(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 7 / daswavla da qceviTi analizi<br />
242<br />
suraTi 7.10<br />
efeqtis kanoni<br />
daaxloebiT imave dros, roca pavlovi mu-<br />
Saobda ZaRlebTan klasikur ganpirobebulobaze,<br />
eduard Torndaiki (Edward L. Thorndike, 1898)<br />
akvirdeboda katebs, romlebsac unda epovaT<br />
gamosasvleli yuTi-labirinTebidan (sur. 7.10).<br />
Torndaikma male gamoaqveyna kidec Tavisi dakvirvebebis<br />
Sedegebi da daskvnebi. Tavdapirvelad<br />
katebi ibrZvian mxolod datyvevebis winaaRmdeg,<br />
magram, radgan erTxel maTma romeliRac impulsurma<br />
moqmedebam gamoiwvia karis gaReba,<br />
„yvela warumatebeli da gamousadegari impulsebi<br />
CaixSo da win wamowia mxolod isini, romelsac<br />
SeiZleba katebi mieyvana sasurvel Sedegamde~<br />
(Thorndike, 1898, gv. 13).<br />
ra iswavles Torndaikis katebma? Torndaikis<br />
analizis mixedviT, daswavla iyo asociacia<br />
situaciis stimulsa da reaqcias Soris, romelic<br />
iswavla cxovelma, anu stimuli-reaqcia<br />
efeqtis kanoni (Law of effect) _ daswavlis ZiriTadi<br />
kanoni, romlis mixedviTac stimulis<br />
Zala, gamoavlinos reaqcia, Zlierdeba, rodesac<br />
reaqcias mohyveba jildo da sustdeba, rodesac<br />
mas ar mohyveba jildo.<br />
kavSiri (S-R). amgvarad, katebma iswavles iseTi<br />
reaqciis gamovlena, (magaliTad, Rilakze an<br />
kvanZze kawvra) romelic gansazRvruli stimulis<br />
pirobebSi (datyveveba labirinTSi) miiyvans<br />
maT sasurvel miznamde (momentaluri Tavisufleba).<br />
gaiTvaliswineT, rom S-R kavSiris daswavla<br />
TandaTanobiT moxda da, amasTan, cdisa da<br />
Secdomis meTodiT. etapobrivad, is qcevebi,<br />
romelTac dadebiTi Sedegi hqondaT, gaxSirda,<br />
isini TandaTan iqcen dominantur reaqciebad,<br />
rodesac cxoveli kvlav xvdeboda labirinTSi.<br />
Torndaikma am kavSirs qcevasa da mis Sedegs<br />
Soris efeqtis kanoni uwoda: reaqcia damakmayofilebeli<br />
SedegiT iZens met albaTobas miznis<br />
miRwevisas, vidre is reaqcia, romelic arasasurvel<br />
Sedegs iwvevs.<br />
qcevis eqsperimentuli analizi<br />
skinerma aiTvisa Torndaikis Sexeduleba imis<br />
Taobaze, rom garemo Sedegebi Zlier efeqts<br />
axdens qcevaze. man SeimuSava kvlevis programa,<br />
romlis mizanic iyo stimulis ganpirobebulobis<br />
sistematuri variaciebis migneba, im meqanizmisa,<br />
romelic ganapirobebs gansazRvruli<br />
qcevis did albaTobas sxvadasxva garemo<br />
pirobebSi.<br />
bunebrivi monacemebi qcevis mecnierebaSi<br />
gansazRvruli qcevis gamovlinebaa<br />
gansazRvrul dros. eqperimentuli analizi<br />
ikvlevs albaTobas sixSiris an<br />
reaqciis xarisxis terminebiT. eqsperimentuli<br />
analizis amocanaa, aRmoaCinos yvela<br />
is cvladi, romelzec damokidebulia<br />
reaqciis sixSire (Skinner, 1966, gv. 213-214).<br />
skineris analizi ufro eqsperimentuli iyo,<br />
vidre Teoriuli: Teoretikosebi xelmZRvaneloben<br />
derivaciebiTa da winaswametyvelebebiT<br />
sakuTari Teoriebidan, magram iseTi empiristebi,<br />
rogoric skineri iyo, eyrdnobian mxolod<br />
realur, konkretul monacemebs. isini iwyeben<br />
eqperimentis konteqstSi monacemebis SegrovebiT<br />
da ar arian mijaWvulni romelime Teorias.<br />
imisaTvis, rom qceva eqsperimentulad gaeanalizebina,<br />
skinerma ganaviTara operantuli ganpirobebulobis<br />
procedura. igi manipulirebda<br />
organizmis Qqcevis SedegiT imisaTvis, rom mi-<br />
Rebuli efeqti daenaxa. operantulia nebismieri
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