(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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empiriuli literaturidan... viRebT<br />
rogorc karg, ise _ cud ambebs. cudi<br />
ambavi isaa, rom arc HHead Start-s da arc<br />
nebismier sxva skolamdel programas ar<br />
SeuZlia bavSvebis dacva siRatakis damangreveli<br />
zemoqmedebisagan. adreul intervencias<br />
ubralod ar SeuZlia cxovrebis<br />
cudi pirobebis, aradamakmayifolebeli<br />
kvebisa da jandacvis, uaryofiTi roluri<br />
modelebisa da dabali donis skolebis<br />
daZleva. dadebiTi mxare ki isaa, rom programebs<br />
SeuZlia bavSvebis momzadeba<br />
skolisaTvis da, Sesabamisad, amiT exmareba<br />
maT daZlevisa da adaptaciis unarebis<br />
ganviTarebaSi, rac SesaZleblobas miscems<br />
maT, cxovrebaSi miaRwion saukeTesos<br />
Tu ara, ukeTes Sedegebs mainc<br />
(Zigler&Styfco,1994, gv.129).<br />
Tu Cven gamoviyenebT inteleqtis ufro farTo<br />
gansazRvrebas, romelic scildeba ubralod<br />
verbalur da araverbalur davalebebs inteleqtis<br />
testebSi, garemo faqtorebis gavlena<br />
ufro naTeli gaxdeba. xelsayreli, mxardamWeri<br />
garemo mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs warmatebebs<br />
inteleqtualur, saskolo miRwevebsa da situaciur<br />
adaptaciaSi.<br />
kultura da IQ testebis<br />
validoba<br />
adamianebi, albaT, naklebad izrunebdnen IQ<br />
qulebze, rom ar iTvaliwinebdnen Semdeg sasargeblo<br />
prognozs: mravalricxovanma kvlevebma<br />
aCvena, rom IQ qulebs sakmaod validurad<br />
SeuZliaT iseTi sakiTxebis prognozireba, rogoricaa<br />
saskolo niSnebi, profesiuli statusi<br />
da sakuTari Tavis warmoCenis xarisxi<br />
mraval sxvadasxva samuSaoze (Brody, 1997b;<br />
Gottfredson, 1997b). am Sedegebidan gamomdinare, IQ<br />
testebi validurad zomavs inteleqtualur<br />
SesaZleblobebs, romlebic Zalian mniSvnelovania<br />
individis mier sxvadasxva saxis warmatebis<br />
miRwevisTvis; es ki, Tavis mxriv, metad<br />
Rirebulia dasavluri kulturebisaTvis _ IQis<br />
saSualebiT gazomili inteleqti uSualo<br />
gavlenas axdens warmatebaze. gansxvavebebma IQ-<br />
Si, aseve, SeiZleba imoqmedos akademiur moswrebasa<br />
da samuSaos Sesrulebis xarisxze<br />
arapirdapiri gziT, Secvalos ra individis<br />
motivebi da rwmenebi. isini, visac maRali IQ<br />
aqvT, ufro metad mosalodnelia, rom warmatebulni<br />
iyvnen skolaSi, gaxdnen swavlisadmi<br />
ufro motivirebulni, orientirebulni miRwevaze<br />
da optimisturad uyuron sakuTar SesaZleblobebs,<br />
rom Tavs gaarTmeven nebismier siZneles.<br />
aseve, bavSvebs, romelTac dabali IQ aqvT,<br />
SeiZleba `Tan sdevdes~ dabali donis skolebi<br />
da programebi, ramac, SeiZleba, garkveulwilad,<br />
imoqmedos maT TviTdarwmunebulobaze studentobis<br />
periodSic ki. amgvarad, IQ-ma SeiZleba<br />
ganicados garemos gavlena, magram, amave dros,<br />
IQ-s, Tavis mxriv, SeuZlia axali garemo pirobebis<br />
_ rogorc ukeTesis, ise uaresis _ Seqmna.<br />
amgvarad, IQ-Sefaseba SeiZleba sabediswero<br />
gaxdes bavSvisaTvis da gansazRvros misi bedi<br />
inteleqtSi bavSvis ZiriTadi genetikuri unarebis<br />
wvlilis miuxedavad.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom dadasturda IQ testebis<br />
validoba maTi ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT gamoyenebisaTvis,<br />
bevri damkvirvebeli jer kidev<br />
eWvqveS ayenebs maT validobas sxvadasxva<br />
kulturuli da rasobrivi jgufebis Sedarebisas<br />
(Greenfield, 1997; Samuda, 1998; Serpell, 2000). testebis<br />
da testirebis mravali forma SeiZleba ar<br />
Tanxvdebodes inteleqtis kulturul gagebas,<br />
an saTanado qcevas. ganvixiloT klasSi uaryofiTi<br />
Sefasebis erTi magaliTi:<br />
rodesac laTinoamerikeli warmoSobis<br />
emigranti mSoblebis bavSvebi amerikul<br />
skolaSi wavidnen, isini gagebaze ufro<br />
metad iyvnen orientirebulni, vidre _<br />
laparakze; maswavleblis avtoritetis<br />
pativiscemaze, vidre _ sakuTari azrebis<br />
gamoxatvaze, rasac maTi uaryofiTi akademiuri<br />
Sefaseba mohyva. maSasadame, erT<br />
kulturaSi Rirebuli komunikaciis forma<br />
_ pativiscemiT mosmena _ gaxda uaryofiTi<br />
Sefasebis safuZveli iseTi skolis<br />
pirobebSi, sadac TviTdajerebuli,<br />
mtkice laparaki komunikaciis Rirebul<br />
formad aris miCneuli.<br />
am emigrantma bavSvebma unda iswavlon, Tu<br />
rogor moiqcnen amerikul skolaSi ise, rom<br />
daarwmunon maswavleblebi TavianT gonierebaSi.<br />
erT-erTi standartuli piroba imisa, rom IQ<br />
testebs sifrTxiliT ekidebian, maTi tendenci-<br />
inteleqtis politika<br />
387
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