(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO (natia) ZIMBARDO
Tavi 7 / daswavla da qceviTi analizi 244 pirobiTi ganmtkicebis konteqstSi. modiT, ufro axlos gavecnoT imas, Tu ra iqna aRmoCenili am pirobiT ganmamtkiceblebTan dakavSirebiT. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba davuSvaT, SegipyroT ideam, rom Tqveni virTxa galiaSi wreze arbeninoT. aseTi qcevis sixSiris gasazrdelad saWiroa ganmamtkiceblis gamoyeneba. ganmamtkicebeli aris nebismieri stimuli, romelic myaradaa qcevasTan dakavSirebuli da zrdis am qcevis gamovlenis sixSires droTa ganmavlobaSi. dasja aris damsjelis miwodeba garkveul reaqciaze. ganmamtkiceblebi yovelTvis empiriuladaa gansazRvruli im efeqtis mixedviT, romelsac is qcevis sixSiris albaTobaze axdens. Tu Tqven irgvliv samyaros gadaxedavT, aRmoaCenT stimulTa sam klass: (1) stimuli, romlis mimarTac neitralurad xarT ganwyobili; (2) stimuli, romelic gizidavT da (3) stimuli, romelic aversiulia, anu cdilobT, Tavi aaridoT maT. cxadia, rom am stimulTa klasebis Semadgenloba gansxvavebuli iqneba TiToeuli individisaTvis. is, Tu ra aris mimzidveli da ra aversiuli, individualuri organizmis qceviT ganisazRvreba. magaliTad, marwyvi. miuxedavad imisa, rom marwyvi saerTod gemrielad iTvleba, zogierTi mas saWmelad uvargisad Tvlis. Tu aseT adamians SesTavazebT marwyvs, konkretul qcevaze pasuxad miiRebT principulad gansxvavebul Sedegs, vidre maSin, marwyvi moyvaruls rom SesTavazoT. movlenas, rodesac qcevas sasargeblo stimulis miwodeba mohyveba, dadebiTi ganmtkiceba ewodeba. virTxa Semouvlis yuTs, Tuki am qcevis ganmamtkicebeli (Reinforcer) _ dadebiTi ganmtkiceba (Positive reinforcement) _ uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba (Negative reinforcement)) _ iwvevs. operatiuli Caqroba (Operant extinction Sedegi iqneba sakvebis miwodeba. adamianebi kvlavac mohyvebian anekdotebs, Tuki amis Sedegad miiReben xalxis sicilsa da aRfrTovanebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, maT siamovnebas aniWebs. movlenas, rodesac qcevas aversiuli stimulis CamoSoreba mohyveba, uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba ewodeba. magaliTad, adamiani, romelsac marwyvi ar uyvars, ganaxorcielebs qcevas, romelic mas aaridebs marwyvis Wamas. qolgis gamoyeneba wvimis dros imisaTvis, rom ar davsveldeT, klasikuri magaliTia uaryofiTi ganmtkicebis efeqtisa. am SemTxvevaSi aversiuli stimulia dasveleba. qolgis gamoyenebiT ki Cven Tavidan vicilebT mas. manqanis usafrTxoebis Rvedis signalic, er- Tgvarad, uaryofiTi ganmamtkiceblis funqcias asrulebs; misi damamcirebeli, Semawuxebeli xmis gaCereba SeiZleba, Tu mZRoli Rveds gadaiWers. imisaTvis, rom cxadad gavarCioT erTmane- Tisgan dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba, davimaxsovroT Semdegi kanonzomiereba: orive – dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba zrdis im reaqciis albaTobas, romelic win uswrebs maT. dadebiTi ganmtkiceba zrdis reaqciis albaTobas sasargeblo stimulis miwodebiT, xolo uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba akeTebs imaves, oRond sapirispiro meqanizmiT, aversiuli stimulis CamocilebiT, SemcirebiT an SeferxebiT. gavixsenoT, rom klasikur ganpirobebulobaSi Tu ganupirobebeli stimuli aRar mogvewodeba, ganpirobebuli reaqcia TandaTan qreba. igive kanonzomiereba ZalaSia operantuli ganpirobebulobis SemTxvevaSi: Tu ganmamtkicebeli mcirdeba an saerTod Camocilebulia, adgili aqvs operantul Caqrobas. amgvarad, Tuki qceva aRar iwvevs mosalodnel efeqtsa da Sedegs, is brundeba im doneze, romelzec iyo operantul ganpirobebulobamde. sakuTar Tavze dakvirvebisas araa Zneli, aRmovaCinoT qcevebi, romlebic garkveuli periodi ganmtkicebuli iyo da Semdeg Caqra. Tu gqoniaT SemTxveva, rom telefonis aparatSi fulis Cagdebisas moneta gaWedila, ver gilaparakiaT da dagirtyamT avtomatisTvis? Tuki am dros fuli Cavardeba avtomatSi, Tqven sxva drosac gaimorebT imave qcevas, radgan man erTxel ukve moitana Sedegi. magram momavalSi, Tuki Tqveni cda uSedegod dasrulda, es qcevac Caqreba.
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi dasja albaT icnobT qcevis Caqrobis sxva teqnikasac – dasjas. damsjelia nebismieri stimuli, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi amcirebs ama Tu im reaqcias. dasja aris damsjelis miwodeba, rasac mohyveba reaqcia. dadebiTi da uaryofiTi dasja iseve SegviZlia ganvsazRvroT, rogorc dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba. rodesac qcevas moyveba aversiuli stimuli, movlenas ewodeba dadebiTi dasja (dadebiTi SegiZlia daimaxsovroT, rogorc raRac, rac situacias emateba). magaliTad, cxeli Rumelis Sexeba iwvevs tkivils, rac „sjis~ masze adre aRmocenebul qcevas, amitom momavalSi nakleb savaraudoa, rom cxel Rumels xeliT SeexoT. movlenas, rodesac qcevas moyveba sasargeblo, sasurveli stimulis Camocileba, uaryofiT dasjas vuwodebT (uaryofiTi SegiZliaT daimaxsovroT, rogorc raime, rac akldeba situacias). amgvarad, rodesac mSobeli sjis bavSvs imisTvis, rom man daartya patara Zmas, bavSvi swavlobs, rom meored Zmas aRar unda daartyas. romeli dasja xsnis, ratom aRar gindaT saSinelebaTa filmis naxva? miuxedavad imisa, rom dasja da ganmtkiceba Zalian axlos mdgomi cnebebia, isini mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. amaze, pirvel rigSi, is migvaniSnebs, rom maT sxvadasxva terminebiT aRvniSnavT. gansazRvrebis mixedviT, dasja yovelTvis amcirebs qcevas, gantkiceba ki yovelTvis zrdis mas. magaliTad, zogierT adamians awuxebs Tavis mwvave tkivili, Tu miiRo kofeinis Semcveli sasmeli. Tavis tkivili aris stimuli, romelic dadebiTad sjis yavis dalevis qcevas. Tumca, Tavis tkivilis dros xalxi xSirad mimarTavs wamlebs tkivilis Casaqrobad. wamlis efeqti aris stimuli, romelic uaryofiTad ganamtkicebs wamlis miRebas (sur. 7.12). diskriminaciuli stimuli da ganzogadeba nakleb savaraudoa, qcevis albaTobis Secvla yovelTvis gvindodes an gvWirdebodes. SeiZleba qcevis albaTobis Secvla dagvWirdes konkretul konteqstSi. magaliTad, xSirad gvinda gavzardoT imis albaToba, rom bavSvi wynarad ijdeba saklaso oTaxSi gakveTilis ganmavlobaSi. konkretuli asociaciebiT, dasjis an ganmtki- cebis meSveobiT gansazRvruli stimuli, romelic win uswrebs reaqcias – diskriminaciul stimuls – qmnis am qcevis konteqsts. organizmi swavlobs, rom raime stimulis TandaswrebiT mis qcevas gansazRvruli efeqti aqvs garemoze. magaliTad, quCaSi mwvane Suqis anTebisas ganmtkicebulia quCis gadakveTa; magram rodesac anTia wiTeli, aseTi qceva SeiZleba daisajos – amas SeiZleba Sedegad mohyves jarima an ubeduri SemTxveva. skinerma SeimuSava stimuliqceva-Sedegi formula, rogorc sampirobiani albaToba (contigency, ix. cxrili 7.1) da Tvlida, rom swored es formula xsnida adamianis qmedebis did nawils (Skinner, 1953). cxrilSi 7.1 aRwerilia, Tu rogor SeiZleba sampirobianma albaTobam axsnas sxvadasxva ramdenime tipis qceva. laboratoriul pirobebSi qcevis SedegebiT manipulirebiT, diskriminaciuli stimulis miwodebiT SegviZlia vakontroloT qceva. magaliTad, mtreds SeiZleba mivawodoT sakvebi diskis kenkvisas mxolod mwvane Suqis da ara wiTeli Suqis anTebis SemTxvevaSi. mwvane Suqi am SemTxvevaSi diskriminaciuli stimulia, romelic sazRvravs im SemTxvevas, roca mtredma unda akenkos, xolo wiTeli Suqi aris diskriminaciuli stimuli, romelic sazRvravs im SemTxvevas, roca mtredma ar unda akenkos. organizmi swrafad swavlobs pirobebis garCevas, reagirebs regularulad mxolod erT stimulze da ar reagirebs meoreze. sampirobiani albaTobis komponentebis kontroliT SegviZlia qceva konkretul konteqstSi CavsvaT. damsjeli (Punisher) – nebismieri stimuli, romelic amcirebs reaqciis sixSires. dadebiTi damsjeli (Positive Punishment) – qcevas mohyveba aversiuli stimuli, romelic amcirebs qcevis albaTobas. uaryofiTi damsjeli (Negative Punishment) – qcevas mohyveba sasurveli stimulis Camocileba, riTac mcirdeba am qcevis albaToba. diskriminaciuli stimuli (Discriminative Stimulus) – stimuli, romelic moaswavebs ganmtkicebas, radgan konkretuli qceva dadebiTad iyo ganmtkicebuli. sampirobiani albaToba (Three Term Coningency) – meqanizmi, romliTac organizmi swavlobs, rom konkretuli stimulis SemTxvevaSi misi qceva gavlenas moaxdens garemoze. operantuli ganpirobebuloba: swavlebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb 245
- Page 1 and 2: cedurebs, radgan es procedurebi arR
- Page 3 and 4: lobebisa (magaliTad, maT xelebs ver
- Page 5 and 6: normalur „TvaldaxuWul~ modunebul
- Page 7 and 8: xevian da glosolaliis (lingvistur S
- Page 9 and 10: Zlieri nivTierebebi, rogoricaa stim
- Page 11 and 12: Sekavebis an Semcirebis saSualebiT.
- Page 13 and 14: ferovan gzebs? Cveulebriv, ZiriTadi
- Page 15 and 16: daswavla daswavla da da qceviTi qce
- Page 17 and 18: ganixileba ganpirobebulobis ori Zir
- Page 19 and 20: skinerma wamoiwyo kvleva, romelic m
- Page 21 and 22: sikurad ganpirobebul qcevaze. klasi
- Page 23 and 24: xvedril ganpirobebulobaSi orive sti
- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba Caqrobis Semdegac Seaxseno
- Page 27 and 28: suraTi 7.7 reskorlas procedura alba
- Page 29 and 30: ganpirobebuloba gamoviyenoT imunolo
- Page 31 and 32: es kaci regularulad iRebda gacilebi
- Page 33 and 34: om wamlis uaryofiTi efeqtebic ar ga
- Page 35: suraTi 7.11 operantuli kabina sagan
- Page 39 and 40: cxrili 7.1 sampirobiani albaToba: d
- Page 41 and 42: aris (Chess & Thomas; 1984). savara
- Page 43 and 44: mocemul situaciaSi premakis princip
- Page 45 and 46: saSualod yovel 10 reaqcias mohyveba
- Page 47 and 48: ganxilvaze, romlebic daswavlis zoga
- Page 49 and 50: saidan viciT stimulisa da Sedegebis
- Page 51 and 52: kogniciis gavlena daswavlaze rogorc
- Page 53 and 54: adekvaturad reagireba da maTi 80% s
- Page 55 and 56: cxovrebaSi Zaladobis gamovlenis ara
- Page 57 and 58: ZiriTadi sakiTxebi ganpirobebuloba
- Page 59 and 60: Tavis avtobiografias marlon brando
- Page 61 and 62: _ Seqmna mexsierebis kvlevis meTode
- Page 63 and 64: viRacam migaqcevinaT yuradReba am s
- Page 65 and 66: suraTi 8.3 informaciis gadasvla xan
- Page 67 and 68: 7 1 V F X L 5 3 B 4 W 7 cdis pirebs
- Page 69 and 70: omelic mxolod xanmokle droiT inform
- Page 71 and 72: noben adamians, manam, sanam saubar
- Page 73 and 74: atom aris informaciis aRdgena xanmo
- Page 75 and 76: dabolos: muSa mexsierebis mier xdeb
- Page 77 and 78: saidan viciT mkveTri suni mimniSneb
- Page 79 and 80: saidan viciT mwkrivis elementebis g
- Page 81 and 82: pirovnulad mniSvnelovani movlenebi,
- Page 83 and 84: erTad, erT-erTi pirobaa, magaliTad,
- Page 85 and 86: siereba - meti daimaxsovroT da nakl
Tavi 7 / daswavla da qceviTi analizi<br />
244<br />
pirobiTi ganmtkicebis konteqstSi. modiT, ufro<br />
axlos gavecnoT imas, Tu ra iqna aRmoCenili<br />
am pirobiT ganmamtkiceblebTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba<br />
davuSvaT, SegipyroT ideam, rom Tqveni virTxa<br />
galiaSi wreze arbeninoT. aseTi qcevis sixSiris<br />
gasazrdelad saWiroa ganmamtkiceblis gamoyeneba.<br />
ganmamtkicebeli aris nebismieri stimuli,<br />
romelic myaradaa qcevasTan dakavSirebuli da<br />
zrdis am qcevis gamovlenis sixSires droTa<br />
ganmavlobaSi. dasja aris damsjelis miwodeba<br />
garkveul reaqciaze.<br />
ganmamtkiceblebi yovelTvis empiriuladaa<br />
gansazRvruli im efeqtis mixedviT, romelsac<br />
is qcevis sixSiris albaTobaze axdens. Tu Tqven<br />
irgvliv samyaros gadaxedavT, aRmoaCenT stimulTa<br />
sam klass: (1) stimuli, romlis mimarTac<br />
neitralurad xarT ganwyobili; (2) stimuli,<br />
romelic gizidavT da (3) stimuli, romelic<br />
aversiulia, anu cdilobT, Tavi aaridoT maT.<br />
cxadia, rom am stimulTa klasebis Semadgenloba<br />
gansxvavebuli iqneba TiToeuli individisaTvis.<br />
is, Tu ra aris mimzidveli da ra aversiuli,<br />
individualuri organizmis qceviT ganisazRvreba.<br />
magaliTad, marwyvi. miuxedavad imisa, rom<br />
marwyvi saerTod gemrielad iTvleba, zogierTi<br />
mas saWmelad uvargisad Tvlis. Tu aseT adamians<br />
SesTavazebT marwyvs, konkretul qcevaze pasuxad<br />
miiRebT principulad gansxvavebul Sedegs,<br />
vidre maSin, marwyvi moyvaruls rom SesTavazoT.<br />
movlenas, rodesac qcevas sasargeblo stimulis<br />
miwodeba mohyveba, dadebiTi ganmtkiceba<br />
ewodeba. virTxa Semouvlis yuTs, Tuki am qcevis<br />
ganmamtkicebeli (Reinforcer) _<br />
dadebiTi ganmtkiceba (Positive reinforcement) _<br />
uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba (Negative reinforcement)) _<br />
iwvevs.<br />
operatiuli Caqroba (Operant extinction<br />
Sedegi iqneba sakvebis miwodeba. adamianebi<br />
kvlavac mohyvebian anekdotebs, Tuki amis Sedegad<br />
miiReben xalxis sicilsa da aRfrTovanebas,<br />
rac, Tavis mxriv, maT siamovnebas aniWebs. movlenas,<br />
rodesac qcevas aversiuli stimulis<br />
CamoSoreba mohyveba, uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba<br />
ewodeba. magaliTad, adamiani, romelsac marwyvi<br />
ar uyvars, ganaxorcielebs qcevas, romelic mas<br />
aaridebs marwyvis Wamas. qolgis gamoyeneba wvimis<br />
dros imisaTvis, rom ar davsveldeT, klasikuri<br />
magaliTia uaryofiTi ganmtkicebis efeqtisa.<br />
am SemTxvevaSi aversiuli stimulia dasveleba.<br />
qolgis gamoyenebiT ki Cven Tavidan vicilebT<br />
mas.<br />
manqanis usafrTxoebis Rvedis signalic, er-<br />
Tgvarad, uaryofiTi ganmamtkiceblis funqcias<br />
asrulebs; misi damamcirebeli, Semawuxebeli<br />
xmis gaCereba SeiZleba, Tu mZRoli Rveds<br />
gadaiWers.<br />
imisaTvis, rom cxadad gavarCioT erTmane-<br />
Tisgan dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba,<br />
davimaxsovroT Semdegi kanonzomiereba: orive<br />
– dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba zrdis<br />
im reaqciis albaTobas, romelic win uswrebs<br />
maT. dadebiTi ganmtkiceba zrdis reaqciis<br />
albaTobas sasargeblo stimulis miwodebiT,<br />
xolo uaryofiTi ganmtkiceba akeTebs imaves,<br />
oRond sapirispiro meqanizmiT, aversiuli stimulis<br />
CamocilebiT, SemcirebiT an SeferxebiT.<br />
gavixsenoT, rom klasikur ganpirobebulobaSi<br />
Tu ganupirobebeli stimuli aRar mogvewodeba,<br />
ganpirobebuli reaqcia TandaTan qreba. igive<br />
kanonzomiereba ZalaSia operantuli ganpirobebulobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi: Tu ganmamtkicebeli<br />
mcirdeba an saerTod Camocilebulia, adgili<br />
aqvs operantul Caqrobas. amgvarad, Tuki qceva<br />
aRar iwvevs mosalodnel efeqtsa da Sedegs, is<br />
brundeba im doneze, romelzec iyo operantul<br />
ganpirobebulobamde. sakuTar Tavze dakvirvebisas<br />
araa Zneli, aRmovaCinoT qcevebi, romlebic<br />
garkveuli periodi ganmtkicebuli iyo da Semdeg<br />
Caqra. Tu gqoniaT SemTxveva, rom telefonis<br />
aparatSi fulis Cagdebisas moneta gaWedila,<br />
ver gilaparakiaT da dagirtyamT avtomatisTvis?<br />
Tuki am dros fuli Cavardeba avtomatSi, Tqven<br />
sxva drosac gaimorebT imave qcevas, radgan man<br />
erTxel ukve moitana Sedegi. magram momavalSi,<br />
Tuki Tqveni cda uSedegod dasrulda, es qcevac<br />
Caqreba.
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