc liandagis<br />
SemTxvevaSi moSorebuli Zeli Canda ufro<br />
Sors. marTlac, cdis pirebi ukeT ixsomebdnen<br />
Soreul (adre aRqmul) masals im<br />
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac es wevrebi ukeT<br />
iyvnen gamokveTilni (Neath & Crowder, 1990).<br />
es eqsperimenti imaze miuTiTebs, rom standartuli<br />
daboloebis efeqts adgili aqvs imitom,<br />
rom mwkrivis bolo wevrebi ukve avtomaturad<br />
gamokveTilia. igive principiT SeiZleba<br />
avxsnaT dasawyisis efeqti: _ yovel jerze Tqven<br />
raRac axals iwyebT, axal konteqsts qmniT. am<br />
axal konteqstSi pirveli ramdenime mocemulobaa<br />
gamokveTili. amrigad, dasawyisis da daboloebis<br />
efeqti SegiZliaT ganixiloT, rogorc erTi da<br />
igive liandagis mimarT ori pozicia _ TiToeuli<br />
TiTo bolodan.<br />
mogonebis mimniSneblebi<br />
ramdenadac Cven vagrZelebT aRbeWdvasa da<br />
mogonebaze saubars, droa Tqveni mexsierebac<br />
CavrToT muSaobaSi. vecdebiT gavimeoroT<br />
klasikuri eqsperimenti mexsierebaze da amitom<br />
gTxovT daimaxsovroT sityvaTa ramdenime wyvili.<br />
gaimeoreT da daiswavleT es wyvilebi manam,<br />
sanam eqvsives samjer uSecdomod zepirad ar<br />
ityviT:<br />
vaSli – navi<br />
qudi – Zvali<br />
velosipedi – saaTi<br />
Tagvi – xe<br />
burTi – saxli<br />
yuri – sabani<br />
Tu Tqven ukve daiswavleT sityvaTa wyvilebi,<br />
am tests kidev ufro sainteresos gavxdiT. axla<br />
gvWirdeba Senaxvis intervali – dro, romlis<br />
ganmavlobaSic unda SeinaxoT informacia<br />
mexsierebaSi. modiT, drois gayvanis mizniT,<br />
visaubroT zogierT proceduraze, romelsac<br />
Tqveni mexsierebis Sesamowmeblad gamoviyenebT.<br />
Tqven SeiZleba gadawyvitoT, rom gaxsovT, an<br />
ar gaxsovT raRac da mexsierebis romeli meTodiTac<br />
ar unda Segamowmon, erTnair Sedegs<br />
miiRebT. es ar aris ase. magaliTad, Cven vnaxavT,<br />
rom implicituri da eqsplicituri mexsierebis<br />
testebi sruliad gansxvavebul Sedegebs gvaZleven.<br />
jerjerobiT ganvixiloT eqsplicituri<br />
mexsierebis ori meTodi: mogoneba da cnoba.<br />
mogonebis dros xdeba adre miwodebuli<br />
informaciis reproduqcia. „ra aris rigSi adgilmdebareobis<br />
efeqti?~ es kiTxva mogonebis kiTxvaa.<br />
cnobis dros ki imis gacnobiereba xdeba, rom<br />
raRac movlena swored isaa, romelic Tqven<br />
adre aRiqviT (gaigoneT an dainaxeT). „ra ewodeba<br />
mxedvelobiT sensorul mexsierebas: (1) eqo; (2)<br />
engrama; (3) xati Tu (4) abstraqtuli kodi?~ es<br />
ki cnobis kiTxvaa. cnoba da mogoneba Tqvens<br />
yoveldRiur eqsplicitur mexsierebasac ukavSirdeba.<br />
kriminaluri pirovnebis dasadgenad policia<br />
mogonebis meTods iyenebs, rodesac dazaralebuls<br />
sTxovs aRweros da moigonos borotmoqmedis<br />
specifikuri niSnebi: _ „rame ucnauri<br />
mogoneba (Recall) _ aRdgenis meTodi, romlis<br />
drosac individs moeTxoveba adre miwodebuli<br />
informaciis reproduqcia.<br />
cnoba (Recognition) _ aRdgenis meTodi, romlis<br />
drosac individs moeTxoveba imis gacnobiereba,<br />
rom raRac movlena swored isaa, romelic Tqven<br />
adre aRiqviT (gaigoneT, an dainaxeT).<br />
xangrZlivi mexsiereba: kodireba da Senaxva<br />
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