(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 8 / mexsiereba<br />
284<br />
kodirebis specifikurobis principSi: - mexsiereba<br />
yvelaze efeqturad maSin moqmedebs, rodesac<br />
aRdgenis procesis konteqsti kodirebis konteqsts<br />
emTxveva. vnaxoT, Tu rogor moaxdines mecnierebma<br />
am principis demonstrireba.<br />
kodirebis specifikuroba<br />
ra mniSvneloba aqvs konkretul konteqstSi<br />
informaciis swavlas? pirvelad endel tulvingma<br />
da donald tompsonma 1973 wels moaxdines<br />
kodirebis specifikurobis mniSvnelobis demonstrireba,<br />
rodesac mogonebasa da cnobas Soris<br />
Cveuli urTierTdamokidebulebis sawinaaRmdego<br />
Sedegi miiRes.<br />
saidan<br />
viciT<br />
kodirebis specifikuroba gavlenas<br />
axdens cnobasa da mogonebaze<br />
cdis pirebs sTxoven, daiswavlon<br />
sityvaTa mwkrivebi, magaliTad, vagoni _<br />
Savi, magram, amave dros, afrTxileben, rom<br />
maT unda daixsomon wyvilis mxolod meore<br />
sityva. eqsperimentis Semdeg stadiaze maT<br />
sTxoven sityvaze TeTri oTx Tavisufal<br />
asociacias. es sityva specialurad aris<br />
SerCeuli imisTvis, rom am asociaciaTa<br />
Soris sityva Savi aRmoCndes. amis Semdeg<br />
cdis pirebs sTxoven, icnon am asociaciebSi<br />
is sityva, romelTa daxsomebac maT<br />
eqsperimentis pirvel fazaSi wyvilebidan<br />
moeTxovebodaT. cdis pirebma mxolod 54%is<br />
mogoneba SeZles. xolo maSin, rodesac<br />
wyvilis pirveli wevri dausaxeles, 61 %<br />
aRadgines.<br />
ratom iyo mogoneba ukeTesi, vidre cnoba?<br />
tulvingis da tomsonis mixedviT, amis mizezi<br />
konteqstis Secvlaa. cdis pirebisTvis, romlebmac<br />
sityva Savi daixsomes vagonis konteqstSi,<br />
kodirebis specifikuroba (Encoding specificity) _<br />
es principi gulisxmobs, rom aRdgenili informaciis<br />
raodenoba matulobs, Tu daxsomebis da<br />
aRdgenis procesSi erTi da igive mimniSneblebi<br />
moqmedeben.<br />
rodesac quCaSi moZraobis wesebis<br />
daRvevis Semdeg SexvdebiT<br />
am kacs, ratom ver cnobT? mas<br />
xom wveulebaze SexvdiT?<br />
Zneli iyo misi aRdgena, roca konteqsti sityva<br />
TeTriT Seicvala. Tuki aseT mniSvnelovan<br />
cvlilebas konteqstis es minimaluri cvlileba<br />
iZleva, warmoidgineT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi<br />
arsebuli rTuli konteqstebis cvalebadoba<br />
ramdenad did efeqts gamoiwvevs.<br />
mecnierebma SeZles mexsierebaze konteqstis<br />
sakmaod Zlieri gavlenis eqsperimentuli gamowveva.<br />
erT-erT aseT eqsperimentSi myvinTavebi<br />
swavlobdnen sityvaTa mwkrivs zRvis napirze<br />
da wyalqveS. Semdeg ki imave sityvaTa Semowmeba<br />
am or konteqstSi (napirze da wyalqveS) xdeboda.<br />
aRmoCnda, rom daxsomebis efeqturoba 50%-iT<br />
meti iyo, rodesac kodireba da aRdgena erTnair<br />
pirobebSi, erT konteqstSi xdeboda, Tumca, TviT<br />
masalas araferi saerTo ar hqonda arc napirTan<br />
da arc yvinTvasTan (Gooden & Baddeleyi, 1975). aseve,<br />
daxsomeba ukeTesia, Tu masalis aRdgenisas Tanmxlebi<br />
musika igivea, rac daxsomebisas (Balch &<br />
Lewis, 1996). Sabis eqsperimentSi daxsomebis efeqturoba<br />
ufro maRali iyo, rodesac Sokoladis<br />
sunis fonze xdeboda daxsomeba da aRdgena (Schab,<br />
1990). sunsa da konteqstis efeqts Soris<br />
urTierTkavSirze Catarebulma eqsperimentebma<br />
gamoavlina, rom yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi<br />
gansxvavebuli suni gansxvavebul gavlenas axdens<br />
konteqstis efeqtze.
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