(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO (natia) ZIMBARDO
Tavi 7 / daswavla da qceviTi analizi 260 nituri rukis gasagebad yuradReba unda mivaqcioT im funqciebs, romlebsac isini emsaxurebian: cxovelebi sivrcobriv mexsierebas iyeneben sakuTari garemos Tvisebebis amosacnobad; maTTvis mniSvnelovani samizne obieqtebis misagnebad; garemoSi sakuTari rutinis dasagegmad. Tqven SegiZliaT dainaxoT kognituri rukebis sxvadasxva funqcia frinvelTa sxvadasxva saxeobebSi. es frinvelebi inaxaven saWmels far- To arealze, magram unari aqvT, zustad miagnon saWmels saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi. klarkis TxilCita Cempionia saWmlis gadanaxvaSi. gvian zafxulSi es frinveli marxavs 6000 fiWvis Tesls amerikis samxreTdasavleT nawilis mTebSi. isini marcvals momaval gazafxulze eZeben, anu maSin, rodesac damaluli sakvebi sWirdebaT bartyebisaTvis (Shettleworth, 1993, gv. 180). Citebi ara mxolod dafrinaven erT gansazRvrul garemoSi, aramed, TuUgaumarTlaT, marcvlebs ki ar esevian, isini miwaSi flaven maT nawils da gansazRvruli drois Semdeg 84% sizustiT brundebian am adgilze (Kamil & Balda, 1990). isini kargad agneben im adgilebsac, sadac adre hqondaT marcvlebi, magram isini ukve carielia. Citebis is saxeobebi, romlebic didad arian damokidebulni gadamalul sakvebze, qceviT maRla dganan maTTan yvelaze axlomdgom saxeobebTanac ki. aranairi gansxvaveba qcevis warmatebulobas Soris araa am saxeobisTvis, romelic samalavis magivrad laboratoriaSi sivrcobriv eqsperimentSi monawileobs (Kamil et al., 1997). amasTan, gavixsenoT, rom am Citebis qceva – samalavSi marcvlebis damalva araa ganmtkicebuli. isini mxolod im SemTxvevaSi miagneben gadamalul sakvebs, Tuki maTi kognituri ruka SenarCundeba. konceptualuri qceva kognituri rukebi, nawilobriv, exmareba cxovelebs garemoSi orientaciaSi, magram sxva ra kognituri procesebi unda hqondeT cxovelebs da raSi unda iyenebdnen maT? me-11 TavSi aRvniSnavT, rom metyvelebis dawyebisas bavSvebisTvis erT-erT mTavar amocanad iTvleba axali cnebebisa da kategoriebis daswavla. magram aRmoCnda, rom bavSvebi ar arian erTaderTi arsebebi, romelTac am amocanis daZleva SeuZliaT. mkvlevrebma aRmoaCines, rom mtredebs aqvT kognituri unari, gamoiyenon konceptualuri gansxvavebebi. saidan viciT mtredebi gadawyvetilebebs kategorizaciis struqturis mixedviT iReben edvard vasermanma da misma kolegebma (1992) warmoudgines mtredebs adamianebis, yvavilebis, manqanebis da skamebis fotoebi. yoveli mtredisTvis oTxi cneba dayofili iyo or ufro did kategoriad (sur. 7.16). magaliTad, erTi mtredi miiRebda sakvebs, Tuki niskarts daartyamda narinjisfer Rilaks adamianis an manqanis Cvenebis Semdeg da wiTel Rilaks _ yvavilis an skamis Cvenebis Semdeg. mtredebma iswavles
adekvaturad reagireba da maTi 80% swori feris Rilaks urtyamda niskarts. wvrTnis meore fazaSi mtreds axali reaqcia unda SeemuSavebina ufro mcire kategoriis Ti- Toeuli suraTisTvis. amgvarad, mtreds unda daertya mwvane RilakisTvis adamianis suraTis miwodebisas da TeTrze – skamis fotos Cvenebisas. amjeradac, mtredebis 80%-ma Tavi gaarTva amocanas. magram ra xdeba, rodesac miewodebaT yvavilis an manqanis suraTi da uwevT, airCion mwvane, an TeTri Rilaki? maT ar aqvT ganmtkicebis aranairi gamocdileba, Sesabamisad Cven ar SegviZlia daswavlis procesze dafuZnebuli qcevis winaswarmetyveleba. ras izamdiT Tqven, Tu msgavs situaciaSi aRmoCndebodiT? albaT, eqsperimentis pirvel fazaSi Tqven daiswavlidiT, rom yvavilebi da skamebi erTad moiazreba. eqsperimentis meore fazaSi ki iswavlidiT, rom unda gamoamJRavnoT erTi an ori reaqcia yvavilis Ti- Toeul fotoze. roca saqme skamebze midgeboda, Tqven, albaT, igive reaqcia geqnebodaT, rac yvavilze gqondaT. igives akeTeben mtredebic. testebis triadebis 60-70 procentSi maT gamoiyenes „kategorizaciis~ msgavsi informacia. dakvirvebiT daswavla imisaTvis, rom daswavlis axal formas gavecnoT, albaT, kargi iqneba SevexoT sakiTxs adamianebis da virTxebis mier axali sakvebis SerCevasTan dakavSirebiT. virTxebi gacilebiT frTxilebi arian am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi, vidre adamianebi, ZiriTadad im mizezis gamo, rom akliaT mniSvnelovani informacia sxva virTxebisagan. roca Cven, adamianebi, axal sakvebs vsinjavT, yovelTvis gvaqvs konteqsti. es konteqsti imas gulisxmobs, rom viciT, sxva adamianebma ukve gasinjes da moewonaT igive sakvebi. Tqveni „saWmlis Wamis qceva~ sxva adamianebis codnis paternebiTaa ganmtkicebuli. es magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom adamianebs SeuZliaT daiswavlon sxvebis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, risTvisac isini kognitur unarebs gamoiyeneben. Sesabamisad, Cven vcvliT sakuTar qcevas sxvebis gamocdilebis mixedviT. Zalian xSirad, socialuri daswavla im situaciebSi iCens Tavs, sadac daswavla ar aris gamowveuli tradiciuli ganpirobebulobis TeoriiT. adamianebi ubralod sxvebze dakvirvebiT swavloben, anu, Tu adamiani uyurebs, Tu rogor daisaja an waxalisda sxva raRac qcevisTvis, cdilobs igive qceva gaimeoros an Seikavos Tavi. amas dakvirvebiT daswavla hqvia. asaniSnavia, rom Cveni kognicia dakvirvebiT daswavlisas garkveul molodinebs gamoimu- Savebs. roca models (adamians, romelic raRac qcevas axorcielebs) vuyurebT, Cven vfiqrobT, rom, Tu zustad imas gavimeorebT, rasac modeli akeTebs, igive jildos miviRebT an iseve davisjebiT. umcrosi Svili SesaZloa ukeT iqceodes, vidre ufrosi, radgan man ufrosis Secdomebze iswavla. daswavlis amgvari unari, razec zemoT iyo saubari, sakmaod momgebiania. aRaraa saWiro im cdisa da Secdomis meTodis mravalgzis gamoyeneba, rom raime viswavloT. sxvebis Secdomebis mixedviT SeiZleba daskvnebis gakeTeba. dakvirvebiT daswavla (Observational lerning) – suraTi 7.16 kategoriebis swavla mtredebTan wvrTnis pirveli faza mtredebs aswavlis, Tu romeli cneba erTiandeba msxvil kategoriaSi. meore faza aswavlis axal reaqcias kategoriis cnebebis naxevarze. testirebis faza aCvenebs generalizacias, romelsac adgili aqvs axali kategoriis cnebebTan mimarTebaSi (es erTi magaliTia sxvadasxva mtredebTan stimulisa da reaqciis sxvadasxva kombinaciisa). kogniciis gavlena daswavlaze 261
- Page 1 and 2: cedurebs, radgan es procedurebi arR
- Page 3 and 4: lobebisa (magaliTad, maT xelebs ver
- Page 5 and 6: normalur „TvaldaxuWul~ modunebul
- Page 7 and 8: xevian da glosolaliis (lingvistur S
- Page 9 and 10: Zlieri nivTierebebi, rogoricaa stim
- Page 11 and 12: Sekavebis an Semcirebis saSualebiT.
- Page 13 and 14: ferovan gzebs? Cveulebriv, ZiriTadi
- Page 15 and 16: daswavla daswavla da da qceviTi qce
- Page 17 and 18: ganixileba ganpirobebulobis ori Zir
- Page 19 and 20: skinerma wamoiwyo kvleva, romelic m
- Page 21 and 22: sikurad ganpirobebul qcevaze. klasi
- Page 23 and 24: xvedril ganpirobebulobaSi orive sti
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba Caqrobis Semdegac Seaxseno
- Page 27 and 28: suraTi 7.7 reskorlas procedura alba
- Page 29 and 30: ganpirobebuloba gamoviyenoT imunolo
- Page 31 and 32: es kaci regularulad iRebda gacilebi
- Page 33 and 34: om wamlis uaryofiTi efeqtebic ar ga
- Page 35 and 36: suraTi 7.11 operantuli kabina sagan
- Page 37 and 38: dadebiTi da uaryofiTi dasja albaT i
- Page 39 and 40: cxrili 7.1 sampirobiani albaToba: d
- Page 41 and 42: aris (Chess & Thomas; 1984). savara
- Page 43 and 44: mocemul situaciaSi premakis princip
- Page 45 and 46: saSualod yovel 10 reaqcias mohyveba
- Page 47 and 48: ganxilvaze, romlebic daswavlis zoga
- Page 49 and 50: saidan viciT stimulisa da Sedegebis
- Page 51: kogniciis gavlena daswavlaze rogorc
- Page 55 and 56: cxovrebaSi Zaladobis gamovlenis ara
- Page 57 and 58: ZiriTadi sakiTxebi ganpirobebuloba
- Page 59 and 60: Tavis avtobiografias marlon brando
- Page 61 and 62: _ Seqmna mexsierebis kvlevis meTode
- Page 63 and 64: viRacam migaqcevinaT yuradReba am s
- Page 65 and 66: suraTi 8.3 informaciis gadasvla xan
- Page 67 and 68: 7 1 V F X L 5 3 B 4 W 7 cdis pirebs
- Page 69 and 70: omelic mxolod xanmokle droiT inform
- Page 71 and 72: noben adamians, manam, sanam saubar
- Page 73 and 74: atom aris informaciis aRdgena xanmo
- Page 75 and 76: dabolos: muSa mexsierebis mier xdeb
- Page 77 and 78: saidan viciT mkveTri suni mimniSneb
- Page 79 and 80: saidan viciT mwkrivis elementebis g
- Page 81 and 82: pirovnulad mniSvnelovani movlenebi,
- Page 83 and 84: erTad, erT-erTi pirobaa, magaliTad,
- Page 85 and 86: siereba - meti daimaxsovroT da nakl
- Page 87 and 88: fsiqologia Cvens cxovrebaSi yvelaze
- Page 89 and 90: daxsomebas iwvevs. implicitur mexsi
- Page 91 and 92: suraTi 8.11 A prototipuli saxe da c
- Page 93 and 94: suraTi 8.12 cnebaTa ierarqiulad org
- Page 95 and 96: zoduri mexsiereba ar geqnebaT (im S
- Page 97 and 98: aRdgenis sizusteze, Tu ra moxda. ga
- Page 99 and 100: suraTi 4.16 tvinis struqtura ......
- Page 101 and 102: epizoduri informaciis kodirebis dro
adekvaturad reagireba da maTi 80% swori<br />
feris Rilaks urtyamda niskarts. wvrTnis<br />
meore fazaSi mtreds axali reaqcia unda<br />
SeemuSavebina ufro mcire kategoriis Ti-<br />
Toeuli suraTisTvis. amgvarad, mtreds<br />
unda daertya mwvane RilakisTvis adamianis<br />
suraTis miwodebisas da TeTrze – skamis<br />
fotos Cvenebisas. amjeradac, mtredebis<br />
80%-ma Tavi gaarTva amocanas.<br />
magram ra xdeba, rodesac miewodebaT yvavilis<br />
an manqanis suraTi da uwevT, airCion mwvane, an<br />
TeTri Rilaki? maT ar aqvT ganmtkicebis aranairi<br />
gamocdileba, Sesabamisad Cven ar SegviZlia<br />
daswavlis procesze dafuZnebuli qcevis winaswarmetyveleba.<br />
ras izamdiT Tqven, Tu msgavs<br />
situaciaSi aRmoCndebodiT? albaT, eqsperimentis<br />
pirvel fazaSi Tqven daiswavlidiT, rom yvavilebi<br />
da skamebi erTad moiazreba. eqsperimentis<br />
meore fazaSi ki iswavlidiT, rom unda gamoamJRavnoT<br />
erTi an ori reaqcia yvavilis Ti-<br />
Toeul fotoze. roca saqme skamebze midgeboda,<br />
Tqven, albaT, igive reaqcia geqnebodaT, rac<br />
yvavilze gqondaT. igives akeTeben mtredebic.<br />
testebis triadebis 60-70 procentSi maT<br />
gamoiyenes „kategorizaciis~ msgavsi informacia.<br />
dakvirvebiT daswavla<br />
imisaTvis, rom daswavlis axal formas<br />
gavecnoT, albaT, kargi iqneba SevexoT sakiTxs<br />
adamianebis da virTxebis mier axali sakvebis<br />
SerCevasTan dakavSirebiT. virTxebi gacilebiT<br />
frTxilebi arian am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi,<br />
vidre adamianebi, ZiriTadad im mizezis gamo,<br />
rom akliaT mniSvnelovani informacia sxva<br />
virTxebisagan. roca Cven, adamianebi, axal sakvebs<br />
vsinjavT, yovelTvis gvaqvs konteqsti. es<br />
konteqsti imas gulisxmobs, rom viciT, sxva<br />
adamianebma ukve gasinjes da moewonaT igive<br />
sakvebi. Tqveni „saWmlis Wamis qceva~ sxva<br />
adamianebis codnis paternebiTaa ganmtkicebuli.<br />
es magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom adamianebs SeuZliaT<br />
daiswavlon sxvebis gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT,<br />
risTvisac isini kognitur unarebs gamoiyeneben.<br />
Sesabamisad, Cven vcvliT sakuTar qcevas sxvebis<br />
gamocdilebis mixedviT.<br />
Zalian xSirad, socialuri daswavla im<br />
situaciebSi iCens Tavs, sadac daswavla ar<br />
aris gamowveuli tradiciuli ganpirobebulobis<br />
TeoriiT. adamianebi ubralod sxvebze<br />
dakvirvebiT swavloben, anu, Tu adamiani uyurebs,<br />
Tu rogor daisaja an waxalisda sxva raRac<br />
qcevisTvis, cdilobs igive qceva gaimeoros an<br />
Seikavos Tavi. amas dakvirvebiT daswavla hqvia.<br />
asaniSnavia, rom Cveni kognicia dakvirvebiT<br />
daswavlisas garkveul molodinebs gamoimu-<br />
Savebs. roca models (adamians, romelic raRac<br />
qcevas axorcielebs) vuyurebT, Cven vfiqrobT,<br />
rom, Tu zustad imas gavimeorebT, rasac modeli<br />
akeTebs, igive jildos miviRebT an iseve<br />
davisjebiT. umcrosi Svili SesaZloa ukeT<br />
iqceodes, vidre ufrosi, radgan man ufrosis<br />
Secdomebze iswavla.<br />
daswavlis amgvari unari, razec zemoT iyo<br />
saubari, sakmaod momgebiania. aRaraa saWiro im<br />
cdisa da Secdomis meTodis mravalgzis gamoyeneba,<br />
rom raime viswavloT. sxvebis Secdomebis<br />
mixedviT SeiZleba daskvnebis gakeTeba.<br />
dakvirvebiT daswavla (Observational lerning) –<br />
suraTi 7.16<br />
kategoriebis swavla mtredebTan<br />
wvrTnis pirveli faza mtredebs aswavlis,<br />
Tu romeli cneba erTiandeba msxvil kategoriaSi.<br />
meore faza aswavlis axal reaqcias<br />
kategoriis cnebebis naxevarze. testirebis<br />
faza aCvenebs generalizacias, romelsac<br />
adgili aqvs axali kategoriis cnebebTan<br />
mimarTebaSi (es erTi magaliTia sxvadasxva<br />
mtredebTan stimulisa da reaqciis sxvadasxva<br />
kombinaciisa).<br />
kogniciis gavlena daswavlaze<br />
261
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