(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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kogniciis gavlena<br />
daswavlaze<br />
rogorc aRiniSna, qcevis Zalian didi speqtri<br />
SeiZleba aixsnas, rogorc daswavlis martivi<br />
procesis Sedegi. Cndeba kiTxva: arseboben Tu<br />
ara daswavlis iseTi tipebi, romlebsac ufro<br />
kompleqsuri kognituri unarebi sWirdebaT?<br />
kognicia aris nebismieri fsiqikuri aqtivoba,<br />
romelic CarTulia codnis gadamuSavebisa da<br />
warmoCenis iseT procesebSi, rogorebicaa:<br />
azrovneba, mexsiereba, aRqma da metyveleba. amitom<br />
axla ganvixilavT daswavlis iseT formebs,<br />
romlebic ar SeiZleba aixsnas mxolod klasikuri<br />
an operantuli ganpirobebulobiT. aqedan<br />
gamomdinare, iTvleba, rom qceva, nawilobriv,<br />
kognituri procesebis Sedegia.<br />
cxovelTa kognicia<br />
am TavSi ganvixileT daswavlis wesebi vir-<br />
Txebis, ZaRlebis da mtredebis magaliTze.<br />
mkvlevrebma daadgines, rom ara mxolod klasikuri<br />
da operantuli ganpirobebulobiT SeiZleba<br />
sxvadasxva saxeobebis unarebis ganzogadeba<br />
(Wasserman, 1993-1994). Tavis evoluciis TeoriaSi<br />
Carlz darvinma ganacxada, rom kognituri<br />
unarebi izrdeba da viTardeba cxovelTa fizikur<br />
formasTan erTad. amitom axla ganvixilavT<br />
cxoveluri daswavlis or, erTob STambeWdav,<br />
tips, romelic miuTiTebs cxovelTa kognitur<br />
unarebze.<br />
kognituri rukebi<br />
edvard tolmeni (Edward Tolman, 1886-1959) iyo<br />
pirveli, vinc daiwyo kognituri procesebis<br />
kvleva cxovelebSi sxvadasxva eqsperimentuli<br />
situaciebis gamogonebiT, romlebSic meqanikuri,<br />
erTi-erTze asociaciebi ver axsnida cxovelis<br />
qcevas. daakvirdiT 7.15 suraTs. tolmenma da<br />
misma studentebma aCvenes, rom, rodesac labirinTSi<br />
blokirebulia Tavdapirveli biliki,<br />
virTxebi iq adreuli gamocdilebiT airCeven<br />
umokles gzas gamosvlisaTvis, miuxedavad imisa,<br />
rom aranairi ganmtkiceba ar miuRiaT (Tolman &<br />
Honzik, 1930). Tumca, virTxebi iqceodnen ise,<br />
TiTqos isini emorCilebodnen gansazRvrl<br />
suraTi 7.15<br />
kognituri rukebi labirinTebSi<br />
siarulis daswavlisas<br />
cdis pirebma upiratesoba pirdapir gzas (gza 1)<br />
mianiWes labirinTSi, roca is Tavisufali iyo.<br />
roca es gza daibloka A blokiT, isini meore<br />
gzaze gadavidnen. roca gamoCnda B bloki, vir-<br />
Txebma Cveulebriv mesame gza airCies. maTi qcevaa<br />
aCvenebda, rom saWmlis mopovebis kognituri ruka<br />
gaaCndaT.<br />
kognitur rukas – labirinTis zedxeds, nacvlad<br />
imisa, rom brmad daewyoT gamosavlis Zebna cdisa<br />
da Secdomis meTodiT (Edward Tolman, 1948).<br />
tolmenis Sedegebma aCvena, rom ganpirobebuloba<br />
Seicavs gacilebiT ufro mets, vidre ubralod<br />
asociaciur dawyvilebas. is moicavs daswavlas<br />
da, Semdeg, am daswavlili masalis warmoCenas<br />
qceviT konteqstSi.<br />
tolmenis tradiciiT gagrZelebulma kvlevam<br />
gamoavlina sivrcobrivi mexsierebis gasaocari<br />
unari CitebSi, futkrebSi, virTxebSi, sxva cxovelebsa<br />
da adamianebSic ki (Tolman, 1948). kog-<br />
cxovelTa kognicia (Animal cognition) – cxovelebis<br />
kognituri SesaZleblobebi; mkvlevrebi eZeben<br />
kognituri unarebis ganviTarebas sxvadasxva<br />
saxeobebSi, saxeobebis ierarqiis mixedviT, adamianamde.<br />
kognituri ruka (Cognitive map) – fizikuri sivrcis<br />
gonebrivi reprezentacia.<br />
kogniciis gavlena daswavlaze<br />
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