(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO (natia) ZIMBARDO
Tavi 7 / daswavla da qceviTi analizi 228 gamoiwvia reaqcia. rogorc naxavT, Tqven gaqvT Tandayolili unari, sxartad daawyviloT movlenebi garemoSi asociaciis principiT, es ki qceviTi midrekilebaa. pavlovis saocari dakvirvebebi klasikuri ganpirobebulobis pirvel radikalur kvlevas Tamamad SeiZleba ewodos fsiqologiis yvelaze cnobili saswauli. rus fiziologs, ivan pavlovs (1849-1936) miznad ar dausaxavs klasikuri ganpirobebulobis, an sxva fiziologuri fenomenis kvleva. klasikur ganpirobebulobas igi SemTxveviT, saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis kvlevisas waawyda, risTvisac 1904 wels nobelis premia miiRo. pavlovs gamiznuli hqonda, gamoekvlia gadamuSavebis procesi ZaRlebSi, maT jirkvlebsa da saWmlis momnelebel organoebSi milebis CadgmiT (ix. sur. 7.1). igi am teqnikiT gamoyofili sekretis raodenobas gansazRvras da gaanalizebas SeZlebda. sekreciis gamosawvevad pavlovis asistenti ZaRls pirSi damuSavebul xorcs udebda. es procedura meordeboda gansazRruli raodenobiT, ris Semdegac pavlovma aRmoaCina, rom ZaRls nerwyvi gamoeyofoda manam, sanam mis pirSi xorci moxvdeboda, ubralod saWmlis danaxvaze da asistentis danaxvazec ki. metic, ZaRlma nerwyvis gamoyofa ukve misi nabijebis xmazec klasikuri ganpirobebuloba (Classical Conditioning) - daswavlis tipi, romelSic qceva (ganpirobebuli reaqcia) gamowveulia stimuliT (ganpirobebuli stimuli), romelic, Tavis mxriv, ganmtkicebulia biologiurad mniSvnelovan stimulTan asociaciis gamo (ganupirobebeli stimuli). daiwyo. aRmoCnda, rom nebismieri stimuli, romelic sistematurad win uswrebda saWmlis miRebas, nerwyvis gamoyofas iwvevda. sruliad SemTxveviT, pavlovma aRmoaCina, rom daswavla Sedegia erTmaneTTan asocirebuli ori stimulisa. pavlovSi, rogorc mecnierSi, am fenomenis mimarT cnobismoyvareobam gaiRviZa. man arafrad CaTvala im droisaTvis udidesi fiziologis, ser Carlz Seringtonis rCeva, Tavi daenebebina am suleluri axirebisaTvis. pavlovma miatova Tavisi kvleva gadamuSavebis Sesaxeb da amiT samudamod Secvala fsiqologiuri azrovnebis mimarTuleba (Pavlov, 1928). mTeli darCenili sicocxlis manZilze igi agrZelebda im cvladebis Zebnas, romlebic gavlenas axdenen kla- suraTi 7.1 pavlovis eqsperimenti Tavis eqsperimentSi pavlovma gamoiyena sxvadasxva neitraluri stimuli: xmebi, zari, Suqi da metronomi. eqsperimentatori iyenebda erT-erTs am stimulTagan da sakvebs, nerwyvs agrovebdnen specialuri milis saSualebiT.
sikurad ganpirobebul qcevaze. klasikuri ganpirobebuloba, agreTve, pavloviseul ganpirobebulobad iwodeba, radgan ganpirobebulobis fenomeni swored mis aRmoCenad iTvleba. pavlovis mniSvnelovanma kvleviTma gamocdilebam mas saSualeba misca, martivi strategiuli gegma aerCia, raTa ZaRlebSi nerwyvis gamoyofa ganepirobebina. eqsperimentebSi ZaRli sagangebo mowyobilobaSi iyo moTavsebuli, sadac regularuli intervalebiT iRebda stimuls zaris saxiT, ris Semdegac mas garkveuli raodenobis sakvebi eZleoda. aRsaniSnavia, rom ZaRlisaTvis aranairi kavSiri ar arsebobda zarsa da sakvebs Soris. erTaderTi reaqcia zaris pirvel gagebaze saorientacio refleqsi iyo – ZaRlma yurebi dacqvita da Tavi miatriala xmis wyaros dasadgenad. Tumca, zarisa da sakvebis miwodebis ganmeorebiTma dawyvilebam gamoiwvia saorientacio refleqsis Sewyveta da nerwyvis gamoyofa. fenomeni, rasac pavlovi Tavis adrindel kvlevebSi akvirdeboda, SemTxveviTi ar iyo. is SeiZleba kontrolirebuli pirobebiT yofiliyo gamowveuli. imis dasamtkiceblad, rom es zogadi efeqti iyo, pavlovma zaris garda gamoiyena mravalnairi stimuli, rogoricaa: naTura, eJvani, metronomi. klasikuri ganpirobebulobis birTvad refleqsebi unda CaiTvalos. refleqsi aris dauswavleli pasuxi, reaqcia, magaliTad, nerwyvis gamoyofa, Tvalebis xamxami da misTanani. yvela refleqsi bunebrivadaa gamowveuli specifikuri stimuliT, romelic biologiurad aqtualuria organizmisaTvis. nebismier stimuls, romelic bunebrivad iwvevs refleqsur qcevas, ganupirobebeli stimuli ewodeba, radgan swavla araa stimulis kontrolisaTvis aucilebeli piroba. qceva, romelic gamowveulia ganupirobebeli stimuliT, ganupirobebeli qcevaa. tipuri, klasikuri ganpirobebulobis eqsperimentSi (sur. 7.2) neitraluri stimuli, magaliTad, sinaTle, zari da a.S., romelsac, Cveulebriv, aranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs refleqsuri qcevisaTvis, meordeba wyvilSi ganupirobebel stimulTan ise, rom ganupirobebeli stimuli mohyveba neitralur stimuls. neitralur stimuls, magaliTad, zars, dawyvilebuls ganupirobebel stimulTan, ewodeba ganpirobebuli stimuli (CS), radgan misi Zala, gamoiwvios qceva, damokidebulia ganupirobebel stimulTan asociaciaze. ramdenime cdis Semdeg ganpirobebul stimuls mohyveba reaqcia, romelsac ewodeba ganpirobebuli reaqcia (CR). Zalian xSirad, ganpirobebuli reaqcia hgavs ganupirobebel reaqcias. magaliTad, pavlovis ZaRlebisaTvis orive reaqcia nerwyvis gamoyofa iyo. Tumca, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, ganpirobebuli reaqcia bevrad gansxvavdeba ganupirobebeli reaqciisagan: ganpirobebuli reaqcia warmoadgens nebismier pasuxs, rac, Tavis mxriv, daswavlis Sedegia. amgvarad, buneba uzrunvelgvyofs ganupirobebeli stimuli-reaqciiT, magram daswavla klasikuri ganpirobebulobis meSveobiT ganpirobebuli stimuli-reaqciis kavSirs qmnis. ganpirobebulobis procesi rogor viRebT ganupirobebeli da ganpirobebuli stimulebis damTxveviT klasikuri ganpirobebulobis efeqts? ramdenad myifea daswavla? ramdenad myaria asociaciebi? am TavSi vupasuxebT im kiTxvebs, romlebic ibadeba cxovelTa saxeobebze Catarebuli sxvadasxva kvlevis Sedegad. refleqsi (Reflex) _ specifikuri stimuliT gamowveuli dauswavleli pasuxi, romelsac biologiuri mniSvneloba aqvs organizmisaTvis. ganupirobebeli stimuli (Unconditioned stimulus) _ klasikur ganpirobebulobaSi stimuli, romelic iwvevs ganupirobebel reaqcias, pasuxs. ganupirobebeli reaqcia (Unconditioned response) _ klasikur ganpirobebulobaSi ganupirobebeli stimulis mier gamowveuli reaqcia winaswari varjiSis an daswavlis gareSe. ganpirobebuli stimuli (Conditioned stimulus) _ klasikur ganpirobebulobaSi aqamde neitraluri stimuli, romelic iwvevs ganpirobebul reaqcias. ganpirobebuli reaqcia (Conditioned response) _ klasikur ganpirobebulobaSi reaqcia, romelic aRmocendeba aqamde neitraluri stimulis safuZvelze. es xdeba imis Sedegad, rom neitraluri stimuli Sewyvilebulia ganupirobebel stimulTan. SeZena (Acquisition) _ klasikuri ganpirobebulobis eqsperimentis stadia, romlis drosac ganpirobebuli reaqcia pirvelad aris gamowveuli ganpirobebuli stimuliT. klasikuri ganpirobebuloba 229
- Page 1 and 2: cedurebs, radgan es procedurebi arR
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- Page 5 and 6: normalur „TvaldaxuWul~ modunebul
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- Page 9 and 10: Zlieri nivTierebebi, rogoricaa stim
- Page 11 and 12: Sekavebis an Semcirebis saSualebiT.
- Page 13 and 14: ferovan gzebs? Cveulebriv, ZiriTadi
- Page 15 and 16: daswavla daswavla da da qceviTi qce
- Page 17 and 18: ganixileba ganpirobebulobis ori Zir
- Page 19: skinerma wamoiwyo kvleva, romelic m
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- Page 25 and 26: SeiZleba Caqrobis Semdegac Seaxseno
- Page 27 and 28: suraTi 7.7 reskorlas procedura alba
- Page 29 and 30: ganpirobebuloba gamoviyenoT imunolo
- Page 31 and 32: es kaci regularulad iRebda gacilebi
- Page 33 and 34: om wamlis uaryofiTi efeqtebic ar ga
- Page 35 and 36: suraTi 7.11 operantuli kabina sagan
- Page 37 and 38: dadebiTi da uaryofiTi dasja albaT i
- Page 39 and 40: cxrili 7.1 sampirobiani albaToba: d
- Page 41 and 42: aris (Chess & Thomas; 1984). savara
- Page 43 and 44: mocemul situaciaSi premakis princip
- Page 45 and 46: saSualod yovel 10 reaqcias mohyveba
- Page 47 and 48: ganxilvaze, romlebic daswavlis zoga
- Page 49 and 50: saidan viciT stimulisa da Sedegebis
- Page 51 and 52: kogniciis gavlena daswavlaze rogorc
- Page 53 and 54: adekvaturad reagireba da maTi 80% s
- Page 55 and 56: cxovrebaSi Zaladobis gamovlenis ara
- Page 57 and 58: ZiriTadi sakiTxebi ganpirobebuloba
- Page 59 and 60: Tavis avtobiografias marlon brando
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- Page 65 and 66: suraTi 8.3 informaciis gadasvla xan
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sikurad ganpirobebul qcevaze. klasikuri ganpirobebuloba,<br />
agreTve, pavloviseul ganpirobebulobad<br />
iwodeba, radgan ganpirobebulobis<br />
fenomeni swored mis aRmoCenad iTvleba.<br />
pavlovis mniSvnelovanma kvleviTma gamocdilebam<br />
mas saSualeba misca, martivi strategiuli<br />
gegma aerCia, raTa ZaRlebSi nerwyvis<br />
gamoyofa ganepirobebina. eqsperimentebSi ZaRli<br />
sagangebo mowyobilobaSi iyo moTavsebuli, sadac<br />
regularuli intervalebiT iRebda stimuls<br />
zaris saxiT, ris Semdegac mas garkveuli<br />
raodenobis sakvebi eZleoda. aRsaniSnavia, rom<br />
ZaRlisaTvis aranairi kavSiri ar arsebobda zarsa<br />
da sakvebs Soris. erTaderTi reaqcia zaris<br />
pirvel gagebaze saorientacio refleqsi iyo –<br />
ZaRlma yurebi dacqvita da Tavi miatriala xmis<br />
wyaros dasadgenad. Tumca, zarisa da sakvebis<br />
miwodebis ganmeorebiTma dawyvilebam gamoiwvia<br />
saorientacio refleqsis Sewyveta da nerwyvis<br />
gamoyofa.<br />
fenomeni, rasac pavlovi Tavis adrindel<br />
kvlevebSi akvirdeboda, SemTxveviTi ar iyo. is<br />
SeiZleba kontrolirebuli pirobebiT yofiliyo<br />
gamowveuli. imis dasamtkiceblad, rom es zogadi<br />
efeqti iyo, pavlovma zaris garda gamoiyena<br />
mravalnairi stimuli, rogoricaa: naTura, eJvani,<br />
metronomi.<br />
klasikuri ganpirobebulobis birTvad refleqsebi<br />
unda CaiTvalos. refleqsi aris<br />
dauswavleli pasuxi, reaqcia, magaliTad, nerwyvis<br />
gamoyofa, Tvalebis xamxami da misTanani. yvela<br />
refleqsi bunebrivadaa gamowveuli specifikuri<br />
stimuliT, romelic biologiurad aqtualuria<br />
organizmisaTvis. nebismier stimuls, romelic<br />
bunebrivad iwvevs refleqsur qcevas, ganupirobebeli<br />
stimuli ewodeba, radgan swavla araa<br />
stimulis kontrolisaTvis aucilebeli piroba.<br />
qceva, romelic gamowveulia ganupirobebeli<br />
stimuliT, ganupirobebeli qcevaa.<br />
tipuri, klasikuri ganpirobebulobis eqsperimentSi<br />
(sur. 7.2) neitraluri stimuli, magaliTad,<br />
sinaTle, zari da a.S., romelsac, Cveulebriv,<br />
aranairi mniSvneloba ara aqvs refleqsuri<br />
qcevisaTvis, meordeba wyvilSi ganupirobebel<br />
stimulTan ise, rom ganupirobebeli stimuli<br />
mohyveba neitralur stimuls. neitralur stimuls,<br />
magaliTad, zars, dawyvilebuls ganupirobebel<br />
stimulTan, ewodeba ganpirobebuli<br />
stimuli (CS), radgan misi Zala, gamoiwvios qceva,<br />
damokidebulia ganupirobebel stimulTan<br />
asociaciaze. ramdenime cdis Semdeg ganpirobebul<br />
stimuls mohyveba reaqcia, romelsac ewodeba<br />
ganpirobebuli reaqcia (CR). Zalian xSirad,<br />
ganpirobebuli reaqcia hgavs ganupirobebel<br />
reaqcias. magaliTad, pavlovis ZaRlebisaTvis<br />
orive reaqcia nerwyvis gamoyofa iyo. Tumca,<br />
zogierT SemTxvevaSi, ganpirobebuli reaqcia<br />
bevrad gansxvavdeba ganupirobebeli reaqciisagan:<br />
ganpirobebuli reaqcia warmoadgens nebismier<br />
pasuxs, rac, Tavis mxriv, daswavlis Sedegia.<br />
amgvarad, buneba uzrunvelgvyofs ganupirobebeli<br />
stimuli-reaqciiT, magram daswavla<br />
klasikuri ganpirobebulobis meSveobiT ganpirobebuli<br />
stimuli-reaqciis kavSirs qmnis.<br />
ganpirobebulobis procesi<br />
rogor viRebT ganupirobebeli da ganpirobebuli<br />
stimulebis damTxveviT klasikuri<br />
ganpirobebulobis efeqts? ramdenad myifea<br />
daswavla? ramdenad myaria asociaciebi? am TavSi<br />
vupasuxebT im kiTxvebs, romlebic ibadeba cxovelTa<br />
saxeobebze Catarebuli sxvadasxva kvlevis<br />
Sedegad.<br />
refleqsi (Reflex) _ specifikuri stimuliT gamowveuli<br />
dauswavleli pasuxi, romelsac biologiuri<br />
mniSvneloba aqvs organizmisaTvis.<br />
ganupirobebeli stimuli (Unconditioned stimulus)<br />
_ klasikur ganpirobebulobaSi stimuli, romelic<br />
iwvevs ganupirobebel reaqcias, pasuxs.<br />
ganupirobebeli reaqcia (Unconditioned response)<br />
_ klasikur ganpirobebulobaSi ganupirobebeli<br />
stimulis mier gamowveuli reaqcia winaswari<br />
varjiSis an daswavlis gareSe.<br />
ganpirobebuli stimuli (Conditioned stimulus) _<br />
klasikur ganpirobebulobaSi aqamde neitraluri<br />
stimuli, romelic iwvevs ganpirobebul reaqcias.<br />
ganpirobebuli reaqcia (Conditioned response) _<br />
klasikur ganpirobebulobaSi reaqcia, romelic<br />
aRmocendeba aqamde neitraluri stimulis safuZvelze.<br />
es xdeba imis Sedegad, rom neitraluri<br />
stimuli Sewyvilebulia ganupirobebel<br />
stimulTan.<br />
SeZena (Acquisition) _ klasikuri ganpirobebulobis<br />
eqsperimentis stadia, romlis drosac<br />
ganpirobebuli reaqcia pirvelad aris gamowveuli<br />
ganpirobebuli stimuliT.<br />
klasikuri ganpirobebuloba<br />
229
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