(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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dadebiTi da uaryofiTi dasja<br />
albaT icnobT qcevis Caqrobis sxva teqnikasac<br />
– dasjas. damsjelia nebismieri stimuli,<br />
romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi amcirebs ama Tu<br />
im reaqcias. dasja aris damsjelis miwodeba,<br />
rasac mohyveba reaqcia. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi<br />
dasja iseve SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT, rogorc<br />
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba. rodesac<br />
qcevas moyveba aversiuli stimuli, movlenas<br />
ewodeba dadebiTi dasja (dadebiTi SegiZlia<br />
daimaxsovroT, rogorc raRac, rac situacias<br />
emateba). magaliTad, cxeli Rumelis Sexeba iwvevs<br />
tkivils, rac „sjis~ masze adre aRmocenebul<br />
qcevas, amitom momavalSi nakleb savaraudoa,<br />
rom cxel Rumels xeliT SeexoT. movlenas,<br />
rodesac qcevas moyveba sasargeblo, sasurveli<br />
stimulis Camocileba, uaryofiT dasjas vuwodebT<br />
(uaryofiTi SegiZliaT daimaxsovroT,<br />
rogorc raime, rac akldeba situacias). amgvarad,<br />
rodesac mSobeli sjis bavSvs imisTvis, rom<br />
man daartya patara Zmas, bavSvi swavlobs, rom<br />
meored Zmas aRar unda daartyas. romeli dasja<br />
xsnis, ratom aRar gindaT saSinelebaTa filmis<br />
naxva?<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom dasja da ganmtkiceba<br />
Zalian axlos mdgomi cnebebia, isini mniSvnelovnad<br />
gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. amaze,<br />
pirvel rigSi, is migvaniSnebs, rom maT sxvadasxva<br />
terminebiT aRvniSnavT. gansazRvrebis mixedviT,<br />
dasja yovelTvis amcirebs qcevas, gantkiceba<br />
ki yovelTvis zrdis mas. magaliTad, zogierT<br />
adamians awuxebs Tavis mwvave tkivili, Tu miiRo<br />
kofeinis Semcveli sasmeli. Tavis tkivili aris<br />
stimuli, romelic dadebiTad sjis yavis dalevis<br />
qcevas. Tumca, Tavis tkivilis dros xalxi<br />
xSirad mimarTavs wamlebs tkivilis Casaqrobad.<br />
wamlis efeqti aris stimuli, romelic uaryofiTad<br />
ganamtkicebs wamlis miRebas (sur. 7.12).<br />
diskriminaciuli stimuli da<br />
ganzogadeba<br />
nakleb savaraudoa, qcevis albaTobis Secvla<br />
yovelTvis gvindodes an gvWirdebodes. SeiZleba<br />
qcevis albaTobis Secvla dagvWirdes konkretul<br />
konteqstSi. magaliTad, xSirad gvinda gavzardoT<br />
imis albaToba, rom bavSvi wynarad ijdeba<br />
saklaso oTaxSi gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
konkretuli asociaciebiT, dasjis an ganmtki-<br />
cebis meSveobiT gansazRvruli stimuli,<br />
romelic win uswrebs reaqcias – diskriminaciul<br />
stimuls – qmnis am qcevis konteqsts. organizmi<br />
swavlobs, rom raime stimulis TandaswrebiT<br />
mis qcevas gansazRvruli efeqti aqvs garemoze.<br />
magaliTad, quCaSi mwvane Suqis anTebisas<br />
ganmtkicebulia quCis gadakveTa; magram rodesac<br />
anTia wiTeli, aseTi qceva SeiZleba daisajos<br />
– amas SeiZleba Sedegad mohyves jarima an<br />
ubeduri SemTxveva. skinerma SeimuSava stimuliqceva-Sedegi<br />
formula, rogorc sampirobiani<br />
albaToba (contigency, ix. cxrili 7.1) da Tvlida,<br />
rom swored es formula xsnida adamianis<br />
qmedebis did nawils (Skinner, 1953). cxrilSi 7.1<br />
aRwerilia, Tu rogor SeiZleba sampirobianma<br />
albaTobam axsnas sxvadasxva ramdenime tipis<br />
qceva.<br />
laboratoriul pirobebSi qcevis SedegebiT<br />
manipulirebiT, diskriminaciuli stimulis<br />
miwodebiT SegviZlia vakontroloT qceva.<br />
magaliTad, mtreds SeiZleba mivawodoT sakvebi<br />
diskis kenkvisas mxolod mwvane Suqis da ara<br />
wiTeli Suqis anTebis SemTxvevaSi. mwvane Suqi<br />
am SemTxvevaSi diskriminaciuli stimulia,<br />
romelic sazRvravs im SemTxvevas, roca mtredma<br />
unda akenkos, xolo wiTeli Suqi aris diskriminaciuli<br />
stimuli, romelic sazRvravs im<br />
SemTxvevas, roca mtredma ar unda akenkos.<br />
organizmi swrafad swavlobs pirobebis garCevas,<br />
reagirebs regularulad mxolod erT stimulze<br />
da ar reagirebs meoreze. sampirobiani albaTobis<br />
komponentebis kontroliT SegviZlia qceva<br />
konkretul konteqstSi CavsvaT.<br />
damsjeli (Punisher) – nebismieri stimuli, romelic<br />
amcirebs reaqciis sixSires.<br />
dadebiTi damsjeli (Positive Punishment) – qcevas<br />
mohyveba aversiuli stimuli, romelic amcirebs<br />
qcevis albaTobas.<br />
uaryofiTi damsjeli (Negative Punishment) – qcevas<br />
mohyveba sasurveli stimulis Camocileba, riTac<br />
mcirdeba am qcevis albaToba.<br />
diskriminaciuli stimuli (Discriminative Stimulus)<br />
– stimuli, romelic moaswavebs ganmtkicebas,<br />
radgan konkretuli qceva dadebiTad iyo ganmtkicebuli.<br />
sampirobiani albaToba (Three Term Coningency) –<br />
meqanizmi, romliTac organizmi swavlobs, rom<br />
konkretuli stimulis SemTxvevaSi misi qceva<br />
gavlenas moaxdens garemoze.<br />
operantuli ganpirobebuloba: swavlebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb<br />
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