(natia) ZIMBARDO

Tavi 10 / inteleqti da inteleqtis Sefaseba
390
mravalricxovani genetikuri komponenti aCvena.
Tumca, IQ-is gazomvas xSirad politikuri elferi
dakravs, IQ-is mixedviT miRebuli rasobrivi
gansxvavebebis gamo. mkvlevrebma daadgines
garemos faqtorebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan
gavlenas axdenen IQ-ze. miuxedavad imisa,
rom IQ-s sakmaod validurad SeuZlia iseTi
cxovrebiseuli Sedegebis prognozireba, rogoricaa
warmatebebi skolasa da samsaxurSi, misi
gazomvebi SeiZleba aravaliduri iyos sxvadasxva
rasobrivi da kulturuli jgufebis SemTxveva-
Si. magaliTad, zogierTi jgufi inteleqtualuri
SesaZleblobebis gazomvisas stereotipuli
muqaris zemoqmedebas ganicdis.
SemoqmedebiToba
sanam inteleqtisa da misi gazomvis Temas
davasrulebT, mivubrundeT iseT sakiTxs,
rogoricaa kreatuloba, anu SemoqmedebiToba.
kreatuloba aris iseTi ideebis generirebisa
da produqtebis Seqmnis unari, romlebic axali
da aqtualuria mocemul pirobebSi (Sternbeg &
Lubart, 1999). ganvixiloT borblis gamogonebis
magaliTi. es meqanizmi axali iyo, radgan ucnob
gamomgoneblamde aravis unaxavs, Tu ra sargeblis
miReba SeiZleboda gagorebuli sagnebisgan. es
gamogoneba pirobebis adekvaturi iyo, radgan
Zalze cxadi iyo misi gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba.
pirobebTan Sesatyvisobis gareSe, axali ideebi
xSirad ucnaurad da uadgilod aRiqmeba.
kreatulobas gonebrivi SesaZleblobebisadmi
miZRvnil TavSi ganvixilavT, vinaidan bevri
adamiani aRiarebs inteleqtsa da kreatulobas
Soris mWidro kavSiris arsebobas. am varaudis
dasamtkiceblad, upirveles yovlisa, SemoqmedebiTi
unarebis Sefaseba unda SegveZlos, xolo
Semdeg _ kreatulobasa da inteleqts Soris
kavSiris dadgena. amrigad, jer ganvixilavT
meTodebs, romelTa saSualebiT ideebi an pro-
kreatuloba (Creativity) – iseTi ideebis generirebisa
da produqtebis Seqmnis unari, romlebic
axali da aqtualuria mocemul pirobebSi.
divergentuli azrovneba (Divergent thinking) _
duqtebi fasdeba, rogorc SemoqmedebiTi da
SevamowmebT inteleqtTan maT kavSirs, Semdeg
ganvixilavT gansakuTrebuli (an uCveulo)
kreatulobis pirobebs da maT kavSirs SeSlilobasTan.
vnaxavT, ra SeiZleba viswavloT
gansakuTrebuli SemoqmedebiTi unarebiT dajildoebuli
adamianebisagan.
kreatulobis Sefaseba da
kavSiri inteleqtTan
rogor SeiZleba imis gansazRvra, adamianebi
(SedarebiT) kreatulebi arian Tu ara? bevri
midgoma divergentul azrovnebaze fokusirdeba,
romelic ganisazRvreba, rogorc problemis
sxvadasxvagvari uCveulo gadawyvetis unari.
kiTxvebi, romelebic zomaven divergentul
azrovnebas, saSualebas aZleven testis
Semsrulebels naTlad gamoavlinos sxarti da
moqnili azrovneba (Torrance, 1974; Wallah & Kogan,
1965):
daasaxeleT yvela sagani, romelic, Tqveni
azriT, oTxkuTxedia;
sami wuTis ganmavlobaSi daasaxeleT rac
SeiZleba meti TeTri feris, saWmelad vargisi
sagnebi;
daasaxeleT aguris gamoyenebis yvela
SesaZlo varianti, rac TavSi azrad mogivaT.
pasuxebi fasdeba iseTi ganzomilebebis mixedviT,
rogoricaa (1) sisxarte _ gansxvavebuli
ideebis saerTo raodenoba; (2) unikaluroba _
im ideebis raodenoba, romelic Sesabamis
SerCevaSi aravis gamouTqvams da (3) uCveuloba
_ im ideebis raodenoba, romelic gamoTqva
mocemuli SerCevis, vTqvaT, 5%-ze naklebma
(Runco,1991).
rodesac kreatulobas am gziT afaseben,
SesaZlebelia miRebuli maCveneblis Sedareba
sxva sazomebTan da maT Soris kavSiris dadgena.
xSirad mkvlevrebi afasebdnen kavSirs divergentuli
azrovnebis sazomebsa da IQ-s Soris.
saxezea zogadi suraTi: or sazoms Soris arsebobs
susti an zomieri korelacia, rodesac
IQ aris 120 qulamde, 120 qulaze zemoT ki
korelacia mcirdeba (Sternberg & O’Hara, 1999).
ratom unda xdebodes ase? erT-erTi mkvlevari
fiqrobs rom `inteleqtis~ garkveuli done