(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO (natia) ZIMBARDO
Tavi 10 / inteleqti da inteleqtis Sefaseba 384 Seesatyviseba sazogadoebrivi Sexeduleba biologiur realobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi arsebobs seriozuli safrTxe, rom sxvadasxva sazogadoebrivad gamijnuli jgufebis gansxvavebebi IQ-is mixedviT ganxilul iqnes, rogorc biologiuri faqtorebiT ganpirobebuli gansxvavebebi (Suzuki & Valencia, 1997). mkvlevrebma gamonaxes am Sexedulebis kvlevebis saSualebiT Semowmebis gzebi. eqsperimentSi monawileobdnen Savkaniani amerikelebi, romel- Tac TeTrkaniani amerikeli an evropeli mSoblebi hyavdaT. aSS-Si „Savi~ mosaxleobis 20-30% Sefasebulia, rogorc evropuli warmomavlobis mqone, rac Sereuli qorwinebis Sedegia. qmnis Tu ara gansxvavebas IQ-Si is, Tu ramdenad aris datvirTuli evropuli geniT `Savi~ individi? im Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, romelic genebs yovelives qvekuTxedad miiCnevs, es cvlis viTarebas, Tumca, monacemebi gviCveneben, rom memkvidreobiT miRebul evropeiodulobasa da IQ-s Soris korelacia Zalze sustia (mravalricxovan kvlevebSi es maCvenebeli mxolod 0.15s Seadgens). es samarTliania yvela SemTxvevaSi, ganurCevlad imisa, Tu romeli maxasiaTebeli _ kanis feri Tu sisxlis jgufi _ gamoiyeneba rasobrivi aRrevis maCveneblad. im germaneli bavSvebis IQ maCveneblebis Sedarebam, romelTa mamebi Savkaniani da TeTrkaniani samxedroebi iyvnen, ar gamoavlina gansxvaveba maT Soris. amasTanave, `Savkaniani-TeTrkaniani~ kavSiris Sedegad gaCenil bavSvebs rva quliT maRali Sedegi hqondaT im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac deda iyo TeTrkaniani. am gansxvavebis savaraudo axsna isaa, rom deda ufro metad monawileobs bavSvis inteleqtualuri socializaciis procesSi, vidre mama da, cxadia, es gansxvaveba ar unda mieweros genetikur faqtors, radgan Svilis genetikuri monacemebi orive mSoblis genetikiTaa ganpirobebuli (Loehlin, 2000; Nisbert,1998). genetika mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs individis IQ-is formirebaSi, iseve rogorc mis bevr sxva maxasiaTebelsa da unarze. miuxedavad amisa, Cven vamtkicebT, rom rasobriv da eTnikur jgufebs Soris IQ-is mixedviT arsebuli gansxvavebebis memkvidreobiT axsna SeuZlebelia. is aucilebeli, magram arasakmarisi pirobaa amgvari maCveneblebis misaRebad. axla ganvixiloT, Tu ra rols SeiZleba asrulebdes ga- remo pirobebi IQ-is maCveneblebSi aseTi wyvetebis arsebobaSi. garemo da IQ vinaidan memkvidreobiTobis maCveneblebi 1.0ze naklebia, vaskvniT, rom nebismieri individis IQ-ze mxolod genetikuri memkvidreoba ar aris pasuxismgebeli. garemo IQ-zec unda axdendes gavlenas. rogor SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, garemos romeli aspeqtia IQ-sTvis mniSvnelovani? garemos romeli maxasiaTebeli moqmedebs IQ testSi maRali qulebis miRebis SesaZleblobaze (Beiser & Gotowiec, 2000; Ceci, 1999; Rowe, 1997; Suzuki & Valencia, 1997.)? garemo warmoadgens stimulTa rTul (kompleqsur) nakrebs, romelic icvleba mravali ganzomilebis mixedviT rogorc fizikuri, ise _ socialuri TvalsazrisiT da SeiZleba gansxvavebulad aRiqmebodes adamianebis mier. aucilebeli ar aris, rom erTi da igive ojaxis bavSvebi erTnair kritikul (arsebiTi mniSvnelobis mqone) fsiqologiur garemoSi imyofebodnen. gaixseneT, rogor izrdebodiT Tqven ojaxSi; Tu gyavT da-Zma, aqcevdnen Tu ara maT erTnair yuradRebas mSoblebi? icvleboda Tu ara stresuli pirobebi droTa ganmavlobaSi? Seicvala Tu ara Tqveni ojaxis finansuri SesaZleblobebi? an xom ar Seicvala Tqveni mSoblebis ojaxuri mdgomareoba? naTelia, rom garemo bevri komponentisgan Sedgeba da es komponentebi mudmivad urTierTqmedeben da icvlebian droTa ganmavlobaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, sakmaod rTulia fsiqologebisaTvis imis gansazRvra, Tu sinamdvileSi ra saxis garemo pirobebi _ zrunva, stresi, siRaribe, janmrTeloba, omi da a.S _ axdens gavlenas IQ-ze. umravles SemTxvevaSi mkvlevarTa yuradRebis centrSi iyo garemos ufro globaluri sazomebi, iseTebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, ojaxis socioekonomikuri statusi. erT-erT farTomasStabian longitudur kvlevaSi, romelSic 26 000-ze meti bavSvi Seiswavles, bavSvis IQ-is saukeTeso winaswarmetyveli 4 wlis asakSi ojaxis socioekonomikuri statusi da dedis ganaTlebis done iyo, rac erTnairad WeSmariti aRmoCnda afrikeli, amerikeli da kavkasieli bavSvebisaTvis (Broman et al., 1975). analogiurad, 10.5 suraTze naCvenebia socialuri klasis zogadi gavlena IQ-ze.
suraTi 10.5 memkvidreobas, garemosa da IQ-s Soris arsebuli urTierTdamokidebulebaa grafikze asaxulia memkvidreobisa da garemos wvlili IQ qulebSi. mamebs da vaJebs hqondaT erTnairi IQebi (memkvidreobiTobis gavlena), magram rogorc mamebis, ise vaJebis IQ dakavSirebuli iyo socialur klasTan (garemos gavlena). ratom moqmedebs socialuri klasi IQ-ze? simdidres, iseve rogorc siRatakes, SeuZlia inteleqtualur funqcionirebaze sxvadsxvagvari gavlenis moxdena. maTgan yvelaze aSkara janmrTelobis da ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofis pirobebia. orsulobis dros sustma janmrTelobam da dabadebisas mcire wonam SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad ganapirobos bavSvis daqveiTebuli inteleqti. Ratak ojaxebSi dabadebuli bavSvebi xSirad cudad ikvebebian, bevri maTgani skolaSi mSieri midis, amitom naklebad axerxebs davalebebze koncentracias. amasTanave, Raribi ojaxebi ganicdian wignebis, Jurnal-gazeTebis, kompiuterebis da sxva im nivTebis naklebobas, romlebic xels uwyoben adamianis gonebriv ganviTarebas. `orientacia gadarCenaze~ nakleb drosa da energias utovebs Rarib mSoblebs, gansakuTrebiT ki martoxelebs, rom iTamaSon bavSvebTan da moaxdinon maTi inteleqtualuri stimulacia, rac, Tavis mxriv, Zalze uaryofiTad moqmedebs bavSvebis mier iseTi davalebebis Sesrulebaze, rogoricaa standartuli IQ testebi. dabolos, gaWirvebaSi mcxovrebi adamianebi garkveul daRs atareben Cvens sazogadoebaSi iseve, rogorc msoflios umravles qveyanaSi, rasobrivad iseT homogenur sazogadoebaSic ki, rogoric iaponiaa. magaliTad, burakaminis _ am sazogadoebis yvelaze dabali kastis wevris _ IQ, sxva iaponelebTan SedarebiT, 15 quliT dabalia (Ogbu, 1987). im jgufis socialurma daRma, romelsac individi miekuTvneba, SeiZleba uaryofiTad imoqmedos mis TviTdarwmunebulobaze da araxelsayreli gavlena moaxdinos testis Sedegebsa da saskolo miRwevebze, amitom bavSvebis xelsayrel pirobebSi gazrdis Sem- TxvevaSi TvalsaCino unda iyos garemos uSualo gavlena IQ-ze. inteleqtis politika 385
- Page 125 and 126: pongis?~ Tu Tqven ar gaxsovT, SegiZ
- Page 127 and 128: suraTi 9.9 students sTxoves, daexat
- Page 129 and 130: Tumca, Cveni yoveldRiuri problemebi
- Page 131 and 132: da mizani, vidre cudad gansazRvruli
- Page 133 and 134: ki saWiroa yuradReba miaqcioT Tokis
- Page 135 and 136: suraTi 9.15 abstraqtuli da sagnobri
- Page 137 and 138: om moswavleebs analogiis mosaZebnad
- Page 139 and 140: fsiqologia XXI saukuneSi Tu odesme
- Page 141 and 142: daskvna. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRqm
- Page 143 and 144: warmatebul ierusalimel iurists, kol
- Page 145 and 146: aSi mocemul eqimTa ricxvi. pasuxebz
- Page 147 and 148: problema da naxeT, SecvliT Tu ara T
- Page 149 and 150: aseTi Sedegi SesaZlebelia im SemTxv
- Page 151 and 152: inteleqti inteleqti da da inteleqti
- Page 153 and 154: iwyeben. Cveni yuradRebis centrSi i
- Page 155 and 156: yeneba. imisaTvis, rom am principeb
- Page 157 and 158: vinaidan maT ar surdaT wasvla. im f
- Page 159 and 160: qulebi gamocdebTan dakavSirebuli Sf
- Page 161 and 162: × (Robert Yerkis), gamoexmaurnen o
- Page 163 and 164: cxrili 10.1 lebis xuTi subtesti moi
- Page 165 and 166: fsiqologia XXI saukuneSi inteleqtis
- Page 167 and 168: leqsikuri testi adgens semantikuri
- Page 169 and 170: vinaidan TiToeuli cxeni, mTeli rigi
- Page 171 and 172: pamelam xeli aiwia, igi adgilidan w
- Page 173 and 174: lobebi da kanondarRvevis SemTxveveb
- Page 175: aRwevs ufros mozrdilebTan! bevrs ga
- Page 179 and 180: empiriuli literaturidan... viRebT r
- Page 181 and 182: suraTi 10.7 stereotipuli muqara ste
- Page 183 and 184: suraTi 10.8 iZleva SemoqmedebiTobis
- Page 185 and 186: leba iswavlos man aqedan. Tqven Sei
- Page 187 and 188: ac imis Sedegia, Tu sad imyofebodne
- Page 189 and 190: adamianis adamianis ganviTareba gan
- Page 191 and 192: cxrili 11.1 ganviTarebis safexurebi
suraTi 10.5<br />
memkvidreobas, garemosa da IQ-s Soris<br />
arsebuli urTierTdamokidebulebaa<br />
grafikze asaxulia memkvidreobisa da garemos wvlili<br />
IQ qulebSi. mamebs da vaJebs hqondaT erTnairi IQebi<br />
(memkvidreobiTobis gavlena), magram rogorc<br />
mamebis, ise vaJebis IQ dakavSirebuli iyo socialur<br />
klasTan (garemos gavlena).<br />
ratom moqmedebs socialuri klasi IQ-ze?<br />
simdidres, iseve rogorc siRatakes, SeuZlia<br />
inteleqtualur funqcionirebaze sxvadsxvagvari<br />
gavlenis moxdena. maTgan yvelaze aSkara janmrTelobis<br />
da ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofis<br />
pirobebia. orsulobis dros sustma janmrTelobam<br />
da dabadebisas mcire wonam SeiZleba<br />
mniSvnelovnad ganapirobos bavSvis daqveiTebuli<br />
inteleqti. Ratak ojaxebSi dabadebuli bavSvebi<br />
xSirad cudad ikvebebian, bevri maTgani skolaSi<br />
mSieri midis, amitom naklebad axerxebs davalebebze<br />
koncentracias. amasTanave, Raribi<br />
ojaxebi ganicdian wignebis, Jurnal-gazeTebis,<br />
kompiuterebis da sxva im nivTebis naklebobas,<br />
romlebic xels uwyoben adamianis gonebriv<br />
ganviTarebas. `orientacia gadarCenaze~ nakleb<br />
drosa da energias utovebs Rarib mSoblebs,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ki martoxelebs, rom iTamaSon<br />
bavSvebTan da moaxdinon maTi inteleqtualuri<br />
stimulacia, rac, Tavis mxriv, Zalze uaryofiTad<br />
moqmedebs bavSvebis mier iseTi davalebebis<br />
Sesrulebaze, rogoricaa standartuli IQ<br />
testebi.<br />
dabolos, gaWirvebaSi mcxovrebi adamianebi<br />
garkveul daRs atareben Cvens sazogadoebaSi<br />
iseve, rogorc msoflios umravles qveyanaSi,<br />
rasobrivad iseT homogenur sazogadoebaSic ki,<br />
rogoric iaponiaa. magaliTad, burakaminis _ am<br />
sazogadoebis yvelaze dabali kastis wevris _<br />
IQ, sxva iaponelebTan SedarebiT, 15 quliT<br />
dabalia (Ogbu, 1987). im jgufis socialurma<br />
daRma, romelsac individi miekuTvneba, SeiZleba<br />
uaryofiTad imoqmedos mis TviTdarwmunebulobaze<br />
da araxelsayreli gavlena moaxdinos<br />
testis Sedegebsa da saskolo miRwevebze, amitom<br />
bavSvebis xelsayrel pirobebSi gazrdis Sem-<br />
TxvevaSi TvalsaCino unda iyos garemos uSualo<br />
gavlena IQ-ze.<br />
inteleqtis politika<br />
385
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