(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO (natia) ZIMBARDO
Tavi 11 / adamianis ganviTareba cxovrebis manZilze 398 vfiqrob, rom Cemnair bavSvobas yvela inatrebda. mamaCemi eqimi iyo da deda _ sadazRvevo agenti. TandaTan finansuri mdgomareoba umjobesdeboda da es yvelas moswonda, magram aravis rCeboda dro ojaxisaTvis. gesmiT risi Tqma minda? mama cdilobda eSova fuli da eyida dedasTvis „mersedesi~, gvelis tyavis fexsacmeli da sxva msgavsi ram, magram ojaxisTvis aravis ecala. ase rom, Tqven warmoidgineT, me, ZiriTadad, garemosgan vswavlobdi yvelafers. vswavlobdi mezobeli bavSvebisagan. vinaidan ojaxisTvis dro aravis hqonda, me yvela araswori saqcielisaTvis visjebodi, magram arasodes viRebdi Seqebas kargi qcevis gamo. es mudam ase iyo. maS, Caidine raime onavroba, es aris atlantaSi mcxovrebi 16 wlis afroamerikelis, derilis, sityvebi. aSkaraa, rom movlenebma, romelTac misi warsuli ganapirobes, misi samomavlo miswrafebebic ganapirobes (Goodmillie, 1993, gv. 28-29). rogor mivida derili aseT daskvnamde? rogor viTardeboda misi azrovneba wlebis ganmavlobaSi? me-11 TavSi Cven SevecdebiT, gaviazroT im ZalaTa moqmedeba, romlebic individTa cxovrebas mTeli sicocxlis manZilze ayalibeben. warmoidgineT, rom xelSi axalSobili giWiravT. ramdenad zustad SegiZliaT gansazRvroT, rogori iqneba igi erTi wlis Semdeg? xuTi wlis Semdeg? TxuTmetis? ormocdaaTis? samocdaaTis? oTxmocdaaTis? Tqveni winaswarmetyveleba, albaT, zogadisa da konkretulis rom migtyepon. samagierod, yuradRebas mainc miiqcev ramiT. is, rac me minda, rom gavakeTo, Cemi sakuTari skolis gaxsnaa. aTi wlis Semdeg Cems Tavs skolaSi vxedav, magram ara Cveulebriv saklaso oTaxSi, aramed skolaSi, romelSic ar iqneba asaxuli Cveni politikuri da ekonomikuri sistemis mankierebani. es sistema xom viRacaze upiratesobis mopovebas gulisxmobs. Cemi skola ubralod Tanasworuflebiani maswavleblebis skola iqneba _ TeTrkaniani, Savkaniani, laTino-amerikeli, Cineli, nebismieri, radgan es yvelaferi sulier aRzevebas da Tavisuflebas emsaxureba. araviTari komercia. fuliT SeiZleba iyido didi „mersedesi~ da vila, magram Tu Seni suli daukmayofilebelia, Sen mainc ubeduri pirovneba xar. nazavs daefuZneba. bavSvi, albaT, namdvilad iswavlis enas, magram is SeiZleba iyos an ar iyos niWieri mwerali. Tqveni winaswarmetyveleba, aseve, SeiZleba Tandayolilisa da garemo pirobebis gaTvaliswinebas daefuZnos: Tu orive mSobeli niWieri mwerali iyo, Tqven SeiZleba ifiqroT, rom bavSvic, aseve, literaturuli niWiT iqneba dajildoebuli. bavSvs rom ganaTleba mdidrul garemocvaSi hqonoda miRebuli, Tqven SeiZleba gefiqraT, rom misi akademiuri moswreba gadaaWarbebda mSoblebisas. am TavSi Cven aRvwerT ganviTarebis fsiqologiis Teoriebs, romlebic saSualebas gvaZlevs, sistemurad gaviazroT, Tu ra tipis prognozis gakeTeba SegviZlia axalSobilis momavlis Sesaxeb.
cxrili 11.1 ganviTarebis safexurebi safexuri asaki Canasaxovani (prenataluri) Cvili bavSvoba adreuli bavSvoba gviani bavSvoba mozardoba axalgazrdoba1 mowifuloba xnovani dabadebis wina periodi dabadebidan 18 Tvemde daaxloebiT 18 Tvidan 6 wlamde daaxloebiT 6 wlidan 13 wlamde daaxloebiT 13 wlidan 20 wlamde daaxloebiT 20 wlidan 30 wlamde daaxloebiT 30 wlidan 65 wlamde daaxloebiT 65 wlidan zeviT ganviTarebis fsiqologia aris fsiqologiis sfero, romelic Seiswavlis cvlilebebs adamianis fizikur da fsiqologiur funqcionirebaSi Casaxvidan sicocxlis bolomde. ganviTarebis fsiqologebis amocanaa, gaarkvion, rogor da ratom icvlebian organizmebi drois ganmavlobaSi da aRweron da axsnan es cvlilebebi. mkvlevrebi swavloben drois periodebs, romelTa ganmavlobaSic pirvelad iCens Tavs sxvadasxva unarebi da funqciebi da akvirdebian, Tu rogor icvleba es unarebi. ZiriTadi winapirobaa is, rom adamianis fsiqikuri funqcionireba, socialuri urTierTobebi da sxva sasicocxlod aucilebeli aspeqtebi viTardeba da icvleba mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi. cxrili 11.1 miaxloebiT gviCvenebs sicocxlis ZiriTad periodebs. am TavSi warmogidgenT, Tu rogor ikvleven mkvlevrebi ganviTarebas da rogor warmoadgenen im Teoriebs, romelTa saSualebiTac cdiloben droTa ganmavlobaSi momxdari cvlilebebis axsnas. Semdeg Tqvens cxovrebiseul gamocdilebebs sxvadasxva sferoebad davyofT da TiToeuli maTganis gaTvaliswinebiT ganvixilavT ganviTarebas. Tavis dasawyisSi Cven yurad- Rebas fizikur, kognitur da enobriv ganviTarebaze SevaCerebT. Semdeg ki yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT socialuri urTierTobebis cvalebad 1 cxrilSi mocemuli Semdegi sami kategoria erTiandeba ufro did kategoriaSi da ewodeba mozrdiloba. originaluri teqstis mixedviT aris: mozrdiloba, sadac Sedis: (1) adreuli mozrdiloba _ aq: axalgazrdoba, (2) Suaxnis mozrdiloba _ aq: mowifuloba da (3) gviani mozrdiloba _ aq: xnovani. (mTargmnelis SeniSvna) bunebaze sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi da, aseve, im specifikur amocanebze, romelTa winaSec adamianebi dgebian cxovrebis garkveul etapebze. axla gavarkvioT, ras niSnavs ganviTarebis Seswavla. ganviTarebis Seswavla da axsna warmoidgineT, rom gTxoveT yvela im cvlilebis siis Sedgena, romelic, Tqveni azriT, bolo erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ganicadeT. ras CawerdiT am siaSi? xom ar CaerTeT fizikuri gajansaRebis axal programaSi? an xom ar gankurnebulxarT raime daavadebisagan? xom ar gagCeniaT raime axali hobi an interesi? megobar- Ta axali wre xom ar SegiZeniaT? vinmes gansakuTrebiT xom ar dauaxlovdiT? rodesac ganviTarebas aRvwerT, Cven mis konceptualizacias cvlilebis terminebiT vaxdenT. Cven gTxoveT sakuTar cxovrebaSi momxdar cvlilebebze fiqri, raTa dagvenaxvebina, rom cvlileba TiTqmis yovelTvis niSnavs kompromiss. xSirad adamianebi cxovrebas ganixilaven, rogorc, ZiriTadad, SeZenis process (ukeTesobisaken svlas) bavSvobaSi da, piriqiT, dakargvis process (danakargs, uaresobisaken svlas) xandazmul asakSi. ganviTarebis Cveneuli perspeqtiva aqcents imaze akeTebs, rom arCevanebi da, Sesabamisad, mogebebi da danakargebi ganviTarebis yvela etaps axasiaTebs (Dixon 1999; Uttal & Perlmutter, 1989). magaliTad, rodesac adamianebi cxovrebis Tanamgzavrs irCeven, isini Tmoben farTo arCevanis saSualebas, magram iZenen usafrTxoebas. rodesac adamianebi berdebian da pensiaze gadian, isini Tmoben statuss, magram iZenen Tavisufal dros. agreTve, didi mniSvnaloba aqvs imas, rom ganviTareba ar ganixiloT, rogorc pasiuri procesi. Tqven dainaxavT, rom ganviTarebis bevri cvlileba individisgan garemoSi aqtiur CarTvas moiTxovs (Bronfenbenner, 1999; Bronfenbenner & Ceci, 1994). ganviTarebis fsiqologia (Developmental psychology) _ fsiqologiis dargi, romelic swavlobs fizikuri da fsiqologiuri procesebis urTierTqmedebas da ganviTarebis stadiebs mTeli cxovrebis manZilze ganviTarebis poziciidan. ganviTarebis Seswavla da axsna 399
- Page 139 and 140: fsiqologia XXI saukuneSi Tu odesme
- Page 141 and 142: daskvna. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRqm
- Page 143 and 144: warmatebul ierusalimel iurists, kol
- Page 145 and 146: aSi mocemul eqimTa ricxvi. pasuxebz
- Page 147 and 148: problema da naxeT, SecvliT Tu ara T
- Page 149 and 150: aseTi Sedegi SesaZlebelia im SemTxv
- Page 151 and 152: inteleqti inteleqti da da inteleqti
- Page 153 and 154: iwyeben. Cveni yuradRebis centrSi i
- Page 155 and 156: yeneba. imisaTvis, rom am principeb
- Page 157 and 158: vinaidan maT ar surdaT wasvla. im f
- Page 159 and 160: qulebi gamocdebTan dakavSirebuli Sf
- Page 161 and 162: × (Robert Yerkis), gamoexmaurnen o
- Page 163 and 164: cxrili 10.1 lebis xuTi subtesti moi
- Page 165 and 166: fsiqologia XXI saukuneSi inteleqtis
- Page 167 and 168: leqsikuri testi adgens semantikuri
- Page 169 and 170: vinaidan TiToeuli cxeni, mTeli rigi
- Page 171 and 172: pamelam xeli aiwia, igi adgilidan w
- Page 173 and 174: lobebi da kanondarRvevis SemTxveveb
- Page 175 and 176: aRwevs ufros mozrdilebTan! bevrs ga
- Page 177 and 178: suraTi 10.5 memkvidreobas, garemosa
- Page 179 and 180: empiriuli literaturidan... viRebT r
- Page 181 and 182: suraTi 10.7 stereotipuli muqara ste
- Page 183 and 184: suraTi 10.8 iZleva SemoqmedebiTobis
- Page 185 and 186: leba iswavlos man aqedan. Tqven Sei
- Page 187 and 188: ac imis Sedegia, Tu sad imyofebodne
- Page 189: adamianis adamianis ganviTareba gan
Tavi 11 / adamianis ganviTareba cxovrebis manZilze<br />
398<br />
vfiqrob, rom Cemnair bavSvobas yvela<br />
inatrebda. mamaCemi eqimi iyo<br />
da deda _ sadazRvevo agenti. TandaTan<br />
finansuri mdgomareoba umjobesdeboda<br />
da es yvelas moswonda, magram aravis rCeboda<br />
dro ojaxisaTvis. gesmiT risi Tqma minda? mama<br />
cdilobda eSova fuli da eyida dedasTvis<br />
„mersedesi~, gvelis tyavis fexsacmeli da sxva<br />
msgavsi ram, magram ojaxisTvis aravis ecala.<br />
ase rom, Tqven warmoidgineT, me, ZiriTadad,<br />
garemosgan vswavlobdi yvelafers. vswavlobdi<br />
mezobeli bavSvebisagan.<br />
vinaidan ojaxisTvis dro aravis hqonda, me<br />
yvela araswori saqcielisaTvis visjebodi, magram<br />
arasodes viRebdi Seqebas kargi qcevis gamo.<br />
es mudam ase iyo. maS, Caidine raime onavroba,<br />
es aris atlantaSi mcxovrebi 16 wlis afroamerikelis,<br />
derilis, sityvebi. aSkaraa, rom<br />
movlenebma, romelTac misi warsuli ganapirobes,<br />
misi samomavlo miswrafebebic ganapirobes (Goodmillie,<br />
1993, gv. 28-29). rogor mivida derili aseT<br />
daskvnamde? rogor viTardeboda misi azrovneba<br />
wlebis ganmavlobaSi? me-11 TavSi Cven SevecdebiT,<br />
gaviazroT im ZalaTa moqmedeba, romlebic<br />
individTa cxovrebas mTeli sicocxlis manZilze<br />
ayalibeben.<br />
warmoidgineT, rom xelSi axalSobili<br />
giWiravT. ramdenad zustad SegiZliaT gansazRvroT,<br />
rogori iqneba igi erTi wlis Semdeg?<br />
xuTi wlis Semdeg? TxuTmetis? ormocdaaTis?<br />
samocdaaTis? oTxmocdaaTis? Tqveni winaswarmetyveleba,<br />
albaT, zogadisa da konkretulis<br />
rom migtyepon. samagierod, yuradRebas mainc<br />
miiqcev ramiT.<br />
is, rac me minda, rom gavakeTo, Cemi sakuTari<br />
skolis gaxsnaa. aTi wlis Semdeg Cems Tavs<br />
skolaSi vxedav, magram ara Cveulebriv saklaso<br />
oTaxSi, aramed skolaSi, romelSic ar iqneba<br />
asaxuli Cveni politikuri da ekonomikuri sistemis<br />
mankierebani. es sistema xom viRacaze upiratesobis<br />
mopovebas gulisxmobs.<br />
Cemi skola ubralod Tanasworuflebiani<br />
maswavleblebis skola iqneba _ TeTrkaniani,<br />
Savkaniani, laTino-amerikeli, Cineli, nebismieri,<br />
radgan es yvelaferi sulier aRzevebas<br />
da Tavisuflebas emsaxureba. araviTari komercia.<br />
fuliT SeiZleba iyido didi „mersedesi~<br />
da vila, magram Tu Seni suli daukmayofilebelia,<br />
Sen mainc ubeduri pirovneba xar.<br />
nazavs daefuZneba. bavSvi, albaT, namdvilad<br />
iswavlis enas, magram is SeiZleba iyos an ar<br />
iyos niWieri mwerali. Tqveni winaswarmetyveleba,<br />
aseve, SeiZleba Tandayolilisa da garemo<br />
pirobebis gaTvaliswinebas daefuZnos: Tu orive<br />
mSobeli niWieri mwerali iyo, Tqven SeiZleba<br />
ifiqroT, rom bavSvic, aseve, literaturuli<br />
niWiT iqneba dajildoebuli. bavSvs rom ganaTleba<br />
mdidrul garemocvaSi hqonoda miRebuli,<br />
Tqven SeiZleba gefiqraT, rom misi akademiuri<br />
moswreba gadaaWarbebda mSoblebisas. am TavSi<br />
Cven aRvwerT ganviTarebis fsiqologiis Teoriebs,<br />
romlebic saSualebas gvaZlevs, sistemurad<br />
gaviazroT, Tu ra tipis prognozis gakeTeba<br />
SegviZlia axalSobilis momavlis Sesaxeb.
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