(natia) ZIMBARDO

Tavi 10 / inteleqti da inteleqtis Sefaseba
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Sejamdeba da pirdapir moxdeba maTi Sedareba
Tqveni asakis sxva adamianTa qulebTan. 100-is
toli IQ aris `saSualo~ da gviCvenebs, rom
Tqveni asakis adamianTa 50% ufro dabal qulebs
agrovebs (ix. sur. 10.1). 90-sa da 110-s Soris
moTavsebuli qulebi `normaa~, xolo maTze meti
(120 da zemoT) _ `umaRlesi~. rodesac 18 wlamde
asakis individebi agroveben validur IQ qulebs
70-dan 75-mde, an ufro qvemoT, isini gonebrivi
CamorCenilobis erT-erT kriteriums Seesabamebian,
magram, rogorc 10.1 cxrilSia naCvenebi,
gonebrivad CamorCenilebad rom CaiTvalon,
individebma cxovrebiseul amocanebTan dakavSirebuli
adaptaciuri Cvevebis SeZenis SezRuduli
unaric unda gamoavlinon (American Association
on Mental Retardation AAMR,1992). adreul
wlebSi IQ qulebi msubuqi, zomieri, Zlieri da
Rrma gonebrivi CamorCenilobis klasificirebisaTvis
gamoiyeneboda (ix. sur. 10.1.), magram,
adaptaciur Cvevebze Tanamedrove Sexedulebam
eqspertebs am terminologiis uaryofa ukarnaxa
iseTi ufro zusti aRwerebis sasargeblod,
rogoricaa `gonebrivi CamorCenilobis mqone
pirovneba, romelic eqstensiur mxardaWeras
saWiroebs socialuri unarebisa da sakuTari
gonebrivi CamorCeniloba (Mental retardation) _
rodesac individebis IQ qulebi meryeobs 70-
75-mde intervalSi an masze naklebia, aseve,
rodesac SezRudulia cxovrebiseuli amocanebis
gadasaWreli adaptaciuri Cvevebis SemuSavebis
unari.
Tavis marTvis sferoebSi~, an `gonebrivi CamorCenilobis
mqone pirovneba, romelic komunikaciasa
da socialur CvevebSi mcire mxardaWeras
saWiroebs~ (American Association on Mental Retardation
AAMR,1992. gv.34).
veqsleris inteleqtis skala
david veqsleri (David Wechsler), romelic niu
iorkis belviu hospitalSi muSaobda, Tvlida,
rom mozrdilTa inteleqtis gazomvis procedura
naklebad unda yofiliyo verbalur debulebebze
damokidebuli. 1939 wels man gamoaqveyna veqslerbelvius
inteleqtis skala, romelSic verbaluri
subtestebi kombinirebuli iyo araverbalur,
anu praqtikuli Sesrulebis subtestebTan.
amrigad, mTliani IQ qulebis garda, adamianebs
damatebiT miecaT maTi verbaluri da araverbaluri
IQ-is damoukidebeli Sefasebebi. 1955 wels,
mcireodeni cvlilebebis Semdeg, tests Seecvala
saxelwodeba da `veqsleris inteleqtis skala
mozrdilTaTvis~ _ WAIS ewoda, xolo dResdReobiT
misi gadasinjuli versia cnobilia, rogorc
_ WAIS-R (Wechsler, 1981).
WAIS-R-Si eqvsi verbaluri subtestia: informirebuloba,
leqsikuri maragi, gageba, ariTmetikuli
unarebi, msgavsebebi (gansazRvra, Tu ratom
aris ori sagani msgavsi) da ricxvebis rigi
(eqsperimentatoris mier warmoTqmul ricxvTa
seriis gameoreba). es testebi aris rogorc
werilobiTi, ise _ zepiri. praqtikuli Sesru