(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO
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qulebi gamocdebTan dakavSirebuli SfoTvis<br />
testSi ufro maRali iyo (albaT, es sruliad<br />
ar gikvirT). rodesac Sefasebis procedurebSi<br />
naTlad ar aris mocemuli miTiTebebi testis<br />
Catarebisa da miRebuli qulebis daTvlis gza,<br />
maSin gaZneldeba testis Sedegebis mniSvnelobebis<br />
interpretacia an imaze saubari, Tu ra<br />
mimarTebaSia es Sedegebi nebismier normatiuli<br />
SedegebTan.<br />
axla ganvixileT zogierTi im sakiTxTagani,<br />
romelic aRelvebT mkvlevrebs, rodesac isini<br />
qmnian tests da cdiloben gansazRvron sinamdvileSi<br />
zomavs Tu ara testi imas, risi gazomvac<br />
surT. isini darwmunebulebi unda iyvnen<br />
testis sandoobasa da validobaSi; MmaT, aseve,<br />
unda daadginon testirebis standartuli<br />
pirobebi, mxolod amis Sedegad miRebul normebs<br />
aqvs azri. nebismieri testis qulebi unda<br />
Sefasdes sandoobisa da validobis terminebiT.<br />
aseve, unda Sefasdes Sesrulebis normebi da<br />
standartizaciis pirobebi, romelSic testi<br />
Catarda.<br />
Aaxla mzad varT, rom davubrundeT inteleqtis<br />
gazomvas.<br />
Sejameba<br />
fsiqologiuri Sefaseba fokusirebulia individualur<br />
gansxvavebebze, aseve, imis Seswavlaze,<br />
Tu riTi gansxvavdeba an hgavs erTi individi<br />
sxvebs. Sefasebis formebi antikur CineTSi<br />
Seiqmna. dasavlur samyaroSi pirvelad frensis<br />
galtonma Seqmna da gamoiyena Teoria inteleqtis<br />
testirebis Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, masve ekuTvnis<br />
miTi biologiurad `saukeTeso~ (superioruli)<br />
da `uaresi~ (inferioruli) adamianebis Sesaxeb.<br />
testebi gamoyenebadia, Tu: (a) isini validuria,<br />
anu sxvadasxva dros am testis Sesrulebisas<br />
erTi da igive adamiani erTsa da imave qulebs<br />
iRebs da (b) iZleva sando, zust informacias<br />
im konstruqtis Sesaxeb, ris gasazomadac Seiqmna.<br />
aseve, mniSvnelovania, rom testis Catarebis<br />
procedura iyos standartizirebuli da mi-<br />
Rebuli qulebi Sedardes Sesabamisi populaciis<br />
normas.<br />
inteleqtis Sefaseba<br />
ramdenad gonieri xarT Tqven an Tqveni<br />
megobrebi? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema inteleqtis<br />
gansazRvriT unda daiwyoT. es advili amocana<br />
ar aris, magram inteleqtis mkvlevarTa 52-kaciani<br />
jgufi mainc SeTanxmda aseT zogad gansazRvrebaze:<br />
`inteleqti aris Zalze zogadi gonebrivi<br />
SesaZlebloba, romelic, sxva komponentebTan<br />
erTad, moicavs logikuri msjelobis, dagegmvis,<br />
problemaTa gadaWris, abstraqtuli azrovnebis,<br />
rTuli ideebis wvdomis, swrafad daswavlisa<br />
da gamocdilebis miRebis unars~ (Gottfredson,1997a,<br />
gv.13). SesaZleblobebis am farTo speqtrs Tu<br />
gaviTvaliswinebT, maSinve naTeli gaxdeba, ratom<br />
aris inteleqtis gazomva kamaTis sagani. is, Tu<br />
rogor axdenen Teoretikosebi inteleqtis da<br />
umaRlesi fsiqikuri funqciebis konceptualizebas,<br />
mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs im xerxs,<br />
riTac isini mis gazomvas cdiloben (Sternberg,<br />
1994). zogierT fsiqologs miaCnia, rom adamianis<br />
inteleqti SeiZleba raodenobrivad ganisazRvros<br />
da dayvanil iqnes erT garkveul qulaze;<br />
sxvebi amtkiceben, rom inteleqti mravali<br />
komponentisgan Sedgeba, romelic cal-calke<br />
unda gaizomos; arian iseTebic, romlebic<br />
amboben, rom sinamdvileSi arsebobs inteleqtis<br />
ramdenime gansxvavebuli saxe, rac gamocdilebis<br />
sxvadasxva sferos Seesabameba.<br />
am qveTavSi aRvwerT, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba<br />
inteleqtis testebi inteleqtis sxvadasxva<br />
koncefciebs. daviwyoT istoriuli konteqstis<br />
ganxilviT, romelSic aRmocenda inteleqtisadmi<br />
da misi gazomvisadmi interesi.<br />
inteleqtis testebis<br />
istoriuli safuZvlebi<br />
1905 wels gamoqveynda inteleqtis sakvlevi<br />
pirveli qmediTi testi. alfred bine (Alfred<br />
Binet) gamoexmaura safrangeTis saxalxo ganaTlebis<br />
ministris mowodebas, SeeqmnaT ufro efeq-<br />
inteleqti (Intelligence) _ gamocdilebidan sargeblis<br />
miRebisa da garemos Sesaxeb mocemuli<br />
informaciis farglebis garRvevis zogadi<br />
unari.<br />
inteleqtis Sefaseba<br />
367
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