(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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viRacam migaqcevinaT yuradReba am sityvaze,<br />
rogorc am konkretuli sagnis saxelze.<br />
es gansxvaveba implicitur da eqsplicitur<br />
mexsierebas Soris Zalian afarTovebs mexsierebis<br />
Sesaxeb Sesaswavl sakiTxTa diapazons<br />
(Buchner & Wipich, 2000; Roediger, 1990). tradiciulad,<br />
ebinghausis Semdeg, mkvlevarTa umravlesoba<br />
eqsplicitur mexsierebas Seiswavlida. eqsperimentatorebi,<br />
Cveulebriv, informaciis daxsomebas<br />
Txovdnen cdis pirebs, xolo mexsierebis<br />
Teoriebis mizani iyo, aexsnaT am pirobebSi<br />
daxsomebis da daviwyebis faqtebi da kanonzomierebani.<br />
axla ki, rogorc Semdgom am Tavis<br />
gacnobisas vnaxavT, Seiqmna meTodebi implicituri<br />
mexsierebis Sesaswavladac. amrigad, axla<br />
ufro ukeT SegviZlia gavigoT mexsierebis<br />
saWiroebis da gamoyenebis mravalferovneba. axla<br />
ukve viciT, rom informaciis aRbeWdvis da<br />
aRdgenis procesebSi monawileobs rogorc<br />
eqsplicituri, ise implicituri mexsiereba (Toth.,<br />
et al., 1994). axla ganvixiloT sxva kriteriumis<br />
safuZvelze gamoyofili mexsierebis formebi.<br />
deklaraciuli da proceduruli<br />
mexsiereba<br />
SegiZliaT stvena? aba, midiT, daustvineT;<br />
Tu stvena ar SegiZliaT, maSin TiTebi daatkacuneT.<br />
mexsierebis romeli formaa pasuxismgebeli<br />
am moqmedebebze? Tqven SeiZleba gaxsovT<br />
kidec, rogor swavlobdiT am moqmedebebs, magram<br />
axla amas yovelgvari Zalisxmevis gareSe ake-<br />
TebT. zemoT moyvanili eqsplicituri da implicituri<br />
mexsierebis Sesaxeb magaliTebi<br />
faqtebisa da movlenebis daxsomebas exeba,<br />
romelsac deklaraciuli mexsiereba ewodeba,<br />
magram, rogorc vxedavT, gvaqvs mexsiereba imisac,<br />
Tu rogor unda vimoqmedoT, an gavakeToT raime,<br />
rac proceduruli mexsierebis kompetenciaa.<br />
ramdenadac am Tavis didi nawili faqtebis da<br />
movlenebis daxsomebas da mogonebas exeba,<br />
saWiroa imis ganxilvac, Tu rogor viZenT raimes<br />
gakeTebis, an raRac moqmedebis Sesrulebis unars.<br />
proceduruli mexsiereba mimarTulia im<br />
gzebis daxsomebaze, romelic raime moqmedebis<br />
Sesrulebas, an raimes gakeTebas ganapirobebs.<br />
is safuZvlad udevs perceptuli, kognituri da<br />
motoruli Cvevebis SeZenas. proceduruli<br />
mexsierebis Teoriebi yvelaze xSirad daswavlis<br />
droSi mimdinareobaze amaxvileben yuradRebas<br />
(Anderson, 1996, Anderson et al., 1999): rogor xdeba<br />
gadasvla garkveuli aqtivobis Sesaxeb deklaraciuli<br />
faqtebis CamonaTvalidan igive aqtivobis<br />
aracnobier, avtomatur Sesrulebaze? an<br />
ratom xdeba, rom Cvevis gamomuSavebis Semdeg<br />
xSirad gviZneldeba am Cvevis gamomuSavebis<br />
procesis met-naklebad detaluri gaxseneba da<br />
deklaraciuli faqtebis aRdgena, romelic, Tavis<br />
droze, safuZvlad daedo am Cvevis SemuSavebas.<br />
am fenomenis TvalsaCinod warmosadgenad<br />
gavarCioT Semdegi martivi moqmedeba - telefonze<br />
nomris akrefa. Tavidan, rodesac telefonze<br />
darekvas cdilobdiT, gixdebodaT yoveli cifris<br />
akrefis win dafiqreba, anu moqmedebdiT deklaraciuli<br />
faqtebiT:<br />
Tavidan unda avkrifo 2,<br />
Semdeg unda avkrifo 3,<br />
Semdeg isev 3<br />
da a.S.<br />
magram, Tu sakmaod xSirad mogiwiaT am nomris<br />
akrefa, ukve aRar anawevrebT telefonis nomers<br />
cnobierebaSi calkeul cifrebad, aramed<br />
erTianad, uswrafesad, meqanikurad krefT nomers.<br />
am process codnis kompilacia ewodeba (Anderson,<br />
1987). praqtikis Sedegad Tqven SegiZliaT<br />
sxvadasxva moqmedebebis TanmimdevrobiT Sed-<br />
deklaraciuli mexsiereba (Declarative memory) _<br />
mimarTulia faqtebisa da movlenebis daxsomebaze.<br />
proceduruli mexsiereba (Procedural memory) _<br />
mimarTulia imaze, Tu rogor unda Sesruldes<br />
moqmedeba; rogor, ra gziT unda moxdes perceptuli,<br />
kognituri da motoruli Cvevebis<br />
SeZena da gamoyeneba.<br />
ra aris mexsiereba?<br />
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