(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 10 / inteleqti da inteleqtis Sefaseba<br />
394<br />
umciresobaTa jgufebma dabali qulebi miiRes,<br />
ar aZlevs maT garkveul samuSaoebis Sesrulebis<br />
uflebas. zogierT qalaqSi saxelmwifo samoqalaqo<br />
samsaxurSi damlageblad muSaobis<br />
dasawyebad, msurvelma unda gaiaros verbaluri<br />
testi da ara _ ufro adekvaturi fizikuri<br />
unarebis testi. mkvlevar uiliam benksis (William<br />
Banks) mixedviT, am strategiis mizani sxvadasxva<br />
umciresobebis samuSaoebze ardaSvebaa<br />
(1990). zogjer umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebi<br />
testSi cud Sedegebs iZleodnen, radgan maTi<br />
Sedegebi arasaTanado normebis mixedviT fasdeboda.<br />
garda amisa, erTi jgufis kandidatebisaTvis<br />
SemTxveviT dadgenili gamsvleli<br />
qulebi SeiZleba sxvebis mimarT iqnes gamoyenebuli<br />
SerCevis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas<br />
maSin, rodesac realurad ufro dabali<br />
gamsvleli qula iqneboda samarTliani da, Sesabamisad,<br />
samuSaoze daqiravebasTan dakavSirebiT<br />
miRebuli gadawyvetileba swori iqneboda. aRsaniSnavia<br />
isic, rom testirebaze gadaWarbebuli<br />
dayrdnoba kadrebis avtomatur SerCevas<br />
ganapirobebs, Tumca, zogjer sazogadoeba SeiZleba<br />
ufro mogebuli darCes, Tu samuSaos<br />
aRwerilobebi adamianTa moTxovnilebebisa da<br />
unarebis gaTvaliswinebiT modificirdeba.<br />
meore eTikur sakiTxs warmoadgens is, rom<br />
testireba ara mxolod studentebis Sefasebas<br />
axdens, aramed ganaTlebis formirebaSic<br />
garkveul rols asrulebs. saskolo sistemis<br />
xarisxsa da maswavlebelTa efeqturobaze xSirad<br />
msjeloben imaze dayrdnobiT, Tu ramdenad<br />
warmatebiT asruleben maTi moswavleebi miRwevis<br />
standartul testebs. TviT maswavlebelTa<br />
xelfasebic ki SeiZleba damokidebuli iyos<br />
testebis Sedegebze, ramac skolebSi xeli Seuwyo<br />
TaRliTobasTan dakavSirebul skandalebs.<br />
magaliTad potomakSi (Potomac, Maryland) dawyebiTi<br />
skolis direqtori gadadga, rodesac gamoaSkaravda<br />
mtkicebulebebi imis Sesaxeb, rom testis<br />
Sedegebis gaumjobesebis mizniT skolis mexuTeklaselebma<br />
iseTi saxis daxmareba miiRes, rogoricaa<br />
damatebiTi dro da testis xelmeored<br />
Sesruleba (Thomas & Wingert, 2000). es faqtebi<br />
TviTon moswavleebma gamoavlines, romelTac<br />
mSoblebs uTxres, rom skolaSi maT TaRliTuri<br />
qcevis ganxorcieleba sTxoves. bavSvebi gaocebulni<br />
iyvnen ufrosebis qceviT da mSoblebs<br />
maTi qcevis axsnas sTxovdnen. bavSvebis amgvari<br />
damokidebuleba miuTiTebs imaze, Tu ramdenad<br />
saSiSi SeiZleba iyos, rodesac testis Sedegebi<br />
ganaTlebaze ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba.<br />
mesame eTikuri problema isaa, rom testis<br />
Sedegebi SeiZleba Seucvlel iarliyad iqces.<br />
adamianebi sakmaod xSirad aRiqvamen sakuTar<br />
Tavs 110-is toli IQ-is mqone individebad, an B<br />
qulis mimReb studentebad, TiTqos es maCveneblebi,<br />
an qulebi maT Sublze aweriaT. amgvari<br />
iarliyebi SeiZleba maTi winsvlis damabrkoleblad<br />
iqces, radgan adamianebi ijereben, rom<br />
maTi gonebrivi da pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi<br />
fiqsirebuli da ucvlelia; rom maT ar SeuZliaT<br />
sakuTari SesaZleblobebis gaumjobeseba;<br />
testSi miRebulma dabalma qulebma SeiZleba<br />
uaryofiTad imoqmedos maT motivaciaze da<br />
Seasustos TviTefeqturobis gancda. garkveuli<br />
jgufebis arasrulfasovnad miCneva IQ monacemebis<br />
mixdeviT testirebis kidev erTi uaryofiTi<br />
Sedegia. isini, vinc ase sajarod arian `daRdasmulebi~,<br />
ijereben imas, rasac `eqspertebi~<br />
amboben maT Sesaxeb. amitom skola da ganaTleba<br />
ar miaCniaT maTi cxovrebis gaumjobesebis<br />
saSualebad.<br />
testebis Sedegebisadmi xelSeuxebeli statusis<br />
miniWebis aseTi tendencia vrceldeba<br />
rogorc sazogadoebriv, ise _ pirovnul doneze.<br />
rodesac testis Sedegebi individis pirovnuli<br />
Tvisebebis, mdgomareobebis, araadaptirebulobis,<br />
konfliqtisa da paTologiis iarliyad iqceva,<br />
adamianebi gansakuTrebuli bavSvebis `aranormalurobaze~<br />
ufro iwyeben fiqrs, vidre ganaTlebis<br />
sistemaze, romelic saWiroebs programebis<br />
imgvar modificirebas, rom TiToeul moswavleze<br />
morgebuli iyos. iarliyebs wina planze devianturi<br />
pirovnenebi ufro gamoyavs, vidre maTi<br />
garemos disfunqciuri aspeqtebi. iseT individualistur<br />
sazogadoebebSi, rogoric, magaliTad,<br />
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebia, adamianebis<br />
umravlesoba mzad aris adamianis warmateba<br />
da warumatebloba arasworad miaweros mas da,<br />
amave dros, saTanadod ar Seafasos garemo<br />
pirobebis zegavlena. Cven vkicxavT adamians<br />
warumateblobisaTvis da amiT sazogadoebis<br />
danaSauls vamsubuqebT. Cven vaqebT pirovnebas<br />
warmatebisaTvis da amitomac ar vaRiarebT<br />
sxvadasxva sazogadoebriv gavlenas, romelmac<br />
SesaZlebeli gaxada misi warmateba. Cven unda<br />
vaRiaroT, Tu rogorebi arian adamianebi amJamad,
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