(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 10 / inteleqti da inteleqtis Sefaseba<br />
388<br />
urobaa, romelic mimarTulia sxvadasxva<br />
kulturis wevrebis winaaRmdeg, an sasargeblod.<br />
kritikosebi aRniSnaven, rom jgufebs Soris<br />
gansxvavebebs IQ qulebSi iwvevs sistematuri<br />
mikerZoeba testis kiTxvebSi, rac maT aravalidursa<br />
da usamarTlos xdis umciresobebTan<br />
mimarTebaSi. maSinac ki, rodesac testebis<br />
Sedgenisas gaTvaliswinebulia kulturuli<br />
faqtori, masSi mainc gvxvdeba rasobrivi<br />
xarvezebi (Neisser et al., 1996). faqtobrivad, es<br />
sakiTxi SeiZleba testis konteqsts ufro<br />
ukavSirdebodes, vidre testis Sinaarss. klaud<br />
stili (Claude Steel, 1997; Steel & Aronson, 1995, 1998)<br />
aRniSnavda, rom adamianebis mier unarebis<br />
testebis Sesrulebaze gavlenas axdens stereotipuli<br />
muqara (cnobili, agreTve, stereotipuli<br />
mowyvladobis saxelwodebiT) _ safrTxe<br />
imisa, rom SeiZleba dadasturdes negatiuri<br />
stereotipi garkveuli jgufis Sesaxeb. klaud<br />
stilis gamokvlevebis mixedviT, imis rwmenam,<br />
rom situaciaSi moqmedebs uaryofiTi stereotipi,<br />
SeiZleba gamoiwvios im cudi maCveneblis<br />
miReba, romelic stereotipSi moiazreboda.<br />
saidan<br />
viciT<br />
stereotipuli muqaris moqmedeba<br />
erT-erT kvlevaSi gamosaSvebi kursis<br />
Savkaniani da TeTrkaniani studentebi<br />
cdilobdnen epasuxaT magistraturaSi<br />
misaReb standartul testSi Semavali<br />
kiTxvebis msgavsi Zalze rTuli kiTxvebisTvis,<br />
romlebic enis kargad codnas<br />
moiTxovda. studentebis naxevars uTxres,<br />
rom am kiTxvebze gacemuli pasuxebis<br />
mixedviT imsjelebdnen maTi inteleqtualuri<br />
unarebis Sesaxeb, meore naxevarma<br />
ki icoda, rom am eqsperimentiT amocanis<br />
gadaWris procesSi CarTul fsiqologiur<br />
faqtorebs ikvlevdnen. stereotipuli<br />
muqaris Teoriis mixedviT, SedarebiT<br />
dabali Sedegebi unda hqonodaT im studentebs,<br />
romelTac situaciam Seuqmna<br />
stereotipuli muqara, anu pirveli jgufis<br />
(maT icodnen, rom fasdeboda inteleqtualuri<br />
SesaZleblobebi) Savkanian<br />
studentebs. rogorc 10.7 suraTis A nawilze<br />
xedavT, miRebulma Sedegebma es prognozi<br />
daadastura. rodesac Savkaniani studentebi<br />
darwmunebulni iyvnen, rom testSi miRebuli<br />
qulebis mixedviT vinmes maTi inteleqtis<br />
Sesaxeb SeeZlo emsjela, isini davalebebs<br />
uaresad asrulebdnen (Steel &<br />
Aronson, 1995). stereotipuli muqariT<br />
gamowveuli logika muSaobs nebismier<br />
jgufSi, romlis mimarTac arsebobs arasrulfasovnebis<br />
stereotipi. magaliTad,<br />
stereotipis mixedviT, qalebs, mamakacebTan<br />
SedarebiT, maTematikis aTvisebis naklebi<br />
unari aqvT. rogorc 10.7 suraTis B nawilze<br />
Cans, rTulma maTematikurma testma sqesis<br />
mixedviT gansxvavebuli Sedegebi mxolod<br />
maSin aCvena, rodesac studentebs eubnebodnen,<br />
rom aseTi gansxvavebebi SeiZleba<br />
yofiliyo (Steel, 1997), anu testze muSaobis<br />
dawyebamde. rodesac studentebi acnobierebdnen<br />
TavianT sqesobriv ganxvavebulobas,<br />
studentebs eubnebodnen, rom<br />
warsulSi aseTma testma aCvena sqesis<br />
mixedviT gansxvaveba. swored igive moxda<br />
am studentebis SemTxvevaSic.<br />
yuradReba miaqcieT, rom TiToeul am kvlevaSi<br />
mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor afasebs situacias<br />
testis Semsrulebeli. mxolod im SemTxvevaSi,<br />
rodesac adamianebs sjeraT, rom situacia exeba<br />
stereotips, magaliTad, rodesac miaCniaT, rom<br />
inteleqtis am testiT maTi stereotipulad<br />
cudi Sedegebi gamovlindeba, maT mier davalebebis<br />
Sesruleba uaresdeba. SesaZlebelia Tu<br />
ara IQ-is gazomva stereotipuli muqaris aRmocenebis<br />
gareSe? Tu es SeuZlebelia, mkvlevrebi<br />
verasodes SeZleben inteleqtualuri unarebis<br />
adekvaturad Sefasebas.<br />
dabolos, kidev erTi mosazreba inteleqtisa<br />
da kulturis Sesaxeb. zogadad, aSS-is kultura<br />
individualuri gansxvavebebis axsnisas<br />
tendenciuria da am gansxvavebebis genetikuri<br />
faqtoriT axsnisken ixreba. harold stivensonma<br />
da misma kolegebma (Harold Stevenson, 1993)<br />
ramdenime weli dauTmes Cineli, iaponeli da<br />
stereotipuli muqara (Stereotype threat) _ safrTxe<br />
imisa, rom SeiZleba dadasturdes negatiuri<br />
stereotipi garkveuli jgufis Sesaxeb.
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