(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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mocemul situaciaSi premakis principad gvevlineba,<br />
romelic david premakma (David Premak)<br />
1965 wels aRmoaCina. premakis mixedviT, ufro<br />
metad albaTuri aqtivoba (qceva, romelsac Cveul<br />
garemoSi gamovlenis meti albaToba aqvs),<br />
SesaZloa, gamoviyenoT naklebad albaTuri<br />
qcevis ganmamtkiceblad. Tavis sawyis kvlevaSi<br />
premakma aRmoaCina, rom wyliT deprivirebulma<br />
virTxebma savarjiSo borblis datrialebis<br />
mizniT sirbili iswavles maSin, roca am aqtivobas<br />
wylis daleva mohyveboda da, piriqiT,<br />
savarjiSoTi deprivirebuli virTxebi zrdidnen<br />
wylis smis qcevas. premakis mixedviT, ganmamtkiceblad<br />
organizmisTvis mniSvnelovani nebismieri<br />
qceva an aqtivoba SeiZleba mogvevlinos.<br />
premakis principi xSirad gamoiyeneba gansakuTrebiT<br />
bavSvTa instituciebis iseTi qcevis<br />
sixSiris gasazrdelad, rogoricaa mSvidad jdoma<br />
da vinmes saubris mosmena. qvemoT aRwerilia<br />
erTi klasikuri SemTxveva.<br />
saidan<br />
viciT<br />
bavSvebi imuSaveben imisaTvis, rom<br />
iTamaSon<br />
Caatares kvleva, romlis drosac klasSi<br />
gamoyofili iyo droiTi intervalebi, roca<br />
bavSvebi mSvidad uyurebdnen dafas da<br />
zogjer esmodaT zaris xma. zaris xmas<br />
mohyveboda instruqcia: „gaiqeciT da iyvireT~.Mmoswavleebi<br />
dauyovnebliv wamoxtebodnen<br />
da darbodnen klasSi, yvirodnen<br />
da erTobodnen. ramdenime wuTSi Semdegi<br />
signali afrTxilebda maT, rom dabrunebuliyvnen<br />
TavianT adgilebze. mogvianebiT<br />
bavSvebs aZlevdnen Jetonebs dabali<br />
sixSiris qcevis — maTematikis mecadineobisTvis.<br />
bavSvebs Jetonebi saSualebas<br />
aZlevda, CarTuliyvnen SedarebiT maRali<br />
aqtivobis qcevaSi, rogoricaa saTamaSoebiT<br />
TamaSi. am tipis proceduriT kontroli<br />
SesaniSnavad ganxorcielda ramodenime<br />
dReSi (homme et al,1963).<br />
sxva tipis saklaso programa, sadac maswavleblebis<br />
mier xSirad gamoiyeneboda dasja, cema<br />
da yvirili, Cavarda.<br />
axla xedavT, Tu rogor SeiZleba gamoiyenoT<br />
premakis principi dabali sixSiris qcevaSi<br />
bavSvebis CasarTavad. socialurad aqtiuri<br />
bavSvisaTvis amxanagebTan TamaSi ganamtkicebs<br />
davalebis Sesrulebis naklebad sasiamovno<br />
qcevas. morcxvi bavSvisTvis ki axali wignis<br />
wakiTxva SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sxva bavSvebTan<br />
TamaSis qcevis ganmamtkiceblad. nebismieri<br />
aqtivoba SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes ganmamtkiceblad<br />
da es zrdis imis albaTobas, rom miRweul<br />
iqneba im qcevis sixSiris mateba, rac<br />
konkretul SemTxvevaSi naklebad albaTuria.<br />
ganmamtkicebelTa cxrilebi<br />
ra xdeba maSin, roca Tqven ar gindaT, rom<br />
Tqvens Sinaur cxovels ganumtkicoT raime<br />
konkretuli qceva? axalgazrda skiners mouwia<br />
Tavis laboratoriaSi erTi kviriT yofna ise,<br />
rom ar hqonda sakmarisi kvebiTi ganmamtkicebeli<br />
Tavisi mSromeli virTxebisaTvis. is ekonomias<br />
akeTebda da virTxebs saWmlis natexebs raRac<br />
intervaliT aZlevda. miuxedavad imisa, Tu<br />
ramdenjer daaWerdnen isini TaTs Rilaks, met<br />
sakvebs veRar iRebdnen. aRmoCnda, rom virTxebi<br />
ufro metad reagirebdnen am parcialur ganmamtkicebelTa<br />
formaze, vidre mudmivmoqmed ganmtkicebaze.<br />
rogor fiqrobT, ra mouvidaT cxovelebs,<br />
roca isini qcevis Caqrobis safrTxis<br />
winaSe aRmoCndnen da meti saWmeli aRar iyo?<br />
is virTxebi, romelTa qcevac ufro iSviaTad<br />
ganmtkicdeboda, gacilebiT intensiurad aWerdnen<br />
GTaTs Rilaks, vidre isini, romlebsac<br />
ganmamtkicebeli yovel jerze eZleodaT.<br />
skineri, raRac, Zalian mniSvnelovans miuaxlovda.<br />
am parcialuri ganmamtkiceblis efeqturobam<br />
migviyvana kvlevamde ganmamtkicebelTa gansxvavebuli<br />
intensivobiT miwodebis Sesaxeb (ix.<br />
sur. 7.13). Tqven TviTon gangicdiaT ganmamtkiceblis<br />
gansxvavebuli efeqtis roli sakuTar<br />
cxovrebaSi. roca Tqven xels swevT klasSi,<br />
maswavlebeli xan giZaxebT da xan _ ara. realur<br />
cxovrebaSi an laboratoriaSi ganmamtkicebeli<br />
SeiZleba miwodebul iqnes rogorc proporciuli<br />
ganmamtkiceblis forma — ramdenime<br />
konkretuli reaqciis Semdeg; an ganmamtkicebeli<br />
intervalebiT — roca ganmtkiceba drois raRac<br />
operantuli ganpirobebuloba: swavlebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb<br />
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