(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 7 / daswavla da qceviTi analizi<br />
250<br />
sxvadasxva tipis pirobiTi ganmamtkicebeli<br />
axdens da iSviaTad _ biologiuri pirveladi<br />
ganmamtkicebeli. fuli, niSnebi, mxardaWeris<br />
gamomxatveli Rimili, oqrosferi varskvlavebi<br />
da bevri sxva simbolo im pirobiT ganmamtkicebelTa<br />
ricxvSi Sedis, romlebic Cvens qcevas<br />
gansazRvraven.<br />
faqtobrivad, nebismieri stimuli SeiZleba<br />
iqces pirobiT ganmamtkiceblad, Tu is pirvelad<br />
stimuls dauwyvildeba. erT eqsperimentSi<br />
gamoyenebuli iyo martivi Jetonebi cxovelTa<br />
swavlebis dros.<br />
maswavleblebma da eqsperimentatorebma daadgines,<br />
rom pirobiTi ganmamtkicebeli ufro martivi<br />
gamosayenebelia da gacilebiT efeqturicaa,<br />
vidre pirveladi ganmamtkicebeli. vinaidan: (1)<br />
ramodenime pirveladi ganmamtkicebeli yovel-<br />
Tvisaa klasSi maSin, roca nebismieri stimulis<br />
gamovlena, romelsac maswavlebeli akontrolebs,<br />
SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnes pirobiT<br />
ganmamtkiceblad; (2) swrafad SeiZleba maTi<br />
gacema; (3) isini advilad gadasatania; (4) maTi<br />
ganmtkicebis efeqti ufro swrafia, radgan is<br />
damokidebulia ganmamtkiceblis miRebaze da ara<br />
biologiur ganpirobebulobaze, rogorc es<br />
pirveladi ganmamtkiceblis drosaa.<br />
zogierT dawesebulebaSi, magaliTad, fsiqiatriul<br />
saavadmyofoSi an narkologiur dispanserSi,<br />
Jetonebis ekonomika am principebs emyareba.<br />
sasurveli qcevebi (magaliTad, medikamentis<br />
miReba) kargad ganimarteba da roca es qceva<br />
gamovlindeba, Jetonis saxiT sazRauri gaicema<br />
momsaxure personalis mier. mogvianebiT, es<br />
Jetonebi pacientma SeiZleba gadacvalos sxva<br />
tipis jildoze an privilegiaze (Kazdin, 1994;<br />
Martin& Pear,1999). ganmamtkicebelTa es sistema<br />
gansakuTrebiT efeqturia pacientis qcevis<br />
modificirebisTvis Tavis movlis qcevis TvalsazrisiT;<br />
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania maTi<br />
pozitiuri socialuri urTierTobebis gazrdis<br />
TvalsazrisiT.<br />
pirveladi ganmamtkicebeli (Primary reinforcers) _<br />
biologiurad gansazRvruli ganmamtkicebeli<br />
_ saWmeli da wyali.<br />
pirobiTi ganmamtkicebeli (Conditioned reinforcers)<br />
– klasikuri ganpirobebulobis mixedviT<br />
yofili neitraluri stimuli, romelic ganmamtkiceblad<br />
iqca.<br />
saidan<br />
viciT<br />
pirobiTi ganmamtkicebeli<br />
SimpanzeebisTvis<br />
Simpanzeebs aswavles problemis gadawyveta<br />
qiSmiSis, rogorc pirobiTi ganmamtkiceblis<br />
gamoyenebiT. Semdeg qiSmiSi<br />
JetonebiT Caanacvles. rogorc ki Jetonebi<br />
gamoCnda, maimunebma moTminebiT daiwyes<br />
muSaoba sakuTari ,,fulis~ mosapoveblad.<br />
maT mogvianebiT SeeZloT, gadaecvalaT<br />
Jetonebi qiSmiSze (Cowles; 1937).<br />
savaraudo aqtivobebi, rogorc<br />
dadebiTi ganmamtkiceblebi<br />
davuSvaT, rom Tqven gsurT bavSvs raRac<br />
gaakeTebinoT; ar gindaT, mas gadauxadoT an<br />
misceT oqros varskvlavi da amitom sTavazobT<br />
garigebas: ,,roca saSinao davalebas daasruleb,<br />
SegiZlia kompiuteruli TamaSi iTamaSo~. Tqven<br />
mier gamoyenebuli ,,kompiuteruli TamaSi~
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