(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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xevian da glosolaliis (lingvistur Sinaarss<br />
moklebuli xelovnurad Seqmnili<br />
ena) gaurkvevel, eqstazur „axal enaze~<br />
metyvelebaze gadadian... maTi xelebi<br />
erTmniSvnelovnad civia, cecxlis xelSi<br />
daWeris Semdegac ki. es situacia SesaZloa<br />
Tanxvdebodes sxva religiur kulturebSi<br />
arsebuli transuli mdgomareobebis kvlevebis<br />
monacemebs. es mexsierebis arqoniT,<br />
TiTqmis sensoruli amneziiTac SeiZleba<br />
aixsnas, ris sailustraciod mkvlevrebs<br />
gvelebisa da cecxlis xelSi mWerTa magaliTebi<br />
mohyavT (Watterlond, 1983, gv. 53, 55)<br />
gvelis xelSi damWerTa religiuri jgufis<br />
wevrebis fsiqologiurma kvlevam aCvena, rom<br />
isini kargad adaptirebuli, gawonasworebuli<br />
adamianebi arian, romlebic jgufSi yofniT<br />
Zlier fsiqologiur da socialur mxardaWeras<br />
iReben. „sulis momaswaveblebis~ ritualSi monawileoba<br />
„maTTvis personaluri jildos tolfasia,<br />
romelsac maTi cxovrebis verc erTi<br />
aspeqti ver gautoldeba~ (Watterlond, 1983).<br />
cnobierebis Semcvleli<br />
nivTierebebi<br />
adamianebi antikuri xanidan iyenebdnen<br />
sxvadasxva nivTierebebs realobis aRqmis<br />
Sesacvlelad. arsebobs arqeologiuri monacemebi,<br />
rom aSS-is samxreT-dasavleTsa da meqsikaSi<br />
10 000 wlis manZilze uwyvetad iyenebdnen<br />
„Rrma Zilis marcvlebs~ (sophora seed) anu<br />
meskalis 5 marcvals. antikuri actekebi ludSi<br />
azavebdnen meskalis marcvlebs. antikuri xanidan<br />
moyolebuli, CrdiloeT da samxreT amerikis<br />
mcxovreblebis ritualebis nawils Seadgenda<br />
Teonanaqtalis, fsilocibis sokos gadaylapva,<br />
romelic „RmerTebis sxeulis~ saxeliTac aris<br />
cnobili. am sokos mcire dozebi naTel<br />
halucinaciebs iwvevs.<br />
dasavlur kulturebSi narkotikebi garTobasTan,<br />
dasvenebasTan ufro asocirdeba, vidre<br />
jgufur sakralur ritualebTan. adamianebi mTel<br />
msoflioSi iReben narkotikebs, raTa modundnen,<br />
gaumklavdnen stresebs, Tavi aaridon arsebuli<br />
realobis usiamovnebebs, komfortulad igrZnon<br />
5 erTgvari narkotiki.<br />
Tavi socialur situaciebSi an ganicadon cnobierebis<br />
Secvlili mdgomareobebi. as welze<br />
meti xnis win uiliam jemsi, romlis citirebac<br />
Cven ukve ramodenimejer movaxdineT, rogorc<br />
amerikaSi fsiqologiis damfuZneblis, aRwerda<br />
cnobierebis Semcvlel nivTierebebze mis mier<br />
Catarebul eqsperimentebs. azotis oqsidis<br />
SesunTqvis Semdeg jemsi aRniSnavda, rom „am<br />
mdgomareobis umniSvnelovanesi momentia Zlieri<br />
metafizikuri iluminaciis moWarbebuli aRmagznebeli<br />
SegrZneba. WeSmariteba TiTqmis<br />
uxilavi movlenebis siRrmeSia da amavdroulad<br />
Riaa dakvirvebisaTvis. goneba myisierad da<br />
TvalSisacemi sisxartiT wvdeba arsebulis<br />
yvela logikur mimarTebas da amis analogi ar<br />
moiZebneba normalur cnobierebaSi; ver gavavlebT<br />
paralels normaluri cnobierebis funqcionirebasTan~<br />
(James, 1882, p.186). amgvarad, cnobierebis<br />
Seswavlisadmi jemsis interesi cnobierebis<br />
TviTgamowveuli Secvlili mdgomareobis<br />
kvlevamde gafarTovda.<br />
cnobierebis Secvlis mizniT nivTierebebis<br />
gamoyenebis popularizacia aldos haqslis (Aldos<br />
Huxley, 1954) publikaciis _ „aRqmis karibWis~ gamoqveynebis<br />
Semdeg daiwyo. haqsli sakuTar cnobierebaze<br />
meskaliniT eqsperimentirebda. misi wignis<br />
gamosvlidan ramdenime aTwleulis Semdeg, 1998<br />
wels Catarebuli gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT,<br />
romelSic 12 wlidan zemoT asakis daaxloebiT<br />
25 500 moqalaqe monawileobda, aSS-is moqalaqeTa<br />
6,2% aRniSnavda, rom ukanaskneli erTi<br />
wlis manZilze miRebuli hqonda erTi an meti<br />
akrZaluli nivTiereba (Substance Abuse and Mental<br />
Health Services Administration - SAMHSA, 1999). sixSire<br />
gacilebiT maRali iyo gviani mozardobis asakSi:<br />
16-17 wlis mozardebis 16,4% da 18-20 wlis mozardebis<br />
19,9% aRniSnavda narkotikebis romelime<br />
tipis moxmarebas. garda amisa, SerCevis 51,7%<br />
gamokiTxvamde erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi xandaxan<br />
iRebda alkohols, 27,7% ki - eweoda sigarets. es<br />
monacemebi xsnis imas, Tu ratom dgas aucileblobiT<br />
mecnierTa dRis wesrigSi narkotikebis<br />
gamoyenebis mizezebisa da Sedegebis kvleva.<br />
damokidebuleba da miCveva<br />
fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi qimiuri naerTebia,<br />
romelic cnobieri aRqmis droebiTi SecvliT<br />
zegavlenas axdens mentalur procesebsa da<br />
cnobierebebis Semcvleli mdgomareobebi<br />
215
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