(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO (natia) ZIMBARDO
Tavi 7 / daswavla da qceviTi analizi 232 suraTi 7.5 stimulis ganzogadebis gradientebi saSualo mwvaneze ganpirobebulobis aRmocenebis Semdeg subieqti reagirebs msgavsi Tvisebis mqone stimulzec, rogorc es naCvenebia sqemis A nawilSi, sust generalizaciaSi. magram, rodesac subieqts miewodeba ferebis ufro farTo speqtri, reaqciebi miT ufro sustdeba, rac ufro Sorsaa miwodebuli feri sawyisi stimulisagan. ganzogadebis gradienti xdeba Zalian Zlieri, rogorc es sqemis B nawilSia mocemuli. eqsperimentators SeuZlia ganzogadebis gradientis Secvla subieqtisTvis diskriminaciuli wvrTnis Catarebis Semdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi saSualo mwvane stimuli dawyvildeboda ganupirobebel stimulTan. vlindeba ganpirobebuli stimulis an ganupirobebeli stimulis Semdeg, adgili aqvs Caqrobis process (ix. sur. 7.3, nawili 2). ganpirobebuli reaqciebis mudmivoba araa organizmis qceviTi repertuaris ZiriTadi aspeqti; Tumca, ganpirobebulma reaqciam SeiZleba susti formiT Segvaxsenos Tavi, Tuki ganpirobebuli stimuli marto aRmocendeba (ix. sur. 7.3, nawili 3). pavlovi am movlenas gansazRvruli drois Semdeg, ganupirobebeli stimulis eqspoziciis gareSe swavlobda da mas spontanuri droebiTi aRmoceneba uwoda. Caqroba (Extinction) _ ganpirobebulobaSi, ganupirobebeli stimulis an ganmamtkiceblis ararsebobis Sedegad ganpirobebuli asociaciis Sesusteba. spontanuri aRdgena (Spontaneous recovery) _ Camqrali ganpirobebuli reaqciis xelaxali gamovlena garkveuli periodis Semdeg. stimulis generalizeba (Stimulus generalization) _ ganpirobebuli stimulis avtomaturi gavrcoba yvela im msgavs stimulze, romelic ar yofila Sewyvilebuli ganupirobebel stimulTan. rodesac sawyisi dawyvileba aRdgenilia, Caqrobis Semdeg, ganpirobebuli stimuli sagrZnoblad Zlierdeba. es uecari daswavla dakavSirebulia im maragTan, romelic pirvelad daswavlam gamoiwvia da amitom amjerad naklebi droa saWiro axali asociaciis asaTviseblad. ase rom, zogierTma eqsperimentulma asociaciam
SeiZleba Caqrobis Semdegac Seaxsenos organizms Tavi. sxva sityvebiT, Caqrobam mxolod Seasusta daswavlili asociaciis gamovlena da ara saerTod amoSala mocemuli paterni. swored amitom unda gavmijnoT daswavla da gamovlenis xarisxi daswavlis sawyis ganmartebaSi. stimulis ganzogadeba (generalizacia) davuSvaT, ZaRlma iswavla, rom garkveuli sixSiris zaris xma niSnavs sakvebis miRebas. specifikuria Tu ara ZaRlis reaqcia mxolod am stimulis mimarT? araa gasakviri, magram am kiTxvis pasuxia „ara~. zogadad, radgan erTxel gansazRvrulma ganpirobebulma stimulma gamoiwvia gansazRvruli ganpirobebuli reaqcia, msgavsma stimulma SeiZleba imave warmatebiT gamoiwvios msgavsi reaqcia. magaliTad, Tu ganpirobebuloba dakavSirebuli iyo maRali sixSiris mqone zarTan, dabali sixSirec gamoiwvevda ganpirobebul reaqcias. bavSvs, romelsac ukbens didi ZaRli, am SemTxvevis Semdeg patara ZaRlebisac SeeSindeba. am avtomatur dawyvilebas stimulisa, romelic arasdros yofila dakav- Sirebuli ganupirobebel reaqciasTan, stimulis ganzogadeba ewodeba. rac ufro mimsgavsebulia mocemuli stimuli sawyis ganpirobebul stimulTan, miT ufro Zlieri iqneba reaqcia. rodesac reaqciis siZliere izomeba mocemul ganzomilebaSi yoveli SemTxvevisaTvis, cxadi xdeba generalizaciis gradienti (ix. sur. 7.5). generalizaciis gradientis arsebobam Tavad unda gvikarnaxos klasikuri ganpirobebulobis meqanizmi yoveldRiur gamocdilebaSi. radgan mniSvnelovani stimuli bunebaSi iSviaTad vlindeba zustad erTi da imave formiT, stimulis ganzogadebis faqtori afarToebs daswavlis speqtrs sawyisi gamocdilebis miRmac. amgvarad, axali movlena SieZleba aRqmul iqnes, rogorc imave Sinaarsis an qceviTi mniSvnelobis mqone, miuxedavad aSkara gansxvavebebisa. stimulis diskriminacia zogierT garemoebaSi mniSvnelovania, rom reaqcia mxolod stimulis mcire raodenobaze aRmocendes. organizmma ar unda gadatvirTos sakuTari Tavi imiT, rom yvelanairi cxovelisgan garbodes, romelic namdvil mtacebels waagavs. stimulis diskriminacia aris procesi, romlis drosac organizmi swavlobs, gansxvavebuli reaqcia moaxdinos erTi da imave saxis gansxvavebul stimulebze (magaliTad, gansxvaveba wyalsa da zeTs Soris). organizmis mier stimulis diskriminaciis daswavla SeiZleba eqsperimentuli procesiT, romlis drosac sxvadasxva intensivobis zaris SemTxvevaSi mxolod, magaliTad, 1,200 herci sixSiris zars mohyveba ganupirobebeli stimuli, xolo sxvebi mis gareSe meordebian. ganpirobebulobis pirvel etapze ganpirobebuli stimulis msgavsi stimuli msgavs reaqcias, Tumca arc ise Zliers, warmoSobs. diskriminaciis treningis gagrZelebasTan erTad reaqcia sxva msgavs stimulebze iklebs. organizmi TandaTan swavlobs, romeli stimuli moaswavebs ganupirobebel stimuls da romeli _ ara. organizmma rom qceva optimalurad, saWiro drosa da adgilas gamoavlinos, unda arsebobdes balansi stimulis diskriminaciasa da ganzogadebas Soris. ar aris saWiro, bevri dro daeTmos stimulis diskriminacias; amasobaSi, SesaZloa mtaceblis arseboba gamogvrCes da arc zedmeti reaqciaa saWiro, raTa yvela Crdili ar gva- Sinebdes. klasikuri ganpirobebuloba organizms uzrunvelyofs meqanizmiT, romelic saSualebas aZlevs am ukanasknels, Sesabamisad reagirebdes garemos struqturebze (Garcia, 1990). SeZena am qveTavSi ufro vrclad ganvixilavT im pirobebs, romlebic saWiroa klasikuri ganpirobebulobisaTvis. aqamde Cven klasikurad ganpirobebuli reaqciebis SeZena aRvwereT, Tumca ar agvixsnia es fenomeni. pavlovi Tvlida, rom klasikuri ganpirobebuloba ganpirobebuli da ganupirobebeli stimulebis dawyvilebis Sedegia. misi azriT, Tu reaqcia klasikuradaa ganpirobebuli, ganpirobebuli da ganupirobebeli stimulebi TiTqmis erTdroulad unda gamovlindnen, anu adgili hqondes droSi stimulis diskriminacia (stimulus discrimination) _ ganpirobebulobis procesi, romlis drosac organizmi swavlobs, gansxvavebulad upasuxos gam- Rizianebels (stimuls), romelic ganpirobebuli stimulisagan raime ganzomilebiT gansxvavdeba. klasikuri ganpirobebuloba 233
- Page 1 and 2: cedurebs, radgan es procedurebi arR
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- Page 9 and 10: Zlieri nivTierebebi, rogoricaa stim
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- Page 15 and 16: daswavla daswavla da da qceviTi qce
- Page 17 and 18: ganixileba ganpirobebulobis ori Zir
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- Page 23: xvedril ganpirobebulobaSi orive sti
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- Page 35 and 36: suraTi 7.11 operantuli kabina sagan
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- Page 47 and 48: ganxilvaze, romlebic daswavlis zoga
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- Page 55 and 56: cxovrebaSi Zaladobis gamovlenis ara
- Page 57 and 58: ZiriTadi sakiTxebi ganpirobebuloba
- Page 59 and 60: Tavis avtobiografias marlon brando
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Tavi 7 / daswavla da qceviTi analizi<br />
232<br />
suraTi 7.5<br />
stimulis ganzogadebis gradientebi<br />
saSualo mwvaneze ganpirobebulobis aRmocenebis Semdeg subieqti reagirebs msgavsi Tvisebis<br />
mqone stimulzec, rogorc es naCvenebia sqemis A nawilSi, sust generalizaciaSi. magram,<br />
rodesac subieqts miewodeba ferebis ufro farTo speqtri, reaqciebi miT ufro sustdeba, rac<br />
ufro Sorsaa miwodebuli feri sawyisi stimulisagan. ganzogadebis gradienti xdeba Zalian<br />
Zlieri, rogorc es sqemis B nawilSia mocemuli. eqsperimentators SeuZlia ganzogadebis<br />
gradientis Secvla subieqtisTvis diskriminaciuli wvrTnis Catarebis Semdeg. aseT SemTxvevaSi<br />
saSualo mwvane stimuli dawyvildeboda ganupirobebel stimulTan.<br />
vlindeba ganpirobebuli stimulis an ganupirobebeli<br />
stimulis Semdeg, adgili aqvs Caqrobis<br />
process (ix. sur. 7.3, nawili 2). ganpirobebuli<br />
reaqciebis mudmivoba araa organizmis qceviTi<br />
repertuaris ZiriTadi aspeqti; Tumca, ganpirobebulma<br />
reaqciam SeiZleba susti formiT<br />
Segvaxsenos Tavi, Tuki ganpirobebuli stimuli<br />
marto aRmocendeba (ix. sur. 7.3, nawili 3).<br />
pavlovi am movlenas gansazRvruli drois Semdeg,<br />
ganupirobebeli stimulis eqspoziciis gareSe<br />
swavlobda da mas spontanuri droebiTi<br />
aRmoceneba uwoda.<br />
Caqroba (Extinction) _ ganpirobebulobaSi, ganupirobebeli<br />
stimulis an ganmamtkiceblis ararsebobis<br />
Sedegad ganpirobebuli asociaciis<br />
Sesusteba.<br />
spontanuri aRdgena (Spontaneous recovery) _ Camqrali<br />
ganpirobebuli reaqciis xelaxali gamovlena<br />
garkveuli periodis Semdeg.<br />
stimulis generalizeba (Stimulus generalization) _<br />
ganpirobebuli stimulis avtomaturi gavrcoba<br />
yvela im msgavs stimulze, romelic ar yofila<br />
Sewyvilebuli ganupirobebel stimulTan.<br />
rodesac sawyisi dawyvileba aRdgenilia,<br />
Caqrobis Semdeg, ganpirobebuli stimuli<br />
sagrZnoblad Zlierdeba. es uecari daswavla<br />
dakavSirebulia im maragTan, romelic pirvelad<br />
daswavlam gamoiwvia da amitom amjerad naklebi<br />
droa saWiro axali asociaciis asaTviseblad.<br />
ase rom, zogierTma eqsperimentulma asociaciam
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