(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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Tavi 10 / inteleqti da inteleqtis Sefaseba<br />
374<br />
fsiqologiis dargia, romelic fsiqikuri funqciebis<br />
testirebas emsaxureba. mis mraval aspeqts<br />
Sorisaa pirovnebis diagnostikuri Sefaseba,<br />
inteleqtis Sefaseba da ganwyobebis gazomva.<br />
amrigad, fsiqometruli midgomebi mWidro<br />
kavSirSia testirebis meTodebTan. es Teoriebi<br />
ikvlevs statistikur mimarTebebs unarebis<br />
gansxvavebul sazomebs Soris, magaliTad, WAIS-<br />
R-is 11 subtests Soris da Semdeg am mimarTebaTa<br />
safuZvelze adamianis inteleqtis Sesaxeb<br />
daskvnebi gamoaqvs. teqnikas, romelic amisaTvis<br />
yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba, faqtoruli analizi<br />
ewodeba. es aris statistikuri procedura,<br />
romelic parametrebis, klasterebisa da faqtorebis<br />
ufro mcire raodenobis identificirebas<br />
axdens damoukidebel cvladTa ufro didi<br />
erTobliobis SigniT. faqtoruli analizis<br />
mizani sakvlevi koncefciis ZiriTadi fsiqologiuri<br />
parametrebis dadgenaa. cxadia, statistikuri<br />
procedura mxolod statistikur<br />
mudmivebs adgens; am mudmivebis axsna da maTi<br />
dasabuTeba ukve fsiqologebis saqmea.<br />
Carlz spirmenma (Charles Spearman) pirvelma<br />
gamoiyena faqtoruli analizi inteleqtis kvlevis<br />
sferoSi, rac sakmaod STambeWdavi iyo. man<br />
aRmoaCina, rom individTa mier inteleqtis<br />
sxvadasxvagvari testebis Sesrulebis Sedegad<br />
miRebuli qulebi kargad korelirebs erTmaneT-<br />
Tan. aqedan gamomdinare, man daaskvna, rom<br />
arsebobs zogadi inteleqtis faqtori, anu<br />
faqtori g, romelic gonebrivi aqtiobis ganxorcielebas<br />
udevs safuZvlad (Spearman,1927). yoveli<br />
calkeuli sfero, aseve, dakavSirebulia Tavis<br />
fsiqometria (Psychometrics) _ fsiqologiis dargi,<br />
romelic gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis testirebaSi<br />
specializirdeba.<br />
g _ spirmenis mixedviT, zogadi inteleqtis<br />
faqtori, romelic safuZvlad udevs yovelgvar<br />
inteleqtualur aqtiobas.<br />
kristalizebuli inteleqti (Cristallized intelligence)<br />
_ inteleqtis komponenti, romelSic<br />
Sedis pirovnebis mier SeZenili codna da am<br />
codnis gazrda-gamoyenebis unari; izomeba leqsikuri<br />
maragis, ariTmetikuli da zogadi informirebulobis<br />
testebiT.<br />
fluiduri inteleqti (Fluid intelligence) _ inteleqtis<br />
komponenti, romelic moicavs rTuli<br />
mimarTebebis danaxvisa da problemebis gadaWris<br />
unars.<br />
specifikur unarTan, rasac spirmenma s uwoda.<br />
magaliTad, leqsikur da ariTmetikul testSi<br />
miRebuli Sedegebi damokidebulia rogorc<br />
zogad inteleqtze, ise am sferosaTvis damaxasia-<br />
Tebel specifikur unarebze.<br />
raimond ketelma (Raymond Cattel, 1963) faqtoruli<br />
analizis ufro mowinave teqnikis gamoyenebiT<br />
daadgina, rom zogadi inteleqti SeiZleba<br />
daiyos or, SedarebiT damoukidebel komponentad,<br />
romelsac man kristalizebuli da fluiduri<br />
inteleqti uwoda. kristalizebuli inteleqti<br />
moicavs individis mier ukve aTvisebul codnas<br />
da am codnis gazrda-gamoyenebis unars; is<br />
izomeba leqsikuri, ariTmetikuli da zogadi<br />
informirebulobis testebiT. fluiduri inteleqti<br />
rTuli mimarTebebis xedvisa da problemebis<br />
gadaWris unaria; is izomeba kuburebis<br />
nimuSisa da sivrcobrivi vizualizaciis testebiT,<br />
romlebSic problemis gadasaWrelad saWiro<br />
fonuri informacia daskvniT miiReba. TvalsaCino<br />
kristalizebuli inteleqti saSualebas<br />
gaZlevT, kargad gaarTvaT Tavi cxovrebis<br />
mimdinare, konkretul gamowvevebs; fluiduri<br />
inteleqti ki gexmarebaT, ieriSi miitanoT axal,<br />
abstraqtul problemebze.<br />
joi pol gilfordma (J.P.Guilford, 1961) faqtoruli<br />
analizi inteleqtTan dakavSirebuli<br />
mravali amocanis moTxovnaTa Sesaswavlad gamoiyena.<br />
inteleqtis struqturis miseul modelSi<br />
gamoyofilia inteleqtualuri amocanebis sami<br />
niSan-Tviseba: Sinaarsi, anu informaciis tipi;<br />
produqti, anu forma, romliTac informacia<br />
aris warmodgenili da operacia _ Sesrulebuli<br />
gonebrivi moqmedebebis tipi.<br />
rogorc 10.3 suraTi gviCvenebs, am modelSi<br />
mocemulia xuTi saxis Sinaarsi: mxedvelobiTi,<br />
smeniTi, simboluri, semantikuri da qceviTi;<br />
eqvsi saxis produqti: erTeulebi, klasebi,<br />
mimarTebebi, sistemebi, transformaciebi da<br />
implikaciebi; xuTi saxis operacia: Sefaseba,<br />
konvergentuli produqcia, divergentuli produqcia,<br />
mexsiereba da Semecneba. inteleqtis<br />
mier Sesrulebuli TiToeuli amocana SeiZleba<br />
ganisazRvros masSi Cadebuli Sinaarsis, produqtebis<br />
da operaciebis mixedviT. garda amisa,<br />
gilfordi fiqrobs, rom yoveli kombinacia<br />
Sinaarsi-produqti-operacia (yoveli mcire kubi<br />
modelSi) gansxvavebul gonebriv unars warmoadgens.<br />
magaliTad, rogorc naCvenebia 10.2 suraTze,
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