(natia) ZIMBARDO

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(Robert Yerkis), gamoexmaurnen omis wlebis sagangebo
viTarebas da es testebi sul raRac erT
TveSi Seqmnes (Lennon,1985).
am farTomasStabiani testirebis programis
Sedegad amerikis sazogadoebisaTvis misaRebi
gaxda azri, rom inteleqtis testebs SeuZliaT
adamianTa diferencireba liderobis unarisa
da sxva socialurad mniSvnelovani maxasiaTeblebis
mixedviT, ramac xeli Seuwyo maT farTo
gamoyenebas skolebsa da sawarmoebSi. Sefaseba
ganixileboda, rogorc qaotur sazogadoebaSi
wesrigis Setanis saSualeba. aseve, es iyo sakmaod
iafi, demokratiuli xerxi im adamianTa gamodiferencirebisa,
visac ganaTlebidan da samxedro
meTaurTa treningidan garkveuli codnis miReba
SeeZlo. inteleqtis farTomasStabiani testirebis
gamoyenebis gasaioleblad mkvlevrebi
Zalas ar iSurebdnen da farTo gamoyenebis
mqone testur procedurebs qmnidnen.
IQ testebi
miuxedavad imisa, rom binem inteleqtis standartizebuli
gazomva safrangeTSi daiwyo, sul
male am saqmeSi wamyvani poziciebi aSS-is
fsiqologebma daikaves. maT SeimuSaves, agreTve,
IQ, anu inteleqtis koeficienti. IQ inteleqtis
ricxobrivi, standartizebuli sazomia. amJamad
farTod gamoiyeneba individualuri gamoyenebisTvis
mowodebuli IQ-testis ori jgufi:
stenford-binesa (Stanford-Binet) da veqsleris
skalebi (Wechsler).
stenford-bines inteleqtis skala
luis termenma (Lewis Terman), stenfordis
universitetis sajaro skolis yofilma administratorma,
Rirseulad daafasa inteleqtis
gazomvis bineseuli meTodis mniSvneloba.
aTasobiT bavSvisaTvis am testis miwodebiT
man moaxdina bines testis adaptireba aSS-is
skolis moswavleebisaTvis, standartizeba gaukeTa
testis gamoyenebas da SeimuSava asakobrivi
normebi. 1916 wels man gamoaqveyna bines testis
stenfordiseuli revizirebuli varianti,
romelic, Cveulebriv, moixsenieba, rogorc stenford-bines
inteleqtis skala (Terman, 1916).
am axali testiT termenma safuZveli moamzada
iseTi cnebisTvis, rogoricaa inteleqtis
koeficienti, anu IQ (termini, romelic 1914
wels Sternma Semoitana). IQ aris gonebrivi
asakis Sefardeba qronologiur asakTan, gamravlebuli
100-ze:
IQ = gonebrivi asaki ÷ qronologiuri
asaki 100
bavSvs, romlis qronologiuri asaki 8 welia
da romlis testis qulebma aCvena gonebrivi
asaki 10 weli, IQ 125 (10:8×100=125) eqneba, xolo
igive qronologiuri asakis bavSvs, romelmac
testi 6 wlis bavSvis doneze Seasrula, IQ 75
(6:8×100=75) eqneba; individebs, romlebmac
Seasrules Tavisi asakisaTvis Sesabamisi
gonebrivi testi, IQ 100 eqnebaT. amrigad, 100
qula saSualo IQ-ad iqna miCneuli.Q
stenford-bines axali testi male gadaiqca
klinikuri fsiqologiis, fsiqoTerapiis da
saswavlo konsultirebis standartul instrumentad.
es testi Seicavs mTel rig subtestebs,
romelic konkretul gonebriv asakzea morgebuli
da romelTac mcire reviziaTa CautardaT
1937, 1960 da 1972 wlebSi, raTa
miRweuliyo sami mizani: _ (1) mcirewlovani
bavSvebisa da Zalze gonieri zrdasrulebis IQis
gasazomad gafarToebuliyo testis diapazoni;
(2) ganaxlebuliyo leqsikuri maragis punqtebi,
romelTa sirTule sazogadoebaSi momxdar
cvlilebaTa kvaldakval icvleba; (3) ganaxlebuliyo
normebisa da asakis Sesabamisi saSualo
qulebi (Terman&Merril,1937,1960,1972.). stenfordbines
testis ukanaskneli, me-4 gamocema (Torndike
et al.,1986) testis validobis gaumjobesebis mizans
emsaxureba, romelTac uzrunvelyofs IQ-s zust
gazomvas rogorc Sesrulebis normaluri rangis
mqone individebisaTvis, ise, `fsiqikuri funqcionirebis
problemebis mqone~, an niWieri individebisaTvis
(Laurent et al.,1992).
miaqcieT yuradReba, rom IQ qulebi ukve aRar
miiReba gonebrivi asakis qronologiur asakze
gayofiT. Tu tests dRes CaitarebT, Tqveni qulebi
inteleqtis koeficienti (IQ) (Intelligence quotient)
_ indeqsi, romelic miRebulia inteleqtis
standartizebuli testebidan; pirvelad IQ
gamoiTvleboda individis gonebrivi asakis
qronologiur asakze gayofiT da Semdeg 100-ze
gamravlebiT; amJamad pirdapir gamoiTvleba,
rogorc IQ testis qula.
inteleqtis Sefaseba
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