(natia) ZIMBARDO
(natia) ZIMBARDO (natia) ZIMBARDO
Tavi 10 / inteleqti da inteleqtis Sefaseba 364 mkvlevrebs saklaso oTaxSi bavSvebis dakvirveba surdaT maTi agresiuli TamaSis donis Sesafaseblad. amisaTvis maT SeiZleba SeeqmnaT kodirebuli sqema, romelic saTanado gansxvavebis dadgenis saSualebas miscemda. es sqema maSin iqneboda sando, Tu igive bavSvebze sxvebi awarmoebdnen dakvirvebas da igive Sefasebas miscemdnen. swored amitom aucilebelia im adamianebis momzadeba, romelTac SemdgomSi fsiqologiuri Sefasebis ganxorcieleba mouwevT. isini aucileblad unda flobdnen saTanado formiT gansxvavebis dadgenis sistemebis gamoyenebis unarebs. validoba testis validoba aris is, Tu ra xarisxiT zomavs testi imas, risi gazomvac surs eqsperts. inteleqtis validuri testi zomavs am maxasiaTebels da Sesrulebis winaswarmetyvelebis saSualebas iZleva im situaciebSi, romelSic mniSvnelovan rols inteleqti asrulebs. kreatulobis validuri sazomiT miRebuli qulebi realur kreatulobas gviCvenebs da ara xatvis unars an guneba-ganwyobilebas. zogadad, vali- validoba (Validity) – gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenad zomavs testi imas, ris gasazomadac iyo miwodebuli. TvalsaCino validoba (Face validity) _ xarisxi, Tu ramdenad aris testis amocanebi uSualod dakavSirebuli gasazom cvladTan validoba kriteriumis mixedviT (Criterion valigity) _ xarisxi, Tu ramdenad Seesabameba gansazRvruli kriteriumis mixedviT miRebuli testis Sedegebi Sesafasebeli maxasiaTeblis zogierT sxva kriteriums. doba asaxavs testis mier im qcevebisa Tu Sedegebis zusti prognozirebis SesaZleblobas, romelic dakavSirebulia testis mizanTan, an mis formasTan. arsebobs validobis sami Ziri- Tadi tipi: TvalsaCino validoba, validoba kriteriumis mixedviT da konstruqtuli validoba. validobis pirveli tipi testis Sinaarss eyrdnoba. Tu testis amocanebi uSualod ukav- Sirdeba interesis sagans, maSin tests gaaCnia TvalsaCino validoba. aseT testebSi Zalian pirdapir da martivad aris mocemuli is kiTxvebi, romlebic maT Semqmnelebs ainteresebdaT. magaliTad, ramdenad aRelvebuli xarT? xarT Tu ara kreatuli? adamianisgan, romelic testirebaSi monawileobs, elian, rom is Zalze zustad da patiosnad upasuxebs testSi dasmul SekiTxvebs. samwuxarod, TvalsaCino validoba xSirad ar aris sakmarisi zusti gazomvisTvis. pirveli rigSi, adamianebi SeiZleba arazustad aRiqvamdnen sakuTar Tavs, an SeiZleba ar icodnen, sxvebTan Sedarebisas rogor Seafason sakuTari Tavi. meore, rodesac testi sakmaod zustad zomavs ama Tu im maxasiaTebels, is Semsruleblebs maTTvis sasurveli STabeWdilebis moxdenis saSualebas aZlevs. ganvixiloT fsiqikuri problemebis mqone hospitalizirebuli pacientebis klasikuri SemTxveva, romel- Tac ar surdaT klinikis nacnobi, mowesrigebuli garemodan wasvla. saidan viciT pacientebi manipulireben fsiqiatrebis SefasebebiT fsiqiatriuli klinikis personali SizofreniiT didi xnis ganmavlobaSi daavadebul pacientebs ekiTxeboda, ramdenad mZime iyo maTi mdgomareoba. rodesac maT ekiTxebodnen, iyvnen Tu ara isini imdenad kargad, rom saerTo palataSi gadaeyvanaT, pacientebi, ZiriTadad, dadebiT Sefasebas iZleodnen. Tumca, rodesac interviu stacionaridan gawerisTvis mzaobis Sefasebas isaxavda miznad, maSin maTi pasuxi uaryofiTi iyo,
vinaidan maT ar surdaT wasvla. im fsiqiatrebma, romlebic pacientebis intervius Sedegebs ajamebdnen, araferi icodnen intervius miznis eqsperimentuli variaciis Sesaxeb, amitom im pacientebis mdgomareobas ufro mZimed afasebdnen, romlebic ufro negatiur Sefasebas iZleodnen da amiT maT stacionaridan gaSvebaze uars ambobdnen. amrigad, pacientebma Sefasebis sasurveli Sedegi miiRes. fsiqiatrebis Sefasebaze SeiZleba im mosazrebamac imoqmeda, rom, Tu vinmes fsiqiatriul klinikaSi surda darCena, maSin misi mdgomareoba mZime unda yofiliyo (Braginsky & Braginsky,1967). am magaliTidan Cans, rom testis Semqmnelebi ar unda daeyrdnon mxolod TvalsaCino validobis mqone sazoms. axla ganvixiloT validobis sxva tipebi, romlebic SesaZlebels xdian zogierTi SezRudvis daZlevas. testis kriteriumis mixedviT validobis (cnobilia, aseve, rogorc prognostuli validoba) misaRwevad fsiqologebi erTmaneTs adareben cdis pirebis mier erT testSi miRebul qulebsa da sxva (imave parametrTan dakav- Sirebuli) standartis an kriteriumis mixedviT miRebul qulebs. magaliTad, Tu testis mizania kolejSi warmatebulobis prognozireba, maSin kolejis miRebuli niSnebi Sesabamisi kriteriumi iqneba. Tu testis qulebi korelirebs kolejis niSnebTan, maSin testi validuria kriteriumis mixedviT. testis avtorebis ZiriTadi amocana Sesabamisi gazomvadi kriteriumis povnaa. Tu erTxel ukve naCvenebia Sefasebis instrumentis kriteriumis mixedviT validoba, maSin mkvlevrebi sandod miiCneven mas da kidev gamoiyeneben Semdgomi prognozirebisaTvis. swored am logikiT iTxovs kolejis mimRebi komisia SAT-is qulebs. warsulSi SATis qulebi dadebiTad korelirebda kolejSi swavlis zogierT aspeqtTan, amitom administracias maTze dayrdnobiT kolejSi Tqveni momavali karieris prognozireba SeeZlo. pirobebi, romelSic testi validuria, Sei- Zleba Zalze specifikuri iyos, amitom yovelTvis saWiroa testis mimarT daisvas kiTxva: `risTvis aris is mowodebuli, risTvisaa validuri?~ Tu gvecodineba, kidev romel kriteriumebTan korelirebs an ar korelirebs mocemuli testi, maSin raime axlis danaxvas SevZlebT kriteriumebSi, maTi agebis koncefciebsa Tu adamianis qcevis sirTuleSi. vTqvaT, qmniT tests samedicino fakultetis studentebis stresTan gamklavebis unaris gasazomad; Semdeg aRmoaCenT, rom am testSi miRebuli qulebi korelirebs studentebis mier mecadineobis procesSi warmoqmnili stresuli situaciebis daZlevis unarTan. amasTan, varaudobdiT, rom testi, aseve, korelaciaSi iqneba im stresuli situaciebis daZlevis unarTan, romelTa gadalaxvac uwevT studentebs gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis samsaxurSi muSaobisas, Tumca es varaudi ar dagidasturdaT. vinaidan nawilobriv ganisazRvra testis validoba, raRac axalic SeityveT Tqven testis Sesaxeb: (a) ra pirobebSia is validuri da (b) misi agebis koncefciis Sesaxeb _ sxvadasxva kategoriis stresors gansxvavebul Sedegebamde mivyavarT. amis Semdeg testis koreqtirebas akeTebT ise, rom masSi iTvaliswinebT gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis samsaxur- Si muSaobisTvis specifikur stresorebs. dafiqrdiT im kavSiris Sesaxeb, romelic sandoobasa da validobas Soris arsebobs. sandooba izomeba imiT, Tu ramdenad korelirebs testi sakuTar TavTan (sxvadasxva dros gamoyenebisas), xolo validoba _ imiT, Tu ra xarisxiT korelirebs testi raime garegan faqtorTan (sxva testi, qceviTi kriteriumi an eqspertis Sefaseba). Cveulebriv, Tu testi ar aris sando, is arc validuria, radgan Tu testi ver winaswarmetyvelebs sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb, is ver iwinaswarmetyvelebs verafers sxvas. magali- Tad, Tu Tqven klasSi erT dRes agresiulobis testi Catarda da miRebuli qulebi ar aRmoCnda korelaciaSi meore dRes Catarebuli paraleluri formis qulebTan (arasandoobis magali- Ti), naklebad savaraudoa, rom romelime dRes miRebuli Sedegebis mixedviT iTqvas, Tu romeli studenti Cxubobda an kamaTobda yvelaze xSirad gasul kviras. bolos da bolos am ori testis qulebze dayrdnobiT erTnair winaswarmetyvelebasac ki ver gavakeTebdiT! meores mxriv, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom testi iyos sando, magram _ aravaliduri. magaliTad, Tu inteleqtis sazomad mozrdili adamianis simaRlis gamoyenebas gadavwyvetT, albaT, iolad mixvdeb- ra aris Sefaseba 365
- Page 105 and 106: odesac TojiniT vTamaSobdi, misis sa
- Page 107 and 108: lesoba, romelsac winamdebare TavSi
- Page 109 and 110: maTi mimdinareobis specifikas zusta
- Page 111 and 112: magram, ratom unda moexdina ricxveb
- Page 113 and 114: cxrili 9.3 1. raodenoba: Setyobineb
- Page 115 and 116: daakvirdiT, Tu ramdenad detaluri in
- Page 117 and 118: undebiT igive kiTxvas, romelic leqs
- Page 119 and 120: winadadeba: `kata uyurebda Tagvs, r
- Page 121 and 122: ufro zusti monacemebi Simpanzeebis
- Page 123 and 124: nis zRvarTan axlomyofi elferis garC
- Page 125 and 126: pongis?~ Tu Tqven ar gaxsovT, SegiZ
- Page 127 and 128: suraTi 9.9 students sTxoves, daexat
- Page 129 and 130: Tumca, Cveni yoveldRiuri problemebi
- Page 131 and 132: da mizani, vidre cudad gansazRvruli
- Page 133 and 134: ki saWiroa yuradReba miaqcioT Tokis
- Page 135 and 136: suraTi 9.15 abstraqtuli da sagnobri
- Page 137 and 138: om moswavleebs analogiis mosaZebnad
- Page 139 and 140: fsiqologia XXI saukuneSi Tu odesme
- Page 141 and 142: daskvna. miuxedavad imisa, rom aRqm
- Page 143 and 144: warmatebul ierusalimel iurists, kol
- Page 145 and 146: aSi mocemul eqimTa ricxvi. pasuxebz
- Page 147 and 148: problema da naxeT, SecvliT Tu ara T
- Page 149 and 150: aseTi Sedegi SesaZlebelia im SemTxv
- Page 151 and 152: inteleqti inteleqti da da inteleqti
- Page 153 and 154: iwyeben. Cveni yuradRebis centrSi i
- Page 155: yeneba. imisaTvis, rom am principeb
- Page 159 and 160: qulebi gamocdebTan dakavSirebuli Sf
- Page 161 and 162: × (Robert Yerkis), gamoexmaurnen o
- Page 163 and 164: cxrili 10.1 lebis xuTi subtesti moi
- Page 165 and 166: fsiqologia XXI saukuneSi inteleqtis
- Page 167 and 168: leqsikuri testi adgens semantikuri
- Page 169 and 170: vinaidan TiToeuli cxeni, mTeli rigi
- Page 171 and 172: pamelam xeli aiwia, igi adgilidan w
- Page 173 and 174: lobebi da kanondarRvevis SemTxveveb
- Page 175 and 176: aRwevs ufros mozrdilebTan! bevrs ga
- Page 177 and 178: suraTi 10.5 memkvidreobas, garemosa
- Page 179 and 180: empiriuli literaturidan... viRebT r
- Page 181 and 182: suraTi 10.7 stereotipuli muqara ste
- Page 183 and 184: suraTi 10.8 iZleva SemoqmedebiTobis
- Page 185 and 186: leba iswavlos man aqedan. Tqven Sei
- Page 187 and 188: ac imis Sedegia, Tu sad imyofebodne
- Page 189 and 190: adamianis adamianis ganviTareba gan
- Page 191 and 192: cxrili 11.1 ganviTarebis safexurebi
vinaidan maT ar surdaT wasvla. im<br />
fsiqiatrebma, romlebic pacientebis<br />
intervius Sedegebs ajamebdnen, araferi<br />
icodnen intervius miznis eqsperimentuli<br />
variaciis Sesaxeb, amitom im pacientebis<br />
mdgomareobas ufro mZimed afasebdnen,<br />
romlebic ufro negatiur Sefasebas<br />
iZleodnen da amiT maT stacionaridan<br />
gaSvebaze uars ambobdnen. amrigad,<br />
pacientebma Sefasebis sasurveli Sedegi<br />
miiRes. fsiqiatrebis Sefasebaze SeiZleba<br />
im mosazrebamac imoqmeda, rom, Tu vinmes<br />
fsiqiatriul klinikaSi surda darCena,<br />
maSin misi mdgomareoba mZime unda yofiliyo<br />
(Braginsky & Braginsky,1967).<br />
am magaliTidan Cans, rom testis Semqmnelebi<br />
ar unda daeyrdnon mxolod TvalsaCino validobis<br />
mqone sazoms. axla ganvixiloT validobis<br />
sxva tipebi, romlebic SesaZlebels xdian<br />
zogierTi SezRudvis daZlevas.<br />
testis kriteriumis mixedviT validobis<br />
(cnobilia, aseve, rogorc prognostuli validoba)<br />
misaRwevad fsiqologebi erTmaneTs<br />
adareben cdis pirebis mier erT testSi miRebul<br />
qulebsa da sxva (imave parametrTan dakav-<br />
Sirebuli) standartis an kriteriumis mixedviT<br />
miRebul qulebs. magaliTad, Tu testis<br />
mizania kolejSi warmatebulobis prognozireba,<br />
maSin kolejis miRebuli niSnebi Sesabamisi<br />
kriteriumi iqneba. Tu testis qulebi korelirebs<br />
kolejis niSnebTan, maSin testi validuria<br />
kriteriumis mixedviT. testis avtorebis<br />
ZiriTadi amocana Sesabamisi gazomvadi kriteriumis<br />
povnaa. Tu erTxel ukve naCvenebia Sefasebis<br />
instrumentis kriteriumis mixedviT<br />
validoba, maSin mkvlevrebi sandod miiCneven<br />
mas da kidev gamoiyeneben Semdgomi prognozirebisaTvis.<br />
swored am logikiT iTxovs kolejis<br />
mimRebi komisia SAT-is qulebs. warsulSi SATis<br />
qulebi dadebiTad korelirebda kolejSi<br />
swavlis zogierT aspeqtTan, amitom administracias<br />
maTze dayrdnobiT kolejSi Tqveni<br />
momavali karieris prognozireba SeeZlo.<br />
pirobebi, romelSic testi validuria, Sei-<br />
Zleba Zalze specifikuri iyos, amitom yovelTvis<br />
saWiroa testis mimarT daisvas kiTxva: `risTvis<br />
aris is mowodebuli, risTvisaa validuri?~ Tu<br />
gvecodineba, kidev romel kriteriumebTan korelirebs<br />
an ar korelirebs mocemuli testi,<br />
maSin raime axlis danaxvas SevZlebT kriteriumebSi,<br />
maTi agebis koncefciebsa Tu adamianis<br />
qcevis sirTuleSi. vTqvaT, qmniT tests samedicino<br />
fakultetis studentebis stresTan gamklavebis<br />
unaris gasazomad; Semdeg aRmoaCenT,<br />
rom am testSi miRebuli qulebi korelirebs<br />
studentebis mier mecadineobis procesSi warmoqmnili<br />
stresuli situaciebis daZlevis unarTan.<br />
amasTan, varaudobdiT, rom testi, aseve,<br />
korelaciaSi iqneba im stresuli situaciebis<br />
daZlevis unarTan, romelTa gadalaxvac uwevT<br />
studentebs gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis<br />
samsaxurSi muSaobisas, Tumca es varaudi ar<br />
dagidasturdaT. vinaidan nawilobriv ganisazRvra<br />
testis validoba, raRac axalic SeityveT<br />
Tqven testis Sesaxeb: (a) ra pirobebSia is validuri<br />
da (b) misi agebis koncefciis Sesaxeb _<br />
sxvadasxva kategoriis stresors gansxvavebul<br />
Sedegebamde mivyavarT. amis Semdeg testis koreqtirebas<br />
akeTebT ise, rom masSi iTvaliswinebT<br />
gadaudebeli samedicino daxmarebis samsaxur-<br />
Si muSaobisTvis specifikur stresorebs.<br />
dafiqrdiT im kavSiris Sesaxeb, romelic<br />
sandoobasa da validobas Soris arsebobs. sandooba<br />
izomeba imiT, Tu ramdenad korelirebs<br />
testi sakuTar TavTan (sxvadasxva dros gamoyenebisas),<br />
xolo validoba _ imiT, Tu ra xarisxiT<br />
korelirebs testi raime garegan faqtorTan<br />
(sxva testi, qceviTi kriteriumi an eqspertis<br />
Sefaseba). Cveulebriv, Tu testi ar aris sando,<br />
is arc validuria, radgan Tu testi ver<br />
winaswarmetyvelebs sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb, is<br />
ver iwinaswarmetyvelebs verafers sxvas. magali-<br />
Tad, Tu Tqven klasSi erT dRes agresiulobis<br />
testi Catarda da miRebuli qulebi ar aRmoCnda<br />
korelaciaSi meore dRes Catarebuli paraleluri<br />
formis qulebTan (arasandoobis magali-<br />
Ti), naklebad savaraudoa, rom romelime dRes<br />
miRebuli Sedegebis mixedviT iTqvas, Tu romeli<br />
studenti Cxubobda an kamaTobda yvelaze<br />
xSirad gasul kviras. bolos da bolos am ori<br />
testis qulebze dayrdnobiT erTnair winaswarmetyvelebasac<br />
ki ver gavakeTebdiT! meores mxriv,<br />
savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom testi iyos sando,<br />
magram _ aravaliduri. magaliTad, Tu inteleqtis<br />
sazomad mozrdili adamianis simaRlis<br />
gamoyenebas gadavwyvetT, albaT, iolad mixvdeb-<br />
ra aris Sefaseba<br />
365
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