(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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aRwevs ufros mozrdilebTan! bevrs gaukvirda<br />
es Sedegi, radgan, intuiturad, asakis matebasTan<br />
erTad garemos sul ufro meti da ara naklebi<br />
gavlena unda hqondes. intuiciasTan am Seusabamo<br />
Sedegs mkvlevrebi aseT axsnas aZleven: `SesaZlebelia,<br />
genetikuri dispoziciebi gvibiZgeben<br />
im garemosken, romelic Cveni genetikuri<br />
midrekilebebis aqcentirebas axdens da Sedegad<br />
cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi momatebul memkvidrulobas<br />
viRebT~ (Plomin & Petrill,1997. gv. 51).A<br />
kvlav davubrundeT im wertils _ testuri<br />
qulebis sxvaobas afro-amerikelebsa da TeTrkanian<br />
amerikelebs Soris _ saidanac genetikuri<br />
analizi winaaRmdegobrivi xdeba. miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom ramdenime aTeuli wlis winaT es<br />
sxvaoba IQ-is 15 qulas Seadgenda, TeTrkanianTa<br />
da SavkanianTa qulebi garkveuli drois Semdeg<br />
erTmaneTs dauaxlovda. ase rom, Tanamedrove<br />
indikatorebis mixedviT, sxvaoba 7-10 qulas Soris<br />
Tavsdeba (Nisbett, 1995, 1998, Williams & Ceci, 1997),<br />
Tumca, sxvaobis Semcireba garemos gavlenaze<br />
miuTiTebs. es sxvaoba bevr adamians mainc<br />
afiqrebinebs, rom rasebs Soris dauZleveli<br />
genetikuri gansxvavebebi arsebobs (Hernnstein<br />
&Murrey, 1994), magram, maSinac ki, Tu IQ memkvidreobiTia,<br />
asaxavs ki es sxvaoba dabalqulian<br />
jgufSi Semaval individTa genetikur arasrulfasovnebas?<br />
pasuxi erTmniSvnelovania _ `ara!~<br />
memkvidreobiToba erTi konkretuli jgufis<br />
SigniT ganxorcielebul gazomvas efuZneba. is<br />
ar gamodgeba jgufTaSorisi gansxvavebebis<br />
interpretirebisTvis, ganurCevlad imisa, Tu<br />
ramdenad didia maT Soris gansxvaveba obieqturi<br />
testis monacemebis mixedviT. memkvidreobis<br />
maCveneblebi individTa mocemuli populaciis<br />
Sesaxeb mxolod gasaSualoebul warmodgenaTa<br />
ricxvs ganekuTvneba. maSinac ki, roca iciT,<br />
rom simaRle, magaliTad, memkvidreobiTobis<br />
maRali maCvenebliT xasiaTdeba (daaxloebiT<br />
90%), mainc ver gansazRvravT imas, Tu ramdenadaa<br />
Tqveni simaRle genetikurad ganpirobebuli.<br />
igive argumenti gamodgeba IQ-saTvis: -miuxedavad<br />
inteleqtis memkvidreobiTobis maRali maCveneblebisa,<br />
ver ganvsazRvravT konkretuli individis<br />
IQ-Si, an jgufTaSoris saSualo IQ-Si<br />
genetikis gavlenas. is faqti, rom IQ testSi<br />
erTi rasobrivi Tu eTnikuri jgufi nakleb<br />
qulebs iRebs, vidre meore, ar unda niSnavdes<br />
imas, rom am jgufebs Soris gansxvaveba genetikuri<br />
warmoSobisaa maSinac ki, rodesac memkvidreobiTobis<br />
maCvenebeli (romelic jgufSi iyo<br />
dadgenili) IQ qulebisaTvis maRalia.<br />
meore mizezi, Tu ratom ar SeiZleba genetikuri<br />
nakrebi srulad iyos pasuxismgebeli jguf-<br />
TaSoris sxvaobaze, am gansxvavebaTa SefardebiT<br />
sidides exeba. saSualo gansxvavebis miuxedavad,<br />
arsebobs mniSvnelovani Tanxvedra TiToeuli<br />
jgufis qulebis ganawilebaSi: jgufebs Soris<br />
gansxvaveba, TiToeul jgufSi individebis<br />
qulebs Soris gansxvavebebTan SedarebiT, mcirea<br />
(Loehlin, 2000; Suzuki&Valencia, 1997). zogadad,<br />
gansxvavebebi sxvadasxva rasobrivi jgufis genur<br />
nakrebSi umniSvneloa erTi da igive jgufis<br />
wevrebs Soris arsebul genetikur gansxvavebeb-<br />
Tan SedarebiT (Could, 1981; Zuckerman, 1990). metic,<br />
aSS-Si rasa xSirad ufro socialuri konstruqtia,<br />
vidre biologiuri. ganvixiloT golfis<br />
SesaniSnavi axalgazrda moTamaSis taiger vudsis<br />
(Tiger Woods) SemTxveva, romelsac xSirad afrikel<br />
amerikelad moixsenieben da amiT uares<br />
pirobebSi ayeneben mas, Tumca, misi realuri<br />
warmomavloba gacilebiT rTulia (misi winaprebi<br />
TeTrkaniani, Savkaniani, tai, Cineli da<br />
adgilobrivi amerikelebi iyvnen). vudsi SesaniSnavi<br />
magaliTia imisa, Tu ramdenad ar<br />
inteleqtis politika<br />
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