(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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skinerma wamoiwyo kvleva, romelic miiyvanda<br />
mas am poziciis formulirebamde. 1924 wels<br />
gamosuli uotsonis wignis _ „biheviorizmis~<br />
_ wakiTxvis Semdeg skineri swavlas agrZelebs<br />
harvardSi. igi eTanxmeba uotsons Sinagani<br />
mdgomareobebisa da fsiqikuri movlenebis ararsebobaSi,<br />
Tumca, aqcents ufro metad akeTebs<br />
ara maTi, rogorc monacemebis, gamoyenebis<br />
SeuZleblobaze, aramed maT, rogorc qcevis<br />
gamomwvevi mizezebis ararsebobaze (Skinner, 1990).<br />
sxva sityvebiT, igi Tvlis, rom fsiqikuri<br />
movlenebi, rogorebicaa azrovneba da warmosaxva,<br />
ar iwveven qcevas, metic, isini, Tavis mxriv,<br />
ganixilebian, rogorc qcevis formebi, romlebic<br />
garemo stimuliTaa ganpirobebuli. magaliTad,<br />
vaSimSiloT mtredi 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi;<br />
movaTavsoT mowyobilobaSi, sadac mas SeuZlia,<br />
niskartis patara diskze dakakunebiT moipovos<br />
sakvebi. aRmovaCenT, rom is swored ase akeTebs.<br />
skineri am SemTxvevaSi daasabuTebda, rom mtredis<br />
qceva ganpirobebulia garemo movlenebiT –<br />
SimSiliT da sakvebis, rogorc ganmamtkiceblis,<br />
gamoyenebiT. SimSilis subieqturi gancda,<br />
romlis pirdapir Seswavla an gazomva ar<br />
SeiZleba, ar aris am qcevis mizezi, es qceva<br />
mxolod deprivaciis Sedegia. amitom arafris<br />
mTqmelia imis daskvna, rom mtredma SimSilis<br />
an sakvebis mopovebis surviliT daiwyo diskze<br />
kakuni. imisaTvis, rom avxsnaT, ras akeTebs sinamdvileSi<br />
mtredi, ar aris saWiro misi Sinagani<br />
fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis garkveva. saWiroa,<br />
ubralod, gavecnoT daswavlis martiv principebs,<br />
romlebic saSualebas aZlevs mtreds, asociacia<br />
daamyaros qcevasa da jildos Soris.<br />
esaa skineris biheviorizmis sakvanZo wertili<br />
(Delprato & Midgley, 1992).<br />
swored es Sexeduleba daedo safuZvlad<br />
bihevioralur analizs, fsiqologiis im sferos,<br />
romelic aqcents daswavlisa da qcevis garemo<br />
determinantebis aRmoCenaze akeTebs (Grant Evans,<br />
1994). sazogadod, bihevioraluri analizi<br />
cdilobs imis damtkicebas, rom adamianuri<br />
buneba SeiZleba sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis<br />
bihevioraluri analizi (Behavioral Analysis) - fsiqologiis<br />
ganxra, romelic yuradRebas daswavlisa<br />
da qcevis garemo determinantebze amaxvilebs.<br />
meTodebisa da sferos gafarToebiT SeviswavloT.<br />
amocana isaa, rom aRmoaCinon universaluri<br />
kanonzomierebebi, romlebic saerToa cxovelTa<br />
yvela saxeobisaTvis, adamianebis CaTvliT.<br />
mkvlevrebi askvnian, rom daswavlis procesi<br />
yvela saxeobaSi gvxvdeba, ra Tqma unda, sxvadasxva<br />
formiT, magram SenarCunebuli ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebiT.<br />
amitom kvlevebi cxovelebze<br />
xSirad xvdeboda kritikis qarcecxlSi. daswavlis<br />
kompleqsuri formebi martivi procesebis<br />
kombinacias warmoadgenen. bihevioraluri analizi<br />
cdilobs aRmoaCinos is ZiriTadi principebi,<br />
romelTa mixedviT adamianis qceva icvleba<br />
gamocdilebis Sesabamisad. ZiriTadi aqcenti<br />
ki qcevasa da garemo movlenebs Soris<br />
kavSirze keTdeba da ara _ qcevasa da fsiqikur<br />
movlenebs Soris kavSirze.<br />
Sejameba<br />
daswavla aris procesi, romelic SedarebiT<br />
mdgradi qcevis an qceviTi potencialis cvlilebidan<br />
momdinareobs da gamocdilebas emyareba.<br />
qceviTi analizi amodis uotsonisa da skineris<br />
Teoriebidan da yuradRebas amaxvilebs daswavlisa<br />
da qcevis garemo determinantebze.<br />
klasikuri ganpirobebuloba<br />
warmoidgineT, rom kinoSi xarT da saSinelebaTa<br />
films uyurebT. filmis gmiri daxurul<br />
kars uaxlovdeba, musika iZabeba, Tqven ki giCndebaT<br />
survili, iyviroT „ar Sexvide!~ amasobaSi<br />
aRmoaCenT, rom guliscema aCqarebuli gaqvT, SeiZleba<br />
gaiofloT kidec, magram ratom? raRacnairad<br />
Tqvenma sxeulma iswavla fiziologiuri<br />
reaqciis warmoSoba (guliscema), rodesac erTi<br />
garemo movlena dakavSirebulia meoresTan (da-<br />
Zabuli musika saSiS vizualur efeqtTan). am<br />
tipis daswavla cnobilia, rogorc klasikuri<br />
ganpirobebuloba, daswavlis ZiriTadi forma,<br />
romelSic erTi stimuli an movlena gvamcnobs,<br />
winaswarmetyvelebs sxva stimulis an movlenis<br />
gamovlenas. organizmi swavlobs axal asociacias<br />
or stimuls Soris – pirvelsa, romelic adre<br />
ar iwvevda reaqcias, da meores Soris, romelmac<br />
klasikuri ganpirobebuloba<br />
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