(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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lobebi da kanondarRvevis SemTxvevebi. amis sapirispirod,<br />
rodesac martin kilikakma meored<br />
`karg qalTan~ iqorwina, am kavSirma mogvca 496<br />
STamomavali, saidanac mxolod sami iqna<br />
`defeqturad~ aRiarebuli. godardma isic naxa,<br />
rom am maRalxarisxovani kavSiris mravali<br />
STamomavali `gamoCenili adamiani~ gaxda (Godard,<br />
1914). igi mivida im azramde, rom memkvidreobiTobam<br />
dadebiTi mxridan gansazRvra inteleqti,<br />
genialoba da gamoCeniloba, xolo<br />
uaryofiTi mxridan _ delikventoba, alkoholizmi,<br />
seqsualuri amoraloba, gonebrivi<br />
CamorCeniloba da siRatakec ki (McPherson,1985).<br />
saidan<br />
viciT<br />
genetikurad arasrulfasovani ojaxebi<br />
ityobinebodnen, rom (dawyebuli 1875<br />
wlidan) mokvleul iqna niu iorkis Statis<br />
`jukis sisxlis~ mqone ojaxebis 2000-ze<br />
meti wevri, radganac am ojaxs damyarebuli<br />
hqonda gonebriv ganviTarebaSi CamorCenilobis,<br />
kanondarRvevisa da danaSaulis<br />
samarcxvino rekordi. am ojaxis 458 wevrma<br />
ver SeZlo skolaSi swavla gonebrivi<br />
unarebis arqonis gamo. 171 kriminaluri<br />
warsulis adamiani aRmoCnda, xolo maTi<br />
sanaTesaos aseulobiT wevri `glaxaki,<br />
TavaSvebuli da meZavi~ iyo. daaskvnes, rom<br />
memkvidreobiToba am saSineli ojaxis wevr-<br />
Ta samarcxvino ganviTarebis wamyvani faqtori<br />
iyo.<br />
genetikuri arasrulfasovnebis godardiseuli<br />
argumenti Semdgom ganamtkicaFim faqtma, rom<br />
pirveli msoflio omis dros armiaSi gamoyenebul<br />
inteleqtis testebSi afro-amerikelebi<br />
da sxva rasobrivi umciresobebi nakleb qulebs<br />
iRebdnen, vidre TeTrkaniani umravlesoba. luis<br />
termenma, romelmac didad Seuwyo xeli aSS-Si<br />
IQ testirebas, Zalze aramecnieruli komentari<br />
gaukeTa monacemebs, romelic misive daxmarebiT<br />
aSS-Si mcxovrebi rasobrivi umciresobebisgan<br />
Segrovda:<br />
`maTi siClunge, rogorc Cans, rasobrivia...<br />
amJamad ar Cans raime SesaZlebloba,<br />
davarwmunoT…sazogadoeba, rom maT ar unda<br />
mieceT reproduqciis ufleba, Tumca, evgenikis<br />
TvalsazrisiT, maTi araCveulebrivad<br />
swrafi gamravlebis gamo, isini seriozul<br />
problemas qmnian (Terman,1916, gv. 91-<br />
92).<br />
saxelebi Seicvala, magram problema igive<br />
darCa. dResac SeerTebul StatebSi afroamerikelebi<br />
da laTinosebi standartizebul<br />
inteleqtis testebSi, saSualod, ufro dabal<br />
qulebs iReben, vidre azieli amerikelebi da<br />
TeTrkanianebi. cxadia, yvela jgufSi arian<br />
individebi, romelTa IQ qulebi umaRles (da<br />
udables) poluss Seesabameba. rogoraa SesaZlebeli<br />
IQ-is qulebSi aseTi jgufuri gansxvavebebis<br />
interpretireba? SeerTebul StatebSi<br />
da did britaneTSi arsebuli tradiciis<br />
mixedviT, es gansxvavebebi genetikur arasrulfasovnebas<br />
(bunebas) miewereba. mas Semdeg, rac<br />
IQ-is maCveneblebSi genetikuri gansxvavebebis<br />
realurobaze vimsjelebT, ganvixilavT meore<br />
SesaZleblobas, romlis mixedviT, garemo<br />
pirobebis nairgvaroba (aRzrda) mniSvnelovan<br />
gavlenas axdens IQ-ze. TiToeuli axsnis an maTi<br />
kombinaciis dasabuTebas mniSvnelovani socialuri,<br />
ekonomikuri da politikuri Sedegebi<br />
mohyveba.<br />
memkvidreobiToba da IQ<br />
rogor SeuZliaT mkvlevrebs inteleqtis<br />
genetikuri gansazRvrulobis xarisxis dadgena?<br />
am kiTxvaze nebismieri pasuxi mkvlevrebisgan<br />
inteleqtis indeqsad garkveuli sazomis SerCevas<br />
moiTxovs. amrigad, sakiTxi is ki araa, axdens<br />
Tu ara memkvidreobiToba inteleqtze gavlenas,<br />
aramed is, umetes SemTxvevaSi, msgavsia Tu ara<br />
ojaxur xeTa SigniT IQ maCvenebeli. am konkretul<br />
kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad, mkvlevrebs sWirdebaT<br />
saerTo genebisa da saerTo garemos gavlenaTa<br />
erTmaneTisgan gancalkeveba. amisTvis mowodebuli<br />
erT-erTi meTodia identuri (monozigoturi)<br />
da araidenturi (dizigoturi) tyupebis<br />
da sxvadasxva donis genetikuri gadafarvis<br />
naTesavTa funqcionirebis Sedareba. 10.3 suraTze<br />
warmodgenilia individTa IQ-is qulaTa Soris<br />
korelaciebi maTi genetikuri naTesaobis done-<br />
inteleqtis politika<br />
381
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