(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 8 / mexsiereba<br />
286<br />
suraTi 8.8<br />
konteqstis mixedviT<br />
gansxvaveba<br />
Tqven SegiZliaT Tqvens mexsierebaSi<br />
informacia matareblis<br />
liandagis msgavsad<br />
warmoidginoT. A nawilis analogiurad,<br />
SegiZliaT ifiqroT,<br />
rom didi xnis win Tqvens<br />
mexsierebaSi Semosuli informacia<br />
erTmaneTzea mWidrod<br />
miwyobili, rogorc<br />
moSorebiT ganlagebuli liandagis<br />
`Spalebi~, B nawilSi<br />
ki vxedavT, rom am efeqtis<br />
acilebis erT-erTi gzaa adre<br />
miRebuli es `Spalebi~ erTmaneTisgan<br />
proporciulad da-<br />
Sorebulad ganvalagoT. aseve,<br />
SegiZliaT Zveli informacia<br />
gamokveToT fsiqologiurad<br />
gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobebis<br />
miniWebis gziT.<br />
daxsomebis dros (Jahnke, 1965). mecnierebma daadgines,<br />
rom dasawyisis da daboloebis efeqti<br />
bevr satesto situaciaSic moqmedebs (Crowder,<br />
1976; Neath, 1993). ra dRea dRes? daijerebT, rom<br />
erTi wamiT ufro swrafad upasuxebT am kiTxvaze<br />
kviris dasawyisSi da bolos, vidre Sua kviraSi<br />
(Koriat & Fischoff, 1974)?<br />
mrudis aseTi forma mwkrivis wevrebis gansxvavebuli<br />
konteqstualuri mniSvnelobiT, Tqveni<br />
cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis Sinaarsebis<br />
gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobiT da sxva faqtorebiT<br />
aixsneba (Knoedler et al., 1999, Marks & Crowder, 1997;<br />
Neath & Knoedler, 1994). konteqstualuri gansxva-<br />
rigSi adgilmdebareobis efeqti (Serial position<br />
effect) _ mexsierebidan informaciis aRdgenis procesis<br />
maxasiaTebeli, rodesac mwkrivis dasawyisi<br />
da bolo wevrebis ukeT mogoneba xdeba,<br />
vidre mwkrivis Sua wevrebisa.<br />
dasawyisis efeqti (primacy effect) _ mwkrivis pirveli<br />
wevrebis ukeT daxsomeba.<br />
daboloebis efeqti (recency effect) _ mwkrivis bolo<br />
wevrebis ukeT daxsomeba.<br />
konteqstualuri gamokveTa (contextual distinctiveness)<br />
_ Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviTac mwkrivis<br />
adgilmdebareobis efeqtze SeiZleba gavlena<br />
moaxdinos konteqstma da gamokveTilma warsulma<br />
gamocdilebam.<br />
vebis gasagebad SeiZleba dasvaT kiTxva: „ramdenad<br />
gansxvavdeboda situacia (konteqsti), romelSic<br />
me miviRe informacia, im situaciisgan, romel-<br />
Sic me unda aRvadgino is?~ SevCerdeT daboloebis<br />
efeqtze. 8.8 suraTze mocemulia vizualuri<br />
gamokveTilobis magaliTi. warmoidgineT,<br />
rom suraTze Tqven matareblis liandags xedavT.<br />
Tqveni yuradReba liandagis bolozea (suraTis<br />
ukana nawilze) mimarTuli da xedavT, rom<br />
boloSi, horizontze liandagebis Zelebi TiTqos<br />
uerTdebian erTmaneTs, Tumca, Tanabrad arian<br />
sivrceSi daSorebulni. Cven ki SegviZlia vTqvaT,<br />
rom wina nawilSi ganlagebuli liandagebi<br />
gvecema TvalSi da is Tqveni (liandagis bolosgan)<br />
konteqstisgan gansxvavebulia. axla warmoidgineT,<br />
rom gindaT, moigonoT bolos nanaxi<br />
aTi kinosuraTi. am SemTxvevaSic liandagis<br />
msgavsi situacia gvaqvs. umravles SemTxvevaSi,<br />
Tqven bolo suraTs ukeT warmoidgenT, radganac<br />
Tqven gamoyofT erTmaneTSi areuli suraTebidan<br />
imas, romelic ufro axlo warsuls miekuTvneba.<br />
am logikas Tu gavyvebiT, „Sua~ informacia ukeT<br />
daxsomebadi gaxdeba, Tu mas ufro gamovkveTavT<br />
(erTmaneTSi areuli aRar iqneba). es idea gaTvaliswinebulia<br />
8.8B suraTze, sadac liandagebi<br />
erTmaneTisgan Tanabrad arian daSorebulni.