(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 10 / inteleqti da inteleqtis Sefaseba<br />
384<br />
Seesatyviseba sazogadoebrivi Sexeduleba<br />
biologiur realobas. aseT SemTxvevaSi arsebobs<br />
seriozuli safrTxe, rom sxvadasxva sazogadoebrivad<br />
gamijnuli jgufebis gansxvavebebi<br />
IQ-is mixedviT ganxilul iqnes, rogorc biologiuri<br />
faqtorebiT ganpirobebuli gansxvavebebi<br />
(Suzuki & Valencia, 1997).<br />
mkvlevrebma gamonaxes am Sexedulebis kvlevebis<br />
saSualebiT Semowmebis gzebi. eqsperimentSi<br />
monawileobdnen Savkaniani amerikelebi, romel-<br />
Tac TeTrkaniani amerikeli an evropeli mSoblebi<br />
hyavdaT. aSS-Si „Savi~ mosaxleobis 20-30%<br />
Sefasebulia, rogorc evropuli warmomavlobis<br />
mqone, rac Sereuli qorwinebis Sedegia. qmnis<br />
Tu ara gansxvavebas IQ-Si is, Tu ramdenad aris<br />
datvirTuli evropuli geniT `Savi~ individi?<br />
im Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, romelic genebs<br />
yovelives qvekuTxedad miiCnevs, es cvlis<br />
viTarebas, Tumca, monacemebi gviCveneben, rom<br />
memkvidreobiT miRebul evropeiodulobasa da<br />
IQ-s Soris korelacia Zalze sustia (mravalricxovan<br />
kvlevebSi es maCvenebeli mxolod 0.15s<br />
Seadgens). es samarTliania yvela SemTxvevaSi,<br />
ganurCevlad imisa, Tu romeli maxasiaTebeli _<br />
kanis feri Tu sisxlis jgufi _ gamoiyeneba<br />
rasobrivi aRrevis maCveneblad. im germaneli<br />
bavSvebis IQ maCveneblebis Sedarebam, romelTa<br />
mamebi Savkaniani da TeTrkaniani samxedroebi<br />
iyvnen, ar gamoavlina gansxvaveba maT Soris.<br />
amasTanave, `Savkaniani-TeTrkaniani~ kavSiris<br />
Sedegad gaCenil bavSvebs rva quliT maRali<br />
Sedegi hqondaT im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac deda<br />
iyo TeTrkaniani. am gansxvavebis savaraudo axsna<br />
isaa, rom deda ufro metad monawileobs bavSvis<br />
inteleqtualuri socializaciis procesSi, vidre<br />
mama da, cxadia, es gansxvaveba ar unda mieweros<br />
genetikur faqtors, radgan Svilis genetikuri<br />
monacemebi orive mSoblis genetikiTaa<br />
ganpirobebuli (Loehlin, 2000; Nisbert,1998).<br />
genetika mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs individis<br />
IQ-is formirebaSi, iseve rogorc mis bevr<br />
sxva maxasiaTebelsa da unarze. miuxedavad amisa,<br />
Cven vamtkicebT, rom rasobriv da eTnikur<br />
jgufebs Soris IQ-is mixedviT arsebuli gansxvavebebis<br />
memkvidreobiT axsna SeuZlebelia.<br />
is aucilebeli, magram arasakmarisi pirobaa<br />
amgvari maCveneblebis misaRebad. axla ganvixiloT,<br />
Tu ra rols SeiZleba asrulebdes ga-<br />
remo pirobebi IQ-is maCveneblebSi aseTi<br />
wyvetebis arsebobaSi.<br />
garemo da IQ<br />
vinaidan memkvidreobiTobis maCveneblebi 1.0ze<br />
naklebia, vaskvniT, rom nebismieri individis<br />
IQ-ze mxolod genetikuri memkvidreoba ar aris<br />
pasuxismgebeli. garemo IQ-zec unda axdendes<br />
gavlenas. rogor SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, garemos<br />
romeli aspeqtia IQ-sTvis mniSvnelovani?<br />
garemos romeli maxasiaTebeli moqmedebs IQ<br />
testSi maRali qulebis miRebis SesaZleblobaze<br />
(Beiser & Gotowiec, 2000; Ceci, 1999; Rowe, 1997; Suzuki &<br />
Valencia, 1997.)? garemo warmoadgens stimulTa<br />
rTul (kompleqsur) nakrebs, romelic icvleba<br />
mravali ganzomilebis mixedviT rogorc fizikuri,<br />
ise _ socialuri TvalsazrisiT da SeiZleba<br />
gansxvavebulad aRiqmebodes adamianebis<br />
mier. aucilebeli ar aris, rom erTi da igive<br />
ojaxis bavSvebi erTnair kritikul (arsebiTi<br />
mniSvnelobis mqone) fsiqologiur garemoSi<br />
imyofebodnen. gaixseneT, rogor izrdebodiT<br />
Tqven ojaxSi; Tu gyavT da-Zma, aqcevdnen Tu<br />
ara maT erTnair yuradRebas mSoblebi? icvleboda<br />
Tu ara stresuli pirobebi droTa ganmavlobaSi?<br />
Seicvala Tu ara Tqveni ojaxis finansuri<br />
SesaZleblobebi? an xom ar Seicvala Tqveni<br />
mSoblebis ojaxuri mdgomareoba? naTelia, rom<br />
garemo bevri komponentisgan Sedgeba da es<br />
komponentebi mudmivad urTierTqmedeben da<br />
icvlebian droTa ganmavlobaSi. aqedan gamomdinare,<br />
sakmaod rTulia fsiqologebisaTvis imis<br />
gansazRvra, Tu sinamdvileSi ra saxis garemo<br />
pirobebi _ zrunva, stresi, siRaribe, janmrTeloba,<br />
omi da a.S _ axdens gavlenas IQ-ze.<br />
umravles SemTxvevaSi mkvlevarTa yuradRebis<br />
centrSi iyo garemos ufro globaluri sazomebi,<br />
iseTebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, ojaxis socioekonomikuri<br />
statusi. erT-erT farTomasStabian<br />
longitudur kvlevaSi, romelSic 26 000-ze meti<br />
bavSvi Seiswavles, bavSvis IQ-is saukeTeso<br />
winaswarmetyveli 4 wlis asakSi ojaxis socioekonomikuri<br />
statusi da dedis ganaTlebis done<br />
iyo, rac erTnairad WeSmariti aRmoCnda afrikeli,<br />
amerikeli da kavkasieli bavSvebisaTvis<br />
(Broman et al., 1975). analogiurad, 10.5 suraTze<br />
naCvenebia socialuri klasis zogadi gavlena<br />
IQ-ze.
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