(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 7 / daswavla da qceviTi analizi<br />
228<br />
gamoiwvia reaqcia. rogorc naxavT, Tqven gaqvT<br />
Tandayolili unari, sxartad daawyviloT movlenebi<br />
garemoSi asociaciis principiT, es ki<br />
qceviTi midrekilebaa.<br />
pavlovis saocari dakvirvebebi<br />
klasikuri ganpirobebulobis pirvel radikalur<br />
kvlevas Tamamad SeiZleba ewodos fsiqologiis<br />
yvelaze cnobili saswauli. rus fiziologs,<br />
ivan pavlovs (1849-1936) miznad ar dausaxavs<br />
klasikuri ganpirobebulobis, an sxva fiziologuri<br />
fenomenis kvleva. klasikur ganpirobebulobas<br />
igi SemTxveviT, saWmlis momnelebeli<br />
sistemis kvlevisas waawyda, risTvisac 1904 wels<br />
nobelis premia miiRo.<br />
pavlovs gamiznuli hqonda, gamoekvlia gadamuSavebis<br />
procesi ZaRlebSi, maT jirkvlebsa da<br />
saWmlis momnelebel organoebSi milebis CadgmiT<br />
(ix. sur. 7.1). igi am teqnikiT gamoyofili sekretis<br />
raodenobas gansazRvras da gaanalizebas SeZlebda.<br />
sekreciis gamosawvevad pavlovis asistenti<br />
ZaRls pirSi damuSavebul xorcs udebda.<br />
es procedura meordeboda gansazRruli raodenobiT,<br />
ris Semdegac pavlovma aRmoaCina, rom<br />
ZaRls nerwyvi gamoeyofoda manam, sanam mis pirSi<br />
xorci moxvdeboda, ubralod saWmlis danaxvaze<br />
da asistentis danaxvazec ki. metic, ZaRlma<br />
nerwyvis gamoyofa ukve misi nabijebis xmazec<br />
klasikuri ganpirobebuloba (Classical Conditioning)<br />
- daswavlis tipi, romelSic qceva (ganpirobebuli<br />
reaqcia) gamowveulia stimuliT (ganpirobebuli<br />
stimuli), romelic, Tavis mxriv, ganmtkicebulia<br />
biologiurad mniSvnelovan stimulTan<br />
asociaciis gamo (ganupirobebeli stimuli).<br />
daiwyo. aRmoCnda, rom nebismieri stimuli,<br />
romelic sistematurad win uswrebda saWmlis<br />
miRebas, nerwyvis gamoyofas iwvevda. sruliad<br />
SemTxveviT, pavlovma aRmoaCina, rom daswavla<br />
Sedegia erTmaneTTan asocirebuli ori stimulisa.<br />
pavlovSi, rogorc mecnierSi, am fenomenis<br />
mimarT cnobismoyvareobam gaiRviZa. man arafrad<br />
CaTvala im droisaTvis udidesi fiziologis,<br />
ser Carlz Seringtonis rCeva, Tavi daenebebina<br />
am suleluri axirebisaTvis. pavlovma miatova<br />
Tavisi kvleva gadamuSavebis Sesaxeb da amiT<br />
samudamod Secvala fsiqologiuri azrovnebis<br />
mimarTuleba (Pavlov, 1928). mTeli darCenili<br />
sicocxlis manZilze igi agrZelebda im cvladebis<br />
Zebnas, romlebic gavlenas axdenen kla-<br />
suraTi 7.1<br />
pavlovis eqsperimenti<br />
Tavis eqsperimentSi pavlovma gamoiyena sxvadasxva<br />
neitraluri stimuli: xmebi, zari, Suqi da metronomi.<br />
eqsperimentatori iyenebda erT-erTs am stimulTagan<br />
da sakvebs, nerwyvs agrovebdnen specialuri milis<br />
saSualebiT.
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