(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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suraTi 7.11<br />
operantuli kabina<br />
sagangebo aparatSi Rilakze daWera iwvevs sakvebis<br />
mowodebas virTxisTvis.<br />
qceva, romelic SemuSavebulia organizmis mier<br />
da SeiZleba daxasiaTdes im dakvirvebadi,<br />
konkretuli gavleniT, rasac axdens garemoze.<br />
sityvasityviT, operantuli niSnavs garemoze<br />
gavlenas, misiT operirebas (Skinner, 1938). operantuli<br />
qceva ar aRmocendeba gansazRvruli stimuliT,<br />
rogorc es klasikur ganpirobebulobaSia.<br />
mtredebi kenkaven, virTxebi eZeben sakvebs,<br />
bavSvebi tirian, zogi adamiani laparakisas<br />
xelebs iyenebs, zogs ki ena ebmis. am qcevaTa<br />
albaToba momavalSi SeiZleba gaizardos an<br />
Semcirdes im Sedegebis mixedviT, rac maT<br />
mohyveba. magaliTisaTvis, Tu bavSvi RuRuniT<br />
aCqarebs sasurvel kontaqts mSoblebTan, samo-<br />
operantuli ganpirobebuloba (Operant conditioning)<br />
_ daswavlis forma, romelSic reaqciis<br />
albaToba icvleba Sedegebis mixedviT.<br />
operantuli qceva (Operant Behavior) _ organizmis<br />
mier ganxorcielebuli qceva, romelic SeiZleba<br />
mis mier garemoSi moxdenili TvalsaCino<br />
cvlilebis terminebiT aRiweros.<br />
pirobiTi ganmtkiceba (Reinforcement contingency)<br />
_ myari kavSiri reaqciasa da garemos im cvlilebebs<br />
Soris, romlebsac es reaqcia iwvevs.<br />
mavlod igi ufro mets iRuRunebs. operantuli<br />
ganpirobebuloba amgvarad cvlis sxvadasxva<br />
operantuli qcevis albaTobas imdenad, ramdenadac<br />
isini, faqtobrivad, garemo Sedegebis<br />
funqciebad gvevlinebian.<br />
Tavisi axali eqsperimentuli analizis gasagrZeleblad,<br />
skinerma Seqmna aparati, romlis<br />
meSveobiTac is akontrolebda qcevis Sedegs.<br />
mis mier Seqmnili operantuli kabina gamosaxulia<br />
suraTze 7.11 da naCvenebia, agreTve, rogor<br />
funqcionirebs is. rodesac virTxa gamoimuSavebs<br />
qcevis im meqanizms, romelic eqperimentators<br />
aqvs gansazRvruli, virTxa aWers Rilaks da<br />
sanacvlod iRebs sakvebs. es meqanizmi sa-<br />
Sualebas aZlevs mkvlevars, ikvlios is cvladebi,<br />
romlebic gavlenas axdenen daswavlaze<br />
an dauswavlelobaze. magaliTad, Tuki Rilakis<br />
daWeriT virTxa mxolod im SemTxvevaSi miiRebs<br />
sakvebs, roca kabinas Semouvlis (Seipingis<br />
procesiT, romelsac mogvianebiT SevexebiT), is<br />
swrafad iswavlis, rom Rilakis daWeramde kabinas<br />
unda Semouaros.<br />
operantul eqsperimentebSi did interess<br />
iwvevs is periodi, romlis ganmavlobaSic<br />
cxovels SeiZleba gansazRvruli qcevis paterni<br />
axsovdes. mkvlevrebma Caiweres paterni da misi<br />
yoveli gamovlena eqperimentis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
es meTodologia saSualebas miscemda skiners,<br />
gaerkvia pirobiTi ganmtkicebis efeqti cxovelis<br />
qcevaze.<br />
pirobiTi ganmtkiceba<br />
pirobiTi ganmtkiceba aris myari kavSiri<br />
reaqciasa da garemos im cvlilebas Soris,<br />
romelsac es reaqcia iwvevs.<br />
magaliTad, warmovidginoT eqsperimenti,<br />
romelSic mtredis mier firfitis kenkvas<br />
(reaqcia) mohyveba marcvlebis miwodeba (Sesabamisi<br />
cvlileba garemoSi). es myari kavSiri<br />
anu pirobiTi ganmtkiceba, Cveulebriv, iwvevs<br />
kenkvis intensivobis gazrdas. imisaTvis, rom<br />
gavzardoT mxolod kenkvis qcevis sixSire,<br />
marcvlebi unda mivawodoT mxolod kenkvis<br />
Semdeg. miwodeba unda moxdes mkacrad kenkvis<br />
gansazRvruli periodis Semdeg da ara Tavis<br />
mitrialebisa da daxris qcevebis Semdeg.<br />
skineris Sromaze dayrdnobiT, Tanamedrove<br />
bihevioraluri analizi cdilobs, qceva axsnas<br />
operantuli ganpirobebuloba: swavlebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb<br />
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