(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
Tavi 11 / adamianis ganviTareba cxovrebis manZilze<br />
400<br />
axla, vnaxoT, rogor aRweren mkvlevrebi ganviTarebis<br />
cvlilebebs.<br />
ganviTarebis aRwera<br />
imisaTvis, rom aRvweroT cvlileba, pirveli<br />
sasargeblo nabiji iqneba, davadginoT, Tu ras<br />
warmoadgens da rogor gamoiyureba saSualo<br />
adamiani garkveul asakSi garegnobis, gonebrivi<br />
SesaZleblobebis da sxva faqtorebis mixedviT.<br />
normatiuli kvlevebi cdiloben, aRweron konkretuli<br />
asakis, an ganviTarebis konkretuli etapis<br />
maxasiaTeblebi. sxvadasxva asakis individTa sistematuri<br />
testirebis gziT, mkvlevrebi adgenen<br />
ganviTarebis TvalSisacem Tvisebebs. bevr adamianze<br />
dakvirvebis safuZvelze es monacemebi uzrunvelyofen<br />
normebs _ ganviTarebis, an miRwevis<br />
standartul paternebs, romelic didi raodenobiT<br />
adamianebze dakvirvebiT aris miRebuli.<br />
normatiuli standartebis saSualebiT fsiqologebi<br />
erTmaneTisgan mijnaven qronologiur<br />
asaks _ pirovnebis dabadebidan gasuli Tveebisa<br />
Tu wlebis raodenobas da ganviTarebis asaks _<br />
qronologiur asaks, rodesac adamianebis umravlesoba<br />
avlens fizikuri da gonebrivi ganviTarebis<br />
garkveul dones. sami wlis bavSvi, romelic<br />
metyvelebs, rogorc saSualo 5 wlis bavSvi,<br />
iTvleba, rom metyvelebis ganviTarebis mixedviT<br />
is 5 wlisaa. normebi uzrunvelyofs standartul<br />
baziss, romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebeli xdeba<br />
individebisa da jgufebis urTierTSedareba.<br />
cvlilebaTa SesaZlo meqanizmis gasagebad<br />
ganviTarebis fsiqologebi kvlevis ramdenime<br />
normatiuli kvleva (normative investigation) _<br />
gulisxmobs gansazRvruli asakisa Tu ganvi-<br />
Tarebis safexurisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis<br />
aRweras.<br />
qronologiuri asaki (chronological age) _ individis<br />
dabadebidan gasuli Tveebis an wlebis<br />
raodenoba.<br />
ganviTarebis asaki (developmental age) _ qronologiuri<br />
asaki, romlis drosac bavSvebis umravlesoba<br />
amJRavnebs fizikuri Tu gonebrivi<br />
ganviTarebis garkveul dones.<br />
longituduri meTodi (longitudinal design) _ kvlevis<br />
meTodi, romlis drosac erTsa da imave<br />
cdis pirebze warmoebs ganmeorebiTi dakvirveba<br />
droTa ganmavlobaSi, zogjer mravali wlis<br />
manZilze.<br />
models iyeneben. longituduri meTodis gamoyenebisas<br />
erTi da igive individebi mravali<br />
wlis ganmavlobaSi sistematuri dakvirvebisa<br />
da testirebis qveS imyofebian. magaliTad,<br />
mkvlevrebs SeuZliaT ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi<br />
kviraSi ramdenjerme ikvlion erTi da<br />
igive bavSvebi, raTa, rac SeiZleba zustad<br />
daafiqsiron is momenti, roca TiToeuli bavSvi<br />
mza strategiis gamoyenebas daiwyebs ariTmetikuli<br />
amocanebis gadasawyvetad (Siegler & Crowley,<br />
1991). cvlilebis momentis gamoyofiT mkvlevrebs<br />
SeuZliaT ukeTesad dainaxon, Tu, kerZod, ra<br />
uswrebs win ama Tu im cvlilebas. mkvlevrebi<br />
longitudur meTods, aseve, xSirad iyeneben<br />
individualuri gansxvavebebis Sesaswavlad.<br />
sxvadasxva adamianis cxovrebis mimarTulebisa<br />
da Sedegebis ukeT gasagebad mkvlevrebma SeiZleba<br />
Seafason mTeli rigi SesaZlo mizezobrivi<br />
faqtorebisa, romelic cxovrebis adreul<br />
periodSi moqmedebs da naxon, ra gavlenas axdens<br />
es faqtorebi calkeuli individis cxovrebaze.<br />
grZelvadiani gamokvlevis upiratesoba isaa,<br />
rom, vinaidan cdis pirebi, ZiriTadad, erTgvar<br />
sicialur-ekonomikur pirobebSi erTsa da imave<br />
socialur-ekonomikur periodSi cxovroben,<br />
SevZlebT asakTan dakavSirebuli cvlilebebis<br />
dafiqsirebas da isini ar agvereva socialuri<br />
pirobebis cvalebadobaSi (Schaie, 1989). am meTodis<br />
minusi ki isaa, rom ganzogadeba SeiZleba gakeTdes<br />
mxolod imave kohortaze, anu kvlevaSi Car-<br />
Tuli subieqtebis analogiur periodSi dabadebul<br />
adamianebze. amasTanave, longituduri<br />
kvlevebi Zviri jdeba, radgan Znelia cdis<br />
pirebze dakvirveba drois xangrZlivi monakve-<br />
Tebis manZilze da, Tanac, monacemebi advilad<br />
SeiZleba daikargos cdis pirTa kvlevidan gasvlis<br />
an gauCinarebis gamo.<br />
ganviTarebis kvlevaTa umravlesoba e. w. jvaredini<br />
Seswavlis meTods iyenebs, sadac sxvadasxva<br />
qronologiuri asakis mqone cdis pirTa<br />
jgufebze erTdroulad dakvirvebac xdeba da<br />
urTierTSedarebac. Sedegad, mkvlevars SeuZlia<br />
daaskvnas im qceviTi gansxvavebebis Taobaze,<br />
romlebic, SesaZloa, dakavSirebuli iyos<br />
asakobriv cvlilebebTan. magaliTad, mkvlevrebma<br />
imis Sesaswavlad, Tu rogor uzrunvelyofen<br />
erTmaneTisTvis megobrebi socialur mxarda-<br />
Weras, maT SeiZleba erTnairi laboratoriuli<br />
davalebebi miscen 11, 15 19 wlis mozardTa
Change language