(natia) ZIMBARDO

saSualod yovel 10 reaqcias mohyveba ganmamtkicebeli,
magram ganmtkicebas SeiZleba adgili
hqondes mxolod erTi reaqciis an 20 reaqciis
Semdeg. aseTi saxiT ganmtkicebuli qceva sakmaod
rezistentulia Caqrobis mimarT. davuSvaT, Tqven
mtredTan muSaoba daiwyeT vp-5 cxriliT da
Semdeg gadaxvediT vp-110-ze. mtredi akenkavs 12000
marcvals saaTSi da ase gagrZeldeba saaTebis
manZilze, ganmamtkicebelTa gareSec ki. azartuli
TamaSebic SegviZlia vp cxrilebis kontrols
daqvemdebarebulad miviCnioT. am princips
emyareba saTamaSo manqanebis principi _ masSi
monetis Cagdebis Semdeg ar iciT, rodis miiRebT
Sedegs, romelsac eliT da kvlav agdebT da
agdebT monetebs. vp cxrili gayenebT gamocanis
winaSe – rodis mova jildo. Tqven gjeraT, rom
is Semdegi Tqveni reaqciis TandarTuli iqneba
da ara ufro mogvianebiT (Rachlin, 1990).
fiqsirebuli intervalis cxrili
roca saqme gvaqvs fiqsirebuli intervalis
cxrilTan, ganmamtkicebeli miewodeba pirveli
reaqciis Semdeg, anu fiqsirebuli drois gasvlis
Semdeg. FI-10 cxrilSi, magaliTad, roca subieqti
iRebs ganmtkicebas, unda gavides 10 wami, sanam
meore reaqcia ganmtkicdeba _ reaqciaTa raodenobisda
miuxedavad.
cvalebadi intervalis cxrili
cvalebadi intervalis cxrilSi saSualo
intervali winaswar aris gansazRvruli. magali-
Tad, ci-20 cxrilSi ganmamtkicebeli miewodeba,
saSualod, yovel 20 wamSi erTxel. es forma
iwvevs saSualo siswrafiT, magram Zalian stabiluri
qcevis formis Camoyalibebas. Caqroba am
dros etapobrivi da Zalian nelia. erT Sem-
TxvevaSi mtredma 18 000-jer akenka pirveli 4
saaTis ganmavlobaSi mas Semdeg, rac ganmtkiceba
Sewyda da 168 saaTi dasWirda am qcevis srul
gaqrobas (Ferster & Skiner, 1957). SegiZliaT CaTvaloT,
rom ci-20 cxrili sakuTar Tavze gaqvT
gamocdili, Tu gyoliaT leqtori, romelic
araregularulad, moulodnelad gitarebdaT
koloqviumebs. yoveldRe emzadebodiT momavali
gakveTilisaTvis?
qcevis formireba (Seipingi)
erT-erT eqsperimentSi Cven vilaparakeT virTxebze,
romlebic Rilaks aWerdnen TaTs saWmlis
misaRebad. Rilakis daWera daswavlili qcevaa.
Tu mas operantul kameraSi movaTavsebT, albaT,
ar daaWers saxelurs TaTs spontanurad. virTxas
naswavli aqvs Tavisi TaTebis sxvadasxva gziT
gamoyeneba, magram saxeluri sxva dros arasodes
Camouwevia. rogor vaswavloT virTxas qcevebi,
romlebic, savaraudod, iSviaTad vlindebian?
Tqven moifiqreT ganmtkicebis gza, optimaluri
sakvebi, ganmamtkicebelTa cxrilic gaqvT (fp-1),
rogor moviqceT axla? imisaTvis, rom Tqven
aswavloT axali rTuli qceva, unda gamoiyenoT
Seipingi warmatebuli miaxloebebis mixedviT.
am dros Tqven ganamtkicebT nebismier qcevas,
romelic warmatebulia da Tanac miaxloebuli
saboloo mizanTan.
es ase keTdeba. jer unda moaxdinoT virTxis
saWmliT deprivireba erTi dRis ganmavlobaSi.
deprivaciis gareSe saWmelma SeiZleba ar imu-
Saos, rogorc ganmamtkicebelma. Semdeg Tqven
sistematurad aTavsebT sakvebs kabinis erT
kuTxeSi ise, rom virTxa mas xedavdes. axla Tqven
SegiZliaT daiwyoT Seipingi imiT, rom sakvebis
miwodebis sixSire daukavSiroT virTxis
specifikur qceviT reaqcias, magaliTad, karis
saxelurTan misvlas. saWmeli virTxas miewodeba
mxolod maSin, roca is ufro axlos midis karis
saxelurTan. ganmamtkicebeli ki im SemTxvevaSi
gaicema, Tu virTxa exeba mas, xolo saWmlis
misaRebad man unda saxelurs daaWiros. am dros
virTxa swavlobs, rom saxeluris Camoweva misTvis
sakvebis momtania. ase rom, SeipingisTvis Tqven
unda gansazRvroT progresis etapebi samizne qcevis
Sesatyvisad da gamoiyenoT diferencirebuli
ganmtkiceba TiToeuli etapis formirebisaTvis.
axla ganvixiloT sxva SemTxveva, roca Seipingi
gamoyenebul iqna patara autisti bavSvis
cxovrebis pirobebis gasaumjobeseblad.
saidan
viciT
qcevis formireba autist bavSvTan
pacienti 3 wlis biWi iyo, romelsac
dausves autizmis diagnozi. mas hqonda
normaluri socialuri da verbaluri
operantuli ganpirobebuloba: swavlebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb
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