(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 7 / daswavla da qceviTi analizi<br />
226<br />
niSnavia, rom stabiluri cvlileba araa yovel-<br />
Tvis mudmivi cvlileba. magaliTad, SeiZleba<br />
gavxdeT badros sakmaod kargi mtyorcneli mocemuli<br />
droisaTvis, magram Tuki Tavs davanebebT<br />
am sports, gansazRvruli drois Semdeg SevniSnavT,<br />
rom ise kargad veRar vflobT mas, Tumca,<br />
xelaxla swavlis SemTxvevaSi igrZnoba is siadvile,<br />
romliTac daswavla xdeba, TiTqos codnis<br />
raRac nawili Senaxulia warsuli gamocdilebis<br />
Sedegad. am konteqstSi cvlileba SeiZleba<br />
mudmivi iyos.<br />
gamocdilebaze dafuZnebuli procesi<br />
daswavla mxolod gamocdilebiT SeiZleba.<br />
gamocdileba gulisxmobs informaciis miRebas<br />
(Sefasebas da transformacias) da reagirebas,<br />
rac gavlenas axdens garemoze. daswavla Sedgeba<br />
mexsierebis gakveTilebis Sedegad aRmocenebuli<br />
sapasuxo reaqciisagan. naswavli qceva ar gulisxmobs<br />
cvlilebas fizikuri momwifebis an tvinis<br />
ganviTarebis SemTxvevaSi, organizmis asakis matebasTan<br />
erTad, agreTve, avadmyofobis an tvinis<br />
dazianebis dros. zogierT xangrZliv cvlilebas<br />
qcevaSi sWirdeba gamocdilebisa da momwifebis,<br />
mzadyofnis kombinacia. magaliTad, warmovidginoT<br />
skala, romelzec asaxulia, ra asakSi<br />
iwyebs bavSvi tualetis damoukideblad gamoyenebas.<br />
yovelgvari cda am Cvevis daswavlisa im<br />
asakamde, romelSic kanonzomieria am unaris<br />
SemuSaveba, anu sanam bavSvi sakmarisad ar ganvi-<br />
Tardeba, amao iqneba. fsiqologebi gansakuTrebiT<br />
dainteresebulebi arian imiT, Tu qcevis ra<br />
aspeqtebi SeiZleba Seicvalos da ra meqanizmebiT<br />
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes es cvlilebebi.<br />
biheviorizmi da bihevioraluri<br />
analizi<br />
Tanamedrove fsiqologiaSi daswavlis Teoriebis<br />
didi nawili saTaves jon uotsonis<br />
(John Watson, 1878 -1958) Sromebidan iRebs. uotsonma<br />
daaarsa fsiqologiuri skola, romelic cno-<br />
daswavla (Learning) - gamocdilebaze damyarebuli<br />
procesi, romlis drosac SedarebiT mudmivad<br />
icvleba qceva an qceviTi potenciali.<br />
daswavla-gamovlenis gansxvaveba (Learning-Performance<br />
distinction) - gansxvaveba imisa, Tu ra iyo<br />
daswavlili da ra gamomJRavnda qcevaSi.<br />
bilia, rogorc biheviorizmi. daaxloebiT 50<br />
wlis manZilze amerikul fsiqologiaSi dominirebda<br />
bihevioristuli tradiciebi, romlebic<br />
gamoxatuli iyo uotsonis mier 1919 wels gamosul<br />
wignSi _ „fsiqologia bihevioristis<br />
gadmosaxedidan~. igi amtkicebda, rom introspeqcia<br />
– adamianebis verbaluri moxsenebebi maTi<br />
gancdebis, xatebisa da SegrZnebebis Sesaxeb, ar<br />
iyo misaRebi saSualeba qcevis Sesaswavlad,<br />
rogorc zedmetad subieqturi meTodi. rogor<br />
unda ganesazRvraT mecnierebs aseTi TviTdakvirvebebis<br />
sizuste? magram Tuki introspeqcia<br />
uaryofilia, raRa iqneboda fsiqologiis sagani?<br />
uotsonis pasuxi am kiTxvaze iyo dakvirvebadi<br />
qceva. misi sityvebiT: „cnobierebis mdgomareobebi,<br />
egreT wodebuli spiritualizmis fenomeni,<br />
araa obieqturad gansazRvradi da am mizeziT<br />
verasodes gaxdeba monacemi mecnierebisaTvis~<br />
(Watson, 1919, gv. 1). uotsonma, aseve, gansazRvra<br />
fsiqologiis ZiriTadi mizani, rogorc „qcevis<br />
kontroli da prognozi~ (Watson, 1913, gv. 158).<br />
skinerma (B.F. Skinner, 1904-1990) ufro ganavrco<br />
uotsonis ideebi. misi pozicia cnobilia, rogorc<br />
radikaluri biheviorizmi. man aRiara, rom<br />
evoluciis Sedegad yoveli saxeoba aRWurvilia<br />
qcevaTa gansazRvruli paternebiT. Tavis yvelaze<br />
popularul wignSi _ „Tavisuflebisa da<br />
Rirsebis miRma~ (1972) _ igi amtkicebs, rom am<br />
paternebis miRma arsebuli yvela saxis qceva<br />
ganxilul unda iqnes, rogorc daswavlis martivi<br />
formebi.
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