(natia) ZIMBARDO

Tavi 10 / inteleqti da inteleqtis Sefaseba
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suraTi 10.6
naSvilebi bavSvebis IQ qulebi
saSualo klasis TeTrkaniani ojaxebis mier naSvileb
Savkanian da Sereuli rasis bavSvebs hqondaT
saSualoze maRali IQ, radgan bavSvebi arian
im jgufebis wevrebi, romlebisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia
saSualoze dabali Sedegebi. miRebuli monacemebi
aCveneben garemo pirobebis gavlenas IQze.
saidan
viciT
garemos gavlena IQ-ze
mkvlevrebi swavlobdnen bavSvebis or
jgufs, romlebic naSvilebi iyvnen 2 wlis
asakSi saSualo klasis TeTrkaniani mSoblebis
mier (Moore, 1986). erTi jgufis
bavSvebis (9 bavSvi) orive biologiuri
mSobeli Savkaniani iyo, xolo meore jgufis
bavSvebs (14 bavSvi) erTi biologiuri
mSobeli Savkaniani hyavdaT, meore ki _
TeTrkaniani. 7-dan 10 wlamde asakSi
veqsleris inteleqtis skalis gamoyenebiT
afasebdnen TiToeuli bavSvis IQ-s.
im bavSvebis saSualo IQ, romlebsac
orive mSobeli Savkaniani hyavdaT, 108.7
iyo, xolo Sereuli bavSvebis IQ _ 107.2.
rogorc naCvenebia 10.6 suraTze, es maCveneblebi
saSualoze maRalia afrikeli amerikelebisaTvis
(Lynn,1996).
unda aRiniSnos, rom individualur gansxvavebas
qmnis ara rasa, aramed ekonomikuri, janmrTelobis
da ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofis
resursebi, romelic, rogorc Cven sazogadoebaSi,
ise bevr sxva qveyanaSi, dakavSirebulia rasobriv
mikuTvnebulobasTan.
praqtikulad, ukanaskneli 30 wlis ganmavlobaSi
mkvlevrebi am Sedegis saxelmwifoebriv
doneze ganzogadebas cdiloben. programa `Head
Start~ federalurma mTavrobam pirvelad 1965 wels
daafinansa. is gankuTvnili iyo `mcire SesaZleblobebis
mqone ojaxebis bavSvebis fizikuri
janmrTelobis, ganviTarebis, socialuri,
saganmanaTleblo da emociuri mdgomareobis
gasaumjobeseblad; garda amisa, specialuri
mxardamWeri samsaxurebis saSualebiT zrdida
ojaxebis SesaZleblobas, ezrunaT sakuTar
Svilebze~ (Kassebaum, 1994, gv. 123). Head Start programis
arsi iyo ara bavSvebis gadayvana privilegirebul
pirobebSi, aramed im pirobebis gaumjobeseba,
romelSic isini daibadnen da izrdebodnen.
aRniSnuli programis mixedviT, bavSvebi
iReben specialur skolamdel ganaTlebas,
yoveldRe normalurad ikvebebian, maTi mSoblebi
iReben janmrTelobasTan da bavSvis aRzrdasTan
dakavSirebul rCevebs. am programis efeqturobis
pirveli Sefasebebi fokusirebuli iyo inteleqtis
testebis da miRwevis sxva sazomebis mixedviT
miRebuli Sedegebis gaumjobesebaze. faqtobrivad,
programaSi CarTvidan sul ramdenime
kviris Semdeg bavSvebis IQ 10 quliT gaizarda.
samwuxarod, programis datovebis Semdeg, maTi
IQ maCveneblebi isev mcirdeboda (Barnett, 1998;
Zigler&Muenchow, 1992; Zigler&Styfco, 1994). am
modelidan SesaZlebelia ori daskvnis gamotana:
IQ-ze SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos garemom, magram
xelsayreli garemo pirobebi unda iyos xangrZlivi.
nebismier SemTxvevaSi, Head Start programis
SedarebiT gviandelma Sefasebebma
gadalaxa Tavdapirveli viwro interesi mxolod
IQ-is mimarT.